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1.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(6): 1657-1663, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29873893

RESUMEN

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging infectious disease of cattle. Since 2012, it has been seen throughout the Middle East region. The aim of this study was to compare the humoral response of three different dosages of the RM65 sheep pox (SPP) vaccine to assess the use of ten times sheep dose of the RM65 vaccine against lumpy skin disease, and to explore the possible causes of, and characterize the side effects caused by the RM65 vaccine. A blinded randomized collected study comprised 57 clinically normal, Holstein Friesian cattle which were randomly assigned into three experimental groups of 17 cattle according to the vaccine dose used (one, five and ten times the dose used for sheep in the field, and a control group of six cattle that did not receive the vaccine. Experimental animals were monitored closely for the development of any abnormality or side effects. Serum samples were collected for 6 weeks and were tested using serum neutralization assay. Decrease in total milk production was observed a week after vaccination and by the fifth week of the experiment, it had returned to prevaccination levels. Clinical side effects were seen in five animals that belong only to the group that received ten times of the SPP vaccine dose. Observed side effects included fever, decreased feed intake and milk production, as well as skin lesions. Skin nodules appeared between 7 and 17 days postvaccination, and remained for 11-17 days. Systemic reactions were likely to be associated with higher dosage and all affected cattle recovered uneventfully. Animals that received the highest dose (ten times the sheep dose) showed the best humoral response. The actual efficacy of the different concentration of the SPP RM65 should be evaluated based on a challenge experiment in a controlled environment.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/veterinaria , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/prevención & control , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/inmunología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bovinos , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/sangre , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/prevención & control , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/virología , Femenino , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/sangre , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/virología , Masculino , Medio Oriente , Distribución Aleatoria , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/sangre , Vacunas Virales/sangre
2.
Vet Microbiol ; 120(3-4): 343-51, 2007 Mar 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17147979

RESUMEN

Attenuated live classical swine fever (CSF) viruses are the most efficacious vaccines against the disease. However, little is known about the distribution and detection of CSF vaccine viruses in the host. We therefore compared the new recombinant attenuated marker vaccine virus CP7_E2alf with the conventional C-strain vaccine concerning virus isolation, antigen-, and genome-detection in different samples within the first 42 days post-vaccination (p.v.). Leukocytes and several organs such as tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, parotis and kidney were also tested using highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. It was demonstrated that vaccine virus could be detected by live animal sampling only in a few leukocytes samples at very low titres and genome copy numbers within the first 14 days after immunisation. Vaccine virus could also be isolated from individual tonsil samples within the first 6 days after vaccine application. In contrast, vaccine virus genomes were consistently detected in the tonsils up to day 42 by real-time RT-PCR. Distribution, amount of virus and viral genome levels were similar for both tested vaccines. In conclusion, blood samples could be the sample material of choice for detecting CSF wild type virus infection even in vaccinated animals after more than 14 days p.v., while tonsil sampling provided appropriate material for long-term detection of both tested CSF vaccine viruses using real-time RT-PCR methods.


Asunto(s)
Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/aislamiento & purificación , Peste Porcina Clásica/virología , Vacunas Virales/análisis , Animales , Peste Porcina Clásica/prevención & control , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/virología , Tonsila Palatina/virología , ARN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/veterinaria , Bazo/virología , Porcinos , Timo/virología , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/análisis , Vacunas Atenuadas/sangre , Vacunas Atenuadas/normas , Vacunas Marcadoras/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Marcadoras/análisis , Vacunas Sintéticas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Sintéticas/análisis , Vacunas Sintéticas/sangre , Vacunas Sintéticas/normas , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Virales/sangre , Vacunas Virales/normas
3.
J Immunol ; 172(5): 3094-100, 2004 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14978115

RESUMEN

Sterile immunity can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells that recognize parasite-infected hepatocytes. In this study, we have investigated the use of attenuated fowlpox virus (FPV) strains as recombinant vaccine vectors for eliciting CD8(+) T cells against Plasmodium berghei. The gene encoding the P. berghei circumsporozoite (PbCS) protein was inserted into an FPV vaccine strain licensed for use in chickens, Webster's FPV, and the novel FPV vaccine strain FP9 by homologous recombination. The novel FP9 strain proved more potent as a vaccine for eliciting CD8(+) T cell responses against the PbCS Ag. Sequential immunization with rFP9 and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Anakara (MVA) encoding the PbCS protein, administered by clinically acceptable routes, elicited potent CD8(+) T cell responses against the PbCS protein. This immunization regimen elicited substantial protection against a stringent liver-stage challenge with P. berghei and was more immunogenic and protective than DNA/MVA prime/boost immunization. However, further improvement was not achieved by sequential (triple) immunization with a DNA vaccine, FP9, and MVA.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Virus de la Viruela de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Esquemas de Inmunización , Inmunización Secundaria , Vacunas contra la Malaria/administración & dosificación , Malaria/inmunología , Plasmodium berghei/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/sangre , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/genética , Animales , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/parasitología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/virología , Virus de la Viruela de las Aves de Corral/genética , Vectores Genéticos , Inmunización Secundaria/métodos , Hígado/citología , Hígado/inmunología , Malaria/sangre , Malaria/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la Malaria/sangre , Vacunas contra la Malaria/genética , Vacunas contra la Malaria/inmunología , Ratones , Plasmodium berghei/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bazo/citología , Bazo/inmunología , Esporozoítos/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/sangre , Vacunas Atenuadas/genética , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacunas Combinadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Combinadas/inmunología , Vacunas de ADN/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de ADN/sangre , Vacunas de ADN/inmunología
4.
Virus Res ; 55(1): 93-9, 1998 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9712515

RESUMEN

The live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine strain 17D is one of the safest vaccines in use today with only 22 cases of reversion to virulence documented from over 300 million doses administered. We have isolated virus in cell culture from sera of six volunteers who received 17D vaccine and found that very few nucleotide mutations were detected in the consensus sequence of the entire genome of each of the serum viruses. Moreover, most of these mutations accumulated in the non-structural protein genes, especially the NS5 protein gene. Although no nucleotide change was identified in the structural protein genes of any of these six serum viruses, minor sequence heterogeneity existed in the serum virus population. Our results indicate that 17D vaccine virus accumulates mutations at a very low frequency and may explain in part the excellent safety record of 17D vaccine.


Asunto(s)
Mutación , Vacunas Virales/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Variación Genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Vacunas Atenuadas/sangre , Vacunas Atenuadas/genética , Células Vero , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Vacunas Virales/sangre , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla/aislamiento & purificación
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