Alimentação e Comunicação: Vídeo para Orientação de Cuidadores de Idosos / Food and Communication: Video for Guiding Elderly Caregivers

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos cuidadores formais com relação aos aspectos da alimentação e da comunicação com a pessoa idosa e elaborar um vídeo com orientações para o cuida-dor formal. Metodologia: Pesquisa realizada em instituições de longa permanência para idosos no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Tornaram-se participantes 34 cuidadores de idosos. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário construído a partir das explanações da literatura sobre disfagia, linguagem e cognição. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a es-tatística descritiva por meio da frequência absoluta, percentual e do teste de proporções. Foi elaborado o script do vídeo e as cenas avaliadas por 6 juízes. Todos concordaram com as cenas de forma unânime, sendo então o vídeo considerado confiável. Os juízes realizaram sugestões nas cenas e as mesmas foram analisadas por meio da estatística descritiva. Em seguida, foi realizada a edição do vídeo. Resultados:Os cuidadores não têm conhecimento das dificuldades de fala, audição, cognição do idoso e das estratégias que facilitam essas funções. Tam-bém, não mostram conhecer as dificuldades de alimentação dos idosos, embora realizem estratégias facilitadoras. Como produto final foi elaborado um vídeo de orientação ao profissio-nal cuidador. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância do vídeo para orientações com relação a alimentação e a comunicação, propiciando melhora na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa institucionalizada. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the knowledge of formal caregivers regarding aspects of eating and communication of the elderly and to elaborate a video with guidelines for the formal caregiver. Methodology: Methodological research conducted in long-term care facilities for the elderly in the city of João Pessoa, Paraiba. 34 elderly caregivers became participants. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire built from the literature explanations on dysphagia, language and cognition. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics through the absolute frequency, percentage and the proportions test. The script of the video was elaborated and the scenes evaluated by 6 judges. Everyone agreed with the scenes unanimously, so the video was considered reliable. The judges made sugges-tions in the scenes and they were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, the video was edited. Results: Caregivers are unaware of the difficulties in speech, hearing, and cognition of the elderly and the strategies that facilitate these functions. They also do not show knowledge of the feeding difficulties of the elderly although they perform facilitating strategies. As a final product, a guidance video was prepared for the professional caregiver. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of the video for guidance regarding food and communication, providing improvement in the quality of life of the institutionalized elderly, (AU)

Patologías de la comunicación. Proyecto docente para enfermería infantil. Dislalias / Communication pathology. Teaching project for child nursing. Dyslalias

La dislalia, mal conocida como trastorno del lenguaje, es sin duda una de las patologías de la comunicación, concretamente del habla, más común en la infancia. A pesar de que en los distintos servicios de salud en los que presta sus cuidados la profesión de enfermería se encuentran niños con estas dificultades, la formación profesional tanto pre como postgrado es muy deficiente en lo que a patología de la comunicación respecta. Mediante una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica actualizada en la Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Público de Salud de Andalucía, se pretende dar a conocer los aspectos más relevantes de las dislalias con un objetivo púramente docente, lo que resultará en una mejora en los registros de enfermería, en el uso correcto de la terminología logopédica y en un avance en la coordinación interprofesional, consiguiendo con ello dar calidad e identidad a los cuidados de enfermería (AU)

Dyslalia, bad known as a language disorder, is undoubtedly one of the most common childhood speech communication pathologies. Although nursing provide health care to children with these difficulties along different services, pregraduate and postgraduate training regarding communication pathology is very poor. Through an extensive updated searched literature in the Virtual Library System of Andalusia Public Health, is intended to present the most relevant aspects about dyslalia with pure teaching objective with the aim of improving nursing records, getting correct use in speech therapy terminology and achieving quality and identity in providing nursing care (AU)

Onset aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability associated with primary caregiver depression.

Caregivers of adults with an intellectual disability experience depressive symptoms, but the aging factors of the care recipients associated with the depressive symptoms are unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the onset aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability that associated with the depression scores of their primary caregivers. A cross-sectional survey was administered to gather information from 455 caregivers of adults with an intellectual disability about their symptoms of depression which assessed by a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The 12 aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability include physical and mental health. The results indicate that 78% of adults with an intellectual disability demonstrate aging conditions. Physical conditions associated with aging include hearing decline (66.3%), vision decline (63.6%), incontinence (44%), articulation and bone degeneration (57.9%), teeth loss (80.4), physical strength decline (81.2%), sense of taste and smell decline (52.8%), and accompanied chronic illnesses (74.6%). Mental conditions associated with aging include memory loss (77%), language ability deterioration (74.4%), poor sleep quality (74.2%), and easy onset of depression and sadness (50.3%). Aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability (p<0.001) was one factor that significantly affected the presence of depressive symptom among caregivers after controlling demographic characteristics. Particularly, poor sleep quality of adults with an intellectual disability (yes vs. no, OR=3.807, p=0.002) was statistically correlated to the occurrence of significant depressive symptoms among their caregivers. This study suggests that the authorities should reorient community services and future policies toward the needs of family caregivers to decrease the burdens associated with caregiving.

Assessment of pain in the nonverbal or cognitively impaired older adult.

The inability of nonverbal older adults to communicate pain represents a major barrier to pain assessment and treatment. This article focuses on nonverbal older adult populations with dementia, delirium, and severe critical illness. A comprehensive approach to pain assessment is advocated encompassing multiple sources of information. Selected behavioral tools for nonverbal pain assessment are critiqued. Although there are tools with promise, there is currently no standardized behavioral tool that may be recommended for broad adoption in clinical practice and continued concerted effort to this end is needed.

[What does the language of Alzheimer patients have to do with the language of Paul Celan?]. / Was die Sprache Alzheimer-Kranker mit der Celans verbindet -- Uber Kommunikation mit schwer betroffenen Demenzpatienten.

Being in touch with severely demented patients requires a fundamental transformation in communication habits in medicine and in nursing. There is a need of reorientation away from an interpreting and often deficit-oriented aspect of communication towards attentive observance of unusual verbal and nonverbal signals and resources of the patient. Spontaneous and open communication with the patient outweighs the importance of a goal-oriented exchange of information and poses a significant challenge for all health and social professions. The well-being of persons with dementia depends mainly on the quality of communication and on the design of the milieu and the quality of everyday life. Interaction in nursing seems to be the crucial issue, including both spontaneity and creativity in the interaction partners, while respecting the personal boundaries of both the patient and the nurse in the necessary intimacy of the care environment. This essay shows important aspects and strategies of adequate communication with people with dementia from the perspective of medicine and of nursing. Ways to improve communication skills are shown, referring, among others, to the approaches by Kate Allan and John Killick (research fellows at Dementia Services Development Centre, University of Stirling).

Managing communication disorders in stroke.

Dysphasias, dyspraxias, and dysarthrias are communication disorders that may be experienced following a stroke. Nursing assessment of language and speech is based on an understanding of normal language and speech systems. Location of the stroke and clinical assessment findings uncovered through the history and physical examination allow identification of language and speech deficits. Language is examined by assessing spontaneous speech, verbal comprehension, reading, writing, and ability to name and repeat. Speech is examined by testing motor function and reflexes of cranial nerves VII, IX, X, and XII. The identification of intact language and speech functions and language and speech deficits enables the nurse to plan and implement interventions based on the assessment findings in four areas--environmental manipulation, supportive behaviors, behaviors designed to enhance communication, and teaching of the person and family.