Motivation to learn: an international multilevel study on student autonomy and teacher emphasis on content usefulness / Motivación para aprender: un estudio internacional multinivel sobre la autonomía de los estudiantes y el énfasis de los docentes en la utilidad del contenido

En la educación superior, pocos estudios relacionan factores contextuales en la clase, como el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido y las características motivacionales de los estudiantes. El objetivo fue probar un modelo multinivel sobre la relación entre el énfasis del docente en la utilidad del contenido durante la clase, la autonomía de los estudiantes y, a su vez, la motivación para aprender. Participaron 3033 estudiantes universitarios matriculados de 1º a 4º grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, de universidades de España (N = 602), Portugal (N = 469), México (N = 1177), Chile (N = 372), y Brasil (N = 413). Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multinivel, en el que los participantes respondieron preguntas sobre el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido de la clase, la autonomía y la motivación para aprender. Se hipotetizó que el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido predecía la autonomía del estudiante que, por su vez, predecía la motivación para aprender. Los resultados, a nivel grupal e individual, indican que el énfasis del docente en la utilidad del contenido predijo la autonomía del estudiante, y la autonomía predijo la motivación para aprender.(AU)

Teacher autonomy support is related to improved student learn-ing. In higher education, few studies relate classroom contextual factors, such as teacher emphasis on content usefulness, and students' motivational characteristics. The aim was to test a multilevel model about the relation between the extent of teachers’ emphasis on the usefulness of class con-tent with student autonomy, and, in turn, on motivation to learn. The par-ticipants were 3033 university students enrolled from 1st to 4th grade of Sciences of the Physical Activity and Sport, from universities in Spain (N = 602), Portugal (N = 469), Mexico (N = 1177), Chile (N = 372), and Brazil (N = 413). A multilevel structural equation model was performed, in which participants answered questions about the teacher's emphasis on the use-fulness of class content, basic psychological need for autonomy, and moti-vation to learn. At the group and individual levels, the hypothesis is that the teacher's emphasis on the usefulness of class content predict the stu-dent autonomy, in turn, student autonomy predicts student motivation to learn. Results found at the group level and at the individual level the strength of teacher emphasis on class content predicted student autonomy; student autonomy predicted student motivation to learn.(AU)

Mapping of MPH programs in terms of geographic distribution across various universities and institutes of India-A desk research.

Background: Landscaping studies related to public health education in India do not exclusively focus on the most common Masters of Public Health (MPH) program. The field of public health faces challenges due to the absence of a professional council, resulting in fragmented documentation of these programs. This study was undertaken to map all MPH programs offered across various institutes in India in terms of their geographic distribution, accreditation status, and administration patterns. Methodology: An exhaustive internet search using various keywords was conducted to identify all MPH programs offered in India. Websites were explored for their details. A data extraction tool was developed for recording demographic and other data. Information was extracted from these websites as per the tool and collated in a matrix. Geographic coordinates obtained from Google Maps, and QGIS software facilitated map generation. Results: The search identified 116 general and 13 MPH programs with specializations offered by different universities and institutes across India. India is divided into six zones, and the distribution of MPH programs in these zones is as follows, central zone has 20 programs; the east zone has 11; the north zone has 35; the north-east zone has 07; the south zone has 26; and the west zone has 17 MPH programs. While 107 are university grants commission (UGC) approved universities and institutes, only 46 MPH programs are conducted by both UGC approved and National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited universities and institutes. Five universities are categorized as central universities; 22 are deemed universities; 51 are private universities; and 29 are state universities. Nine are considered institutions of national importance by the UGC, and four institutions are recognized as institutions of eminence. All general MPH programs span 2 years and are administered under various faculties, with only 27 programs being conducted within dedicated schools or centers of public health. Conclusion: The MPH programs in India show considerable diversity in their geographic distribution, accreditation status, and administration pattern.

The Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Sudan's experience in community engagement initiatives spans 3 decades.

Mycetoma profoundly affects marginalised communities, especially in impoverished and remote areas with limited access to healthcare. This chronic and debilitating inflammatory disease highlights the typical issues of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as insufficient attention, funding, and resources, which perpetuate neglect and suffering. Patients often delay seeking medical help, leading to advanced disease stages, severe complications, and lasting disabilities. The lack of medical infrastructure and skilled healthcare professionals worsens the situation, causing delays in diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Engaging affected communities in tailored interventions is essential to tackle these challenges, promote collaboration, raise awareness, and mobilise resources to improve healthcare access and enhance diagnostic and treatment capabilities. Since 1991, the Mycetoma Research Center (MRC) at the University of Khartoum, Sudan, has led community engagement initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life for mycetoma-affected individuals through education, advocacy, and local collaboration. In this communication, the MRC shares its extensive experience in community engagement to benefit mycetoma-affected communities.

Prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and substance use among university entrance test-taking students: A GIS-based study.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have examined substance use and smoking behavior among adolescents and university students. However, little is known about these behaviors among students undergoing university entrance tests, a critical transition period from adolescence to adulthood. The entrance test can significantly affect students' mental health, potentially leading to substance use. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and substance use among students taking these exams and the associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on September 4th and 11th, 2022 to collect data from 1,480 university entrance test-taking students using a convenience sampling technique. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were conducted using SPSS software. Besides, GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution of substance use and smoking behavior across districts via ArcGIS. RESULTS: The study found a 10% prevalence of current tobacco smoking and 4% substance use. Females (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.38-2.85), urban residence (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42-2.88), repeater (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), anxiety (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.19), burnout (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.00-2.12), and suicidal behavior (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03-2.40) were the significant factors for cigarette use. Whereas the urban residence (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.11-3.31), anxiety (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.45-4.20), and suicidal behavior (OR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.55-4.92) significantly increased the risk of substance use. GIS analysis revealed males varied in substance use and females in tobacco smoking by district. Repeat test-takers were associated with district variations in both smoking and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Educational institutions, public health authorities, and policymakers must implement mental health support and substance use prevention programs for students. Integrating mental health education, providing resources, and enforcing regulations can promote healthier coping strategies and reduce substance use risks among students.

Digital transformation in college libraries: The effect of digital reading on reader service satisfaction.

In the pursuit of digital transformation, college libraries have increasingly embraced the promotion of digital reading as a critical initiative. While numerous studies have delved into the strategies employed by college libraries in their digital transformation endeavors, there remains a lack of research elucidating the direct influence of digital reading on reader service satisfaction within these institutions. Drawing upon the service quality model, this paper aims to address this gap by examining the multifaceted influence of digital reading on reader service satisfaction in college libraries. By examining the various dimensions of digital reading services, this study employs the fsQCA approach to uncover specific combinations that contribute to heightened levels of reader service satisfaction. The results reveal three distinct configurations that can explain the high level of reader service satisfaction. By elucidating these critical relationships, this research not only provides a contribution to the research regarding the evolving role of college libraries but also provides practical insights for college libraries aspiring to realize digital transformation by promoting digital reading.

Physical activity and social anxiety symptoms among Chinese college students: a serial mediation model of psychological resilience and sleep problems.

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety symptoms are common and harmful psychological illness in college students. Although some studies have illustrated that physical activity could reduce social anxiety symptoms, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Based on theoretical studies on resilience and sleep, this study constructed a serial mediation model to explore whether they mediate between physical activity and social anxiety symptoms among college students. METHODS: This study surveyed 9,530 college students from three colleges in China to explore the mediating effect of physical activity and sleep problems between physical activity and social anxiety symptoms. Participants were investigated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Sleep-related problems, and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Correlations between variables were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software. RESULT: The study found that physical activity was negatively associated with social anxiety symptoms and sleep problems, but positively with psychological resilience. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, physical activity can not only indirectly alleviate social anxiety symptoms through the separate mediation of psychological resilience and sleep problems, but also through the serial mediation of psychological resilience and sleep problems. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that improving physical activity levels could reduce social anxiety scores by increasing psychological resilience and sleep quality. This is of great reference significance for the prevention and intervention of college students' mental health.

Assessing prevalence, factors and health consequences and academic performance of undergraduate students with breakfast skipping during COVID-19 using statistical modeling: a cross-sectional study.

The study was conducted in order to study breakfast skipping (BKS) frequency, factors associated with, health consequence and undergraduate students academic performance during Covid-19 pandemic as earliest studies focusing on this area. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2225 of undergraduate students. The study was carried between the period of 15/1/2020 to 3/4/2020 using an online self-report Breakfast Eating Habit Survey (BEHS). The BEHS survey was divided into two sections. The first sections included sociodemographic information (gender, BMI, age, smoking, residency, parental education, family income, studying system and stage (public or private), and studying institution (university or institute) academic performance. The second part included questions regarding breakfast eating habits including frequency of skipping meals, factors related to BKS health consequences and types of snacks. Logistic regression is a common technique used for modeling outcomes that fall into the range of 1 and 0. For this purpose, a logistic regression was performed to find adjusted odds ratio and crude odds ratio. The results showed that the majority of participants were female (1238, 55.7%). Out of 2,224 students, 2059 are aged between 18 to 24 years. Most of the participants were from first level (26.5%), second level (32.8%), third level (17.6%) or the fourth level (21.3%). Over 92% of participants were single and about 68% came from families of medium income families. The statistical analysis showed that the odds of BKS is reduced among students who live in accommodation by 54% (odds ratio = 54%, CI (41-71%), p value = 0.000). It seems that students with low income and normal or higher BMI are more likely to skip breakfast more regularly. The odds of skipping breakfast among students with BMI of 18-24.9 is reduced by 41% (odds ratio = 59%, CI (27%-93%), p value = 0.027) and the odds of BKS is reduced among students with BMI of 25-29.9 by 45% (odds ratio = 55%, CI (31-95%). Additionally, students with medium or high incomes are more likely to skip breakfast as much as twofold in comparison with students with low income (medium income (odds ratio = 1.85, CI (1.08-3.17), p-value = 0.024), high income (odds ratio = 1.98, CI (1.12-3.51), p-value = 0.019). The most common reasons for skipping breakfast included include time constraint, not hungry, breakfast is not ready, afraid to be overweight and lack of appetite. The consequences of skipping breakfast were feeling hungry throughout the day, feeling tired, and not paying attention in class and low academic performance. To concluded, BKS during Covid-19 is more common among students with higher BMI, higher income and living in accommodation. The main reason is time constraint and the most common health problems are being tired and luck of attention.

Enhancing response inhibition behavior through tDCS intervention in college students with smartphone addiction.

Smartphone addiction, emerging from excessive use of smartphones, poses a challenge to inhibitory control functions within society. This research employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention alongside the stop signal task (SST) to explore behavioral distinctions between individuals with smartphone addiction and a non-addicted control group, focusing on the efficacy of tDCS intervention. The participant cohort comprised 80 individuals, divided into an addiction group (39 participants, with 19 receiving active tDCS and 20 receiving sham tDCS) and a control group (41 participants, with 20 receiving active tDCS and 21 receiving sham tDCS), with anodal stimulation applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and cathodal placement over the left arm. The findings indicate that university students struggling with smartphone addiction exhibit reduced inhibitory control compared to their non-addicted peers, while maintaining similar levels of general cognitive control. Remarkably, tDCS interventions were observed to enhance inhibitory control in both groups. Although the improvement in the addiction group appeared more pronounced numerically than in the control group, no significant interaction with group was noted. However, a higher percentage of participants in the smartphone addiction (SA) group exhibited enhanced response inhibition under active tDCS. This study demonstrates the inhibitory control deficits in individuals addicted to smartphones and underscores the potential of tDCS in enhancing response inhibition. It provides a valuable reference for future tDCS research targeting smartphone addiction and highlights the importance of developing healthier smartphone usage habits.

Impact of childhood socioeconomic status on depression among postdoctoral researchers in universities: The chain mediating role of current subjective socioeconomic status and perceived stress. / ç«¥å¹´ç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽåœ°ä½å¯¹é«˜æ ¡åšå£«åŽæŠ‘éƒçš„å½±å“ï¼šå½“ä¸‹ä¸»è§‚ç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽåœ°ä½å’ŒåŽ‹åŠ›æ„ŸçŸ¥çš„é“¾å¼ä¸­ä»‹ä½œç”¨.

OBJECTIVES: Postdoctoral researchers in Chinese universities commonly face a high risk of mental health issues, such as depression, yet the underlying causes and mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on depression among postdoctoral researchers and the mediating roles of current subjective SES and perceived stress in this process. METHODS: An online survey was conducted among postdoctoral researchers at a university. The survey included a general information questionnaire, the Childhood Socioeconomic Status Scale, the Subjective Socioeconomic Status Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire. A total of 505 valid responses were collected. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the data, and the PROCESS macro was employed for chain mediation analysis. RESULTS: Childhood SES was significantly positively correlated with current subjective SES (P<0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with postdoctoral tenure, perceived stress, and depression (all P<0.05). Current subjective SES was significantly negatively correlated with perceived stress and depression (both P<0.05), while perceived stress was significantly positively correlated with depression (P<0.05). The chain mediation effect of childhood SES → current subjective SES → perceived stress → depression was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood socioeconomic status can influence depression among postdoctoral researchers through the mediating roles of current subjective socioeconomic status and perceived stress. These findings provide a target for the prevention and intervention of depression in postdoctoral populations and offer a reference for the development of mental health promotion strategies for young university faculty.

Cross-lagged panel analysis of the relationship between social networking sites use (SNSU) and sleep problems among university students.

BACKGROUND: Sleep remains a cornerstone for sociopsychological well-being, but it is in decline, especially among today's youth. Simultaneously, engagement with social media is escalating. Research has identified a link between social networking sites use and sleep problems; however, the nature and direction of the relations remain obscure. Therefore, it is imperative to pursue longitudinal research to elucidate this correlation and guide suitable intervention practices. The present study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationship between social networking sites use and sleep problems. METHODS: By adopting a three-stage cross-lagged design across four time points, assessment results from 194 university students were gathered at four-week intervals. RESULTS: The findings indicate that (1) Social networking sites use was significantly greater in females than in males at all four time points, while sleep problems were significantly greater in females than in males at Time 3 and Time 4. (2) Sleep problems at the second time point serve as a positive predictor of subsequent social networking sites use at the third time point. (3) Social networking sites use at the initial time point could marginally significantly predict sleep problems at the fourth time point. CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the dynamic relationship between social networking sites use and sleep problems across an academic term, suggesting the need for temporally tailored interventions.

Assessing Health Data Science Internships: A Comprehensive Study at the University of Lille.

Data Science emerged as a new cross-disciplinary discipline at the intersection of statistics, computer science, and expertise in a specific domain, such as health and biology. The data science field, alongside other data-related professions, is continuously evolving. We conducted a study examining tasks assigned to first-year internship students pursuing a Master's degree in Health Data Science, exploring the missions, technologies employed and skills required, and internship alignment with students' training through semi-structured interviews with 32 participants. Three quarters of the students were placed in teams within the public sector. Among these entities, there were 11 hospitals and 12 universities. Although the majority of students did their internship as part of a methodological team, they often had a healthcare professional on their team. Nearly half of the missions involved descriptive analysis, followed by 9 missions focused on etiology or prediction and 8 missions on implementing a data warehouse. The majority of students had to perform data management and produce graphs, while only half conducted statistical analysis. The findings highlighted that data management remains a major challenge, and it should be taken into consideration when designing training programs. In future, it remains to determine whether this trend will continue with second-year students or if, with experience, they are more often assigned statistical analyses.

Supervisor's neuroticism and problematic Internet use among graduate students: the mediating role of supervisor-student relationship quality and the moderating role of fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Graduate students exhibit vulnerability to problematic Internet use, which can result in adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences. However, limited studies have addressed this issue among graduate students, and even fewer have explored the unique factors contributing to their problematic Internet use. Therefore, to address this gap, the current study aims to probe the relationship between supervisor's neuroticism and problematic Internet use among graduate students, the mediating effect of the supervisor-student relationship quality, as well as the moderating effect of fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 at three universities in Beijing, China. Anonymous data from 448 graduate students were collected regarding problematic Internet use, supervisor's neuroticism, supervisor-student relationship quality, and the fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation. A moderated mediation analysis was performed using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 14). RESULTS: Supervisor's neuroticism was positively linked to graduate students' problematic Internet use, supervisor-student relationship quality mediated the linkage, and fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation played a moderating role in the second stage. Specifically, for students lower in fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation, supervisor-student relationship quality negatively predicted students' problematic Internet use. While for the graduate students higher in fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation, supervisor-student relationship quality could not significantly predict students' problematic Internet use. The mediating effect was only significant for graduate students lower in fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: This study established a theoretical model linking supervisor's neuroticism to graduate students' problematic Internet use, highlighting the potential roles of supervisor-student relationship quality and fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation. Reducing the neuroticism level of the supervisor, enhancing the quality of the supervisor-student relationship, and mitigating students' fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation will contribute to the reduction of problematic Internet use among graduate students.

The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and personality traits in university students.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome in university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 616 female university students between February and June 2020. RESULTS: The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score was determined as a mean of 125.40±25.41. According to linear regression analysis, extrovert/introvert personality traits, emotional balance/neuroticism, and consistent/inconsistent personality traits were statistically significant predictive factors of premenstrual syndrome. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that two-thirds of the students had premenstrual syndrome and personality traits affected premenstrual syndrome. It is recommended that attention should be paid to personality traits when coping with premenstrual syndrome.

Evidence on psychometric properties of self-report questionnaires in evaluating blended learning in health sciences university students: research protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, schools had to switch online. As universities ease face-to-face (F2F) schooling, blended teaching and learning (BTL) enables the continuous delivery of education. However, the sudden transition to BTL poses challenges for students and teachers, especially for health sciences programmes that require hands-on practical experience. Several studies have evaluated F2F teaching and learning contexts through student feedback and evaluations. However, there needs to be more reliable and valid self-report questionnaires that focus on the perceptions and experiences of students experiencing BTL. This study will critically appraise, compare and summarise the quality of self-report questionnaires evaluating BTL among health science university students based on their psychometric properties. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review and meta-analysis design will be used. This review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols and follow the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) standardised guidelines. 13 databases will be searched for studies reporting BTL self-report questionnaires as evaluation tools with their respective psychometric properties. Two independent reviewers will appraise the paper using the COSMIN risk of bias checklist and the quality of evidence of the psychometric properties of the relevant questionnaires will be assessed using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Based on their psychometric properties, these assessments will comprehensively summarise and present the best recommendations for the most appropriate self-report questionnaires for BTL evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The University of the Philippines' Research Grants Administration Office exempted this research protocol from ethics review evaluation (protocol number UPMREB 2022-0259-EX) since this study will not collect individual data. The research protocol was registered with PROSPERO. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences to aid researchers and professionals in the field of health education to prudently choose effective self-report questionnaires evaluating blended learning.CRD42022372362.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the doomscrolling scale and the mediating role of doomscrolling in the bidirectional relationship between insomnia and depression.

BACKGROUND: Doomscrolling behavior is very common among college students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Doomscrolling Scale, thus providing a scientific basis for its application among Chinese university students. METHODS: The Chinese version of Doomscrolling Scale was developed through translation and revision of the original scale, conducting item and factor analysis, and validating it with validation factor analysis. The psychometric properties of the Doomscrolling Scale were assessed in 2885 Chinese university students. RESULTS: The internal consistency coefficients, two-month test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the Chinese version of the Doomscrolling Scale (including the 15-item and the 4-item short version) were high, and the mono-factorial scales fitted well to the theoretical model. Scores on the Chinese version of the Doomscrolling Scale were significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction. The structural equation model indicates that doomscrolling can mediate the bidirectional relationship between insomnia disorder and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The revised Chinese version of the Doomscrolling Scale is valid and reliable, which can facilitate research in this field. The association between doomscrolling and various mental disorders has been confirmed, and further research should be conducted to investigate its mechanisms of action.

Conditionality and the negotiation of core elements in university social representations.

The aim of the present research is to investigate the phenomenon of the negotiation of the central core elements of a social representation under the effect of the confirmation of another, in relation to their intra core hierarchy, to understand the socio cognitive conditions in which this negotiation takes place and the role of conditionality in this. Also, in the effects it has on the perceptual and evaluative activity of the subjects. Two experimental procedures it was conducted. Based on our results: • when there was no condition, the simultaneous questioning of a primary central element, which founds the meaning of a representation (PCE) is not compensated by the confirmation of an adjunctive central element, which only specifies it (ACE) and subjects do not accept the representation, • while in the conditionality: the questioning of a primary central element (PCE) is compensated by the confirmation of an adjunctive central element (ACE) and leads instead to the acceptance of the representation. We conclude that our research findings, allow us to make it possible to understand further the internal functioning of the central system of a social representation, and the term of negotiability of a central element, which depends on the position and role of this element at the socio-cognitive level in the structure of the representation.

The impact of gender, psychology, and cultural dimensions on leadership development in distance education.

The research purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of leadership in the process of distance learning from the perspective of the psychological theories of leadership, gender, and cross-cultural issues. The present research is based on such methods as surveys, testing, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and statistical data processing. The subjective (the experience of the respondents) and objective (machine calculation of clusters) assessments allowed the scholars to generate more arguments on leadership in the learning process. The sample consisted of 600 female and male students (300 from each sex, respectively) aged 18-20 years from Abu Dhabi University, American University in The Emirates, and the United Arab Emirates University. The research stated that the majority of students, regardless of gender, suppose that both sexes can develop similar leadership traits (80%). The research claims that female leaders have to be more dynamic and demonstrate higher intelligence (26% vs. 20%) and confidence (20% vs. 15%) than male leaders. Cultural and socio-demographic characteristics do not play a significant role in leadership development (10%). The main cause for the choice of a leader is behavioural and communication characteristics (50%) as well as personal qualities (35%). These results can be used for the online design of distance learning courses in universities (both group and individual), as well as for psychologists to study the aspect of individuals' predisposition to leadership. It makes sense for further research to explore the issue of differences in the perception of educational leadership in Asian and Western European countries based on the cross-cultural aspect, that is, the influence of national culture on the choice of leader in the educational environment.

Well-being among university students in the post-COVID-19 era: a cross-country survey.

University students have to handle crucial challenges for their future lives, such as succeeding in academic studies and finding attachment figures. These processes could potentially involve their well-being and mental health, with possible sociocultural differences based on the country of study. In order to explore such potential differences, a cross-sectional, multi-center survey was performed involving students from the University of Torino (Italy), Sevilla (Spain), and Lusòfona (Portugal). The survey, conducted from May to November 2023, investigated students' demographic and educational details, socioeconomic status, social support, mental health, academic environment, perceived COVID-19 pandemic impact, and future plans. Demographic profiles showed a predominance of female participants and straight sexual orientation, followed by bisexuality. Italian students showed the lowest levels of mental well-being and the highest rates of mental problems (anxiety and depression) and suicidal risk across the three countries despite the relatively similar profiles of social support. The prevalence of the students' confidence in their professional future is higher in Spain than in Italy and Portugal. This study provides a comprehensive examination of university students' mental health and well-being in three Southern European countries, addressing the major mental health challenges among university students and offering valuable insights for public health purposes.