RESUMEN
This paper estimates the impact of the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan earthquake on land appraisals of various locations outside of directly damaged areas. The focus is on locations that are expected to be extensively damaged by a tsunami if the Nankai Trough earthquake occurs. We use the DID and DDD approaches and show that locations with low elevation and close to the sea experienced decreases in appraised land prices compared to locations with high elevation and far from the sea. Especially, locations with less than 3.6m elevation and within 1.46km of the coastline experienced significant decreases in appraised land prices. This result implies that people have changed their location preferences regarding elevation and distance from the sea.
Asunto(s)
Terremotos/economía , Tsunamis/economía , Humanos , JapónAsunto(s)
Energía Nuclear/estadística & datos numéricos , Plantas de Energía Nuclear/provisión & distribución , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Terremotos/economía , Terremotos/mortalidad , Accidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Energía Nuclear/economía , Plantas de Energía Nuclear/economía , Plantas de Energía Nuclear/normas , Energía Renovable/economía , Energía Renovable/estadística & datos numéricos , Medición de Riesgo , Tsunamis/economíaRESUMEN
Japan Tobacco International (JTI) is the international division of Japan Tobacco Incorporated, and the world's third largest transnational tobacco company. Founded in 1999, JTI's rapid growth has been the result of a global business strategy that potentially serves as a model for other Asian tobacco companies. This paper analyses Japan Tobacco Incorporated's global expansion since the 1980s in response to market opening, foreign competition, and declining share of a contracting domestic market. Key features of its global strategy include the on-going central role and investment by the Japanese government, and an expansion agenda based on mergers and acquisitions. The paper also discusses the challenges this global business strategy poses for global tobacco control and public health. This paper is part of the special issue 'The Emergence of Asian Tobacco Companies: Implications for Global Health Governance'.
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Internacionalidad , Mercadotecnía/economía , Política Pública , Fumar/epidemiología , Industria del Tabaco/economía , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Femenino , Accidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Mercadotecnía/métodos , Mercadotecnía/organización & administración , Estudios de Casos Organizacionales , Prevalencia , Distribución por Sexo , Fumar/economía , Fumar/tendencias , Industria del Tabaco/organización & administración , Tsunamis/economíaRESUMEN
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are widely believed to raise their flag in humanitarian hotspots with a strong media presence in order to attract higher private donations. We assess this hypothesis by comparing the changes in donations between US-based NGOs with and without aid operations in the four countries most affected by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004. Simple before-after comparisons tend to support the hypothesis that 'flying the flag' helps attract higher private donations. However, performing a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) approach, we find only weak indications that private donors systematically and strongly preferred NGOs with operations in the region. Extended specifications of the baseline regressions reveal that our major findings are robust. NGO heterogeneity matters in some respects, but the DDD results hold when accounting for proxies of the NGOs' reputation and experience.
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Donaciones , Sector Privado/economía , Sistemas de Socorro/economía , Tsunamis/economía , Altruismo , Bases de Datos Factuales , Países en Desarrollo , Humanos , Océano Índico , Agencias Internacionales , Cooperación Internacional , Internacionalidad , Organizaciones , Análisis de Regresión , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Comunicación , Planificación en Desastres/métodos , Desastres/prevención & control , Tsunamis , Planificación en Desastres/economía , Desastres/economía , Refugio de Emergencia , Humanos , Océano Índico , Indonesia , Mapas como Asunto , Proyectos Piloto , Factores de Tiempo , Tsunamis/economíaRESUMEN
Natural hazards have a potentially large impact on economic growth, but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of this paper is to demonstrate a model--the natural disasters vulnerability evaluation (NDVE) model--that can be used to evaluate the impact of natural hazards on gross national product growth. The model is based on five basic indicators-natural hazards growth rates (αi), the national natural hazards vulnerability rate (ΩT), the natural disaster devastation magnitude rate (Π), the economic desgrowth rate (i.e. shrinkage of the economy) (δ), and the NHV surface. In addition, we apply the NDVE model to the north-east Japan earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 to evaluate its impact on the Japanese economy.
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Terremotos/economía , Modelos Económicos , Tsunamis/economía , Producto Interno Bruto , Humanos , JapónRESUMEN
This study examines variables associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) and posttraumatic growth among 2 independent samples of survivors following the Indian Ocean tsunami in Khao Lak, Thailand. Participants were exposed to unprecedented horror and loss of life and property. At 3 months participants (N = 248) were living in temporary shelters, and at 15 months a second sample (N = 255) was living in homes built after the tsunami. Prior traumatic experiences, life threat, loss of personal characteristic resources and condition resources, somatic problems, and social support accounted for close to half of the variance in PTS in each sample. At 3 months, emotion-focused coping and concerns about government favoritism also contributed to PTS. At 15 months, lack of prior disaster experience and loss of energy resources also contributed to PTS. Distress was higher among participants surveyed at 3 months than among those surveyed at 15 months. Posttraumatic growth was positively associated with social support and problem-focused coping in both samples. The findings support conservation of resources stress theory ( Hobfoll, 2012 ) and underscore how systemic issues affect mental health. The implications of the findings are discussed, as is the educational International Tsunami Museum designed by the first author to address systemic stressors.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Desastres , Vivienda , Resiliencia Psicológica , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/diagnóstico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Tsunamis , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Desastres/economía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Vivienda/economía , Humanos , Océano Índico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Apoyo Social , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/economía , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tailandia , Tsunamis/economía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the socioeconomic status of the households affected by the tsunami of 2004 & to determine the factors associated with the recovery of household economic status. METHODS: The study was conducted in tsunami-affected areas in Malaysia in 2010-2011. A total of 193 households were included in the survey. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the factors related to the recovery of households' economic status. FINDINGS: Among 193 households, 37% were in a better condition, 40% were unchanged and 22% had not recovered. It took 2.2 years to get back to pre-disaster economic status. Factors leading to successful household economic recovery were "household resided in Sungai Petani", "belong to highest income quartile" and "age of household head". In contrast, "extended family type" and "unemployed household head" reduced the odds of recovery. Households which lost their fishing boats during the tsunami had less chance to recover their previous status. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study would be useful for policy consideration and planning of post disaster management in order to enhance the recovery of household economic status in the short period.
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Tsunamis/economía , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Planificación en Desastres/economía , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Humanos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Malasia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Política Pública , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Desastres/estadística & datos numéricos , Cambio Climático/economía , Tormentas Ciclónicas/economía , Tormentas Ciclónicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Terremotos/economía , Japón , Crecimiento Demográfico , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tsunamis/economía , Tiempo (Meteorología)Asunto(s)
Desastres , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental , Desastres/economía , Terremotos/economía , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/economía , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/normas , Humanos , Japón , Trabajo de Rescate , Tsunamis/economíaRESUMEN
Nearly 2 months have passed since the 3.11 Tohoku Earthquake. In central Sendai, where Tohoku University is located, life is slowly returning back to normal, at least on the surface. However, just a few kilometers away, where the tsunami washed away an entire town, wreckage still litters the coast. The second stage of recovering from the disaster has begun. What can we do to revive universities and communities in the affected areas?
Asunto(s)
Terremotos , Investigación/organización & administración , Terremotos/economía , Humanos , Japón , Laboratorios/economía , Tsunamis/economía , Universidades/economíaRESUMEN
Objective. Disasters are a regular occurrence throughout the world. Whether all eligible victims of a catastrophe receive similar amounts of aid from governments and donors following a crisis remains an open question.Methods. I use data on 62 similarly damaged inland fishing villages in five districts of southeastern India following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to measure the causal influence of caste, location, wealth, and bridging social capital on the receipt of aid. Using two-limit tobit and negative binomial models, I investigate the factors that influence the time spent in refugee camps, receipt of an initial aid packet, and receipt of 4,000 rupees.Results. Caste, family status, and wealth proved to be powerful predictors of beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries during the aid process.Conclusion. While many scholars and practitioners envision aid distribution as primarily a technocratic process, this research shows that discrimination and financial resources strongly affect the flow of disaster aid.
Asunto(s)
Cooperación Internacional , Asistencia Pública , Clase Social , Responsabilidad Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tsunamis , Desastres/economía , Desastres/historia , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , India/etnología , Cooperación Internacional/historia , Cooperación Internacional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos de Población/educación , Grupos de Población/etnología , Grupos de Población/historia , Grupos de Población/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos de Población/psicología , Prejuicio , Asistencia Pública/economía , Asistencia Pública/historia , Asistencia Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Clase Social/historia , Factores Socioeconómicos/historia , Tsunamis/economía , Tsunamis/historia , Programas Voluntarios/economía , Programas Voluntarios/historia , Programas Voluntarios/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
This paper offers a potential measurement solution for assessing disaster impacts and subsequent recovery at the household level by using a modified domestic assets index (MDAI) approach. Assessment of the utility of the domestic assets index first proposed by Bates, Killian and Peacock (1984) has been confined to earthquake areas in the Americas and southern Europe. This paper modifies and extends the approach to the Indian sub-continent and to coastal surge hazards utilizing data collected from 1,000 households impacted by the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004) in the Nagapattinam district of south-eastern India. The analyses suggest that the MDAI scale is a reliable and valid measure of household living conditions and is useful in assessing disaster impacts and tracking recovery efforts over time. It can facilitate longitudinal studies, encourage cross-cultural, cross-national comparisons of disaster impacts and inform national and international donors of the itemized monetary losses from disasters at the household level.
Asunto(s)
Cultura , Composición Familiar , Tsunamis/economía , Análisis de Varianza , Femenino , Humanos , India , Océano Índico , Masculino , Modelos Econométricos , Organizaciones , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
The southeast Asian tsunami that caused massive death and destruction in December 2004 was met by an extraordinary outpouring of international generosity. Recovery work was initially slowed by a variety of problems including poor administrative organization, lack of coordination between partners, and legal impediments. However, it is now largely completed. UNICEF worked hard to ensure that available funds were used to "build back better".
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Sistemas de Socorro/economía , Tsunamis/economía , Naciones Unidas , Asia Sudoriental , HumanosRESUMEN
No disponible