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1.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 57(2): 46, 2025 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39891832

RESUMEN

Economic efficiency is affected by several traits, and as the unit of selection is the individual, in artificial selection, to promote the maximization of economic genetic gain, the traits to be improved must be weighted by their respective economic values. In Brazil, breeding goals are defined empirically, and not based on an economic evaluation, therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate economic values for traits of economic importance in dairy farming systems based on the use of purebred and crossbred Guzerat animals. The economic values for 305-days milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), and somatic cell count (SCC) were calculated for different production systems based on the feed management: System 1, based on pasture grazing with Brachiaria brizantha or Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça during rainy season, and corn-silage supplementation during the dry season; System 2, based on pasture grazing with Brachiaria brizantha or Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça during rainy season, and the mixture of sugarcane including urea supplementation during the dry season. Bioeconomic models were applied to estimate economic values, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Four selection indexes were defined, each one with different goals: milk (I1), milk + protein yield (I2), I2 + fat yield (I3) and I3 + somatic cell count (I4). The economic values for MY and PY were positive for both production systems. However, for FY, the values were positive for System 2 but negative for System 1. The economic value for SCC was negative (-7.33 per SCS per lactation). The selection responses for I1 were higher than those for I2, I3 and I4, for both production systems. I4 presented the highest expected genetic gain for each trait, except for fat yield, whose expected genetic gain was greater with the use of I2, in both production systems. The results indicates that the inclusion of milk quality traits in the selection index provides better economic return, and due to the small differences in expected genetic superiority, I1 is still the most suitable for crossbred Guzerat herds whose main activity is milk production in Brazil.


Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Industria Lechera , Leche , Animales , Brasil , Industria Lechera/economía , Industria Lechera/métodos , Leche/economía , Leche/química , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/fisiología , Cruzamiento/economía , Femenino , Lactancia , Selección Genética , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Alimentación Animal/economía , Brachiaria/genética , Recuento de Células/veterinaria
2.
PLoS One ; 20(2): e0314888, 2025.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39899530

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of genetic variance explained by single nucleotide polymorphism markers, individually or clustered in 1, 2, and 5 Mb windows, for milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat content, protein content, and somatic cell score in Mexican Holstein cattle. The analysis included data from 640,746 lactation records of 358,857 cows born between 1979 and 2019, distributed in 353 herds in 18 states of Mexico. The analysis included genotypic data on 7,713 cows and 577 sires, with information on 88,911 markers previously imputed and filtered by quality control. Genomic scans via the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method were performed using BLUPF90 software. A total of 162 markers were significantly associated (p<0.01) with the phenotypic traits evaluated, and the SNP markers were distributed across chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 29. When the size of the genomic windows was increased from 1 to 5 Mb, a greater proportion of genetic variance was explained by the SNPs within the window, and a greater number of windows explained more than 1% of the genetic variance. The most significant regions were associated with two or more phenotypic traits, such as one region on chromosome 14 that harbors the DGAT1, EXOSC4, PPP1R16A, and FOXH1 genes, which affect all the traits under study. In general, the utilization of genomic windows resulted in a greater proportion of genetic variance explained by milk production traits.


Asunto(s)
Lactancia , Leche , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Bovinos/genética , Leche/metabolismo , México , Femenino , Lactancia/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Fenotipo , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Genómica/métodos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Masculino
3.
Sci Rep ; 15(1): 4113, 2025 Feb 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39900660

RESUMEN

Lethal alleles are mutations in the genome that cause embryonic losses in affected homozygous embryos and, therefore, can negatively influence reproduction rates in commercial populations. Thus, this study aimed to identify genomic regions containing potential lethal haplotypes in Nellore breed; identify candidate genes located within these regions; and investigate the reproductive performance of heterozygous carriers of lethal haplotypes in Nellore cattle. Forty-five genomic regions harboring putative lethal haplotypes were identified, which overlap with 360 genes. Gene ontology analyses of these genes revealed biological processes associated with the development of sexual traits in males and females, key functions of the immune system, energy homeostasis, and embryonic development. The gene networks were involved in metabolic pathways including ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte meiosis, and insulin secretion. Matings between carrier dam and carrier sire led to a reduction of up to -203.46% in pregnancy success probability, an increase of 275.15% in probability of pregnancy loss, 295.03% for stillbirth occurrence, and 301.40% for pre-weaning mortality when compared to non-carrier dam and sire matings. The results highlight the importance of identifying animals that are carriers of lethal haplotypes to avoid the propagation of these haplotypes in the population.


Asunto(s)
Haplotipos , Reproducción , Animales , Bovinos/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Reproducción/genética , Embarazo , Genes Letales , Genoma , Cruzamiento
4.
Vet Ital ; 61(1)2025 Jan 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39873196

RESUMEN

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a pathogen of high importance for the dairy industry. Currently, twelve genotypes have been described worldwide with different pathogenicity and virulence, so it is critical to evaluate the circulating genotypes in each country/region to associate this information with risk situations. The aim of this work was to perform a phylogenetic and mutational analysis of the BLV tax gene in cows that belong to specialized dairies in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. A conventional PCR for the tax gene was performed on 86 bovine samples. Sanger sequencing was carried out on 22 PCR products with a size of 959 bp. The sequences obtained were aligned and analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic approaches. A predictor was used to analyze the possible impact of amino acid substitution on the Tax structure and function. Although all sequences were found to belong to genotype 1, four of the 22 sequences were grouped into a different subclade G1A. Fifty percent of the samples showed punctual mutations in their amino acids. Mutation S104L was identified as "possibly harmful," while the V146A change found in all subclade G1A samples was identified as "possibly benign." Although further studies are necessary to determine whether there is an effect of these mutations on the development of the disease, this study presents part of the evolution of the virus and the changes at the amino acid level that are occurring in cattle from specialized dairy farms in Antioquia.


Asunto(s)
Industria Lechera , Virus de la Leucemia Bovina , Filogenia , Colombia , Animales , Virus de la Leucemia Bovina/genética , Bovinos , Análisis Mutacional de ADN/veterinaria , Leucosis Bovina Enzoótica/virología , Femenino , Genotipo , Productos del Gen tax/genética , Mutación
5.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 57: 101162, 2025 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39855850

RESUMEN

Paraguay, an agricultural country in South America, has a high prevalence of tick infestations in its cattle population due to warm temperatures, high humidity, and extensive grazing management practices. Consequently, Babesia infections, which are transmitted by ticks, might have a wide distribution in Paraguay, but the current status of these infections remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to assess the infection status of three clinically significant Babesia species, including Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia naoakii, among cattle populations in Paraguay. Blood samples were collected from a total of 326 cattle across nine departments in Paraguay, and their DNAs were screened with species-specific PCR assays. Of the surveyed cattle, single infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in 24 (7.4 %) and 127 (39.0 %), respectively, while co-infection with both the parasite species was detected in 38 (11.7 %). In contrast, all of the surveyed cattle were negative for B. naoakii infection. The prevalence of B. bigemina-single infection was higher in the Eastern region (49.0 %) compared to the Western region (34.6 %), in cattle under extensive management (51.3 %) compared to those under semi-intensive management (34.6 %), and in Bos indicus cattle (50.3 %) compared to Bos taurus (15.8 %). Our findings demonstrated a wide distribution of B. bovis and B. bigemina infections among cattle in Paraguay, underscoring the importance of implementing effective control measures to reduce the potential economic losses associated with bovine babesiosis.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Animales , Bovinos , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Paraguay/epidemiología , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Epidemiología Molecular , ADN Protozoario/genética , Babesia bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia bovis/genética
6.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 57: 101183, 2025 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39855869

RESUMEN

Buxtonella sulcata is an intestine ciliate protozoa whose presence in the cattle intestine has been associated with diarrhea episodes. Despite its cosmopolitan distribution, it has yet to be reported in previous studies on cattle in Chile. This study aimed to morphologically and molecularly identify cysts of Balantoides coli-like found in seven cattle samples admitted for parasitological analysis to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, as the ciliate Buxtonella sulcata. Seven fecal samples from three individuals from the Chimbarongo district, O'Higgins region of Chile, and four individuals from the South Campus of the University of Chile, La Pintana district, Metropolitan Region of Chile, were analyzed by sedimentation technique. Then, DNA was extracted from the positive samples, and a PCR was performed, amplifying the ITS1-5.8S-rRNA-ITS2 region. The resulting sequences were aligned with reported sequence variants for this molecular marker and other sequences available in public databases to generate a phylogenetic tree. Our result showed structures compatible with cysts of ciliate organisms in all analyzed samples. The DNA of six out of seven samples was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences obtained from the isolates correspond to B. sulcata, confirming its presence in Chile. Polymorphisms associated with sequence variants A and B of the ITS1-5.8S-rRNA-ITS2 region were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that all isolates in the present study were similar and clustered in the same clade. Thus, the present study represents the first molecular detection of the protozoan B. sulcata in cattle in Chile.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Infecciones por Cilióforos , Cilióforos , Heces , Animales , Bovinos , Chile/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Cilióforos/clasificación , Cilióforos/genética , Cilióforos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Cilióforos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Cilióforos/parasitología , Infecciones por Cilióforos/epidemiología , Heces/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria
7.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 57(2): 32, 2025 Jan 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39849164

RESUMEN

This study was realized to evaluate the influence of monensin, virginiamycin,trace minerals and yeast combination on animal performance, feed efficiency, in situ digestibility, feeding behavior, and carcass and meat characteristics from bulls finished in feedlot fed high-grain diet. A total of 36 (European vs. Nellore) bulls at 24 ± 3.2 months of age and with a body weight (BW) of 385.5 ± 3.84 kg were used in a completely randomized design. The four experimental diets were: CONT - without additives; MONE - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin/kg of DM; MOVI - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin + 30 mg of virginiamycin/kg of DM; MOMY - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin/kg of DM + 0.3 g/kg of BW of trace minerals and yeast. Final body weight was higher (P < 0.05) for the bulls fed MOVI (558.7 kg) and MOMY (554.6 kg) diets, intermediate for bulls fed MONE (529.3 kg) diet, and lower for bulls fed CONT (514.6 kg) diet. Likewise, the average daily gain was higher (P < 0.01) for bulls fed MOVI and MOMY (2.02 kg/d), intermediate for bulls fed MONE (1.72 kg/d), diet and lower for bulls fed CONT (1.57 kg/d) diets. Dry matter intake and other nutrients were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, feed conversion improved (P < 0.05) for bulls fed MOVI and MOMY diets. Animals fed MOVI and MOMY spent more time ruminating compared to animals fed CONT and MONE (P = 0.034) diets. The carcass weights, carcass dressing and backfat thickness were greater (P < 0.05) for the bulls fed MOVI and MOMY diets. In conclusion, the inclusion of monensin or a combination of monensin + virginiamycin or monensin + trace minerals and yeast resulted in higher animal performance and improved feed efficiency.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Dieta , Monensina , Virginiamicina , Animales , Monensina/administración & dosificación , Monensina/farmacología , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Virginiamicina/farmacología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Oligoelementos/administración & dosificación , Oligoelementos/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Distribución Aleatoria , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Grano Comestible , Carne/análisis
8.
PLoS One ; 20(1): e0317434, 2025.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39847583

RESUMEN

This work aimed to evaluate the use of Visible and Near-infrared Spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) as a tool in the classification of bovine carcasses. A total of 133 animals (77 females, 29 males surgically castrated and 27 males immunologically castrated) were used. Vis-NIRS spectra were collected in a chilling room 24 h postmortem directly on the hanging carcasses over the longissimus thoracis between the surface of the 5th and 6th ribs. The data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. For the prediction of sex, the best model was the Standard Normal Variate (SNV) because it presented a relatively high coefficient of determination for prediction, presenting a percentage of correctness of 75.51% and an error of 24.49%. Regarding age, none of the models were able to differentiate the samples through Vis-NIRS. The findings confirm that Vis-NIRS prediction models are a valuable tool for differentiating carcasses based on sex. To further enhance the precision of these predictions, we recommend using Vis-NIRS equipment with the full infrared wavelength range to collect and predict sex and age in intact beef samples.


Asunto(s)
Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Animales , Bovinos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Análisis de Componente Principal , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Carne Roja/análisis , Carne/análisis
9.
J Appl Oral Sci ; 32: e20240211, 2025.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39813584

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effects of a single-dose radiation therapy (15 Gy) on grafted and non-grafted defects, bone microarchitecture, and collagen maturity. METHODOLOGY: Bone defects were surgically created in rat femurs. The right femur defect was filled with blood clot (group "Clot") and the left femur defect by deproteinized bovine bone mineral graft (group "Xenograft"). The animals were divided into two groups: without radiation therapy (nRTX) and with radiation therapy (RTX). Microtomographic (bone volume fraction, BV/TV; trabecular thickness, Tb.Th; trabecular number, Tb.N; trabecular separation, Tb.Sp), histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed 14 days after the surgery. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to compare the groups (α=5%). RESULTS: Microtomographic analysis revealed that radiation therapy led to smaller BV/TV and Tb.N in both Clot and Xenograft groups. Regardless of radiation therapy, defects filled with xenografts showed a larger Tb.N. In contrast, the Clot group demonstrated increased BV/TV and Tb.Th. The histomorphometric results were consistent with those obtained by microtomography. Intermediately and densely packed collagen were predominant among the groups. Histological analysis revealed disorganized bone formation bridging the cortical borders of the lesions in the RTX group. The involvement of primary bone with graft particles was commonly observed in all xenograft groups, and radiation therapy did not affect the percentage of bone-graft contact. CONCLUSION: Single-dose radiation therapy affected bone repair, resulting in a smaller amount of newly formed bone in both grafted and non-grafted defects.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante Óseo , Colágeno , Fémur , Ratas Wistar , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Animales , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Fémur/efectos de la radiación , Factores de Tiempo , Masculino , Colágeno/efectos de la radiación , Bovinos , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Resultado del Tratamiento , Sustitutos de Huesos , Valores de Referencia , Ratas
10.
Pathogens ; 14(1)2025 Jan 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39861023

RESUMEN

Hemoparasitic diseases represent a significant problem with a considerable impact on tropical and subtropical areas of the world. These conditions cause economic losses associated with multi-organic failure and even the death of animals. In these areas, the hemoparasites are transmitted in an enzootic cycle when infectious cattle, such as persistently infected animals, including cows, contribute to the success of transmission. However, the factors associated with transmission have always been considered environmental issues, disregarding herd management and practices. In this sense, we conducted a cross-sectional study sampling 360 female cattle older than one year to identify infectious cattle using the PCR technique. We employed a dichotomic questionnaire for association analyses in 150 herds of the southern Andean region of Colombia. Overall prevalence with infectious cattle was 52.5% for Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Trypanosoma spp., and the significant risk factors (p < 0.05) included geographic area, animal weight, purchase of cattle for fattening, disinfection of clothing after contact with neighboring animals, self-medication, separation of animals in pens, supply of mineralized salt, presence of livestock from other owners on the farm, prevention of joint trauma, documented milking routine, and sending blood samples for analysis. These practices permitted the maintenance of persistently infected animals and their movement to shed the agents to other animals in the presence of vectors. This suggests the importance of implementing comprehensive control and training measures to reduce the infectious cattle and, therefore, the profitability of dual-purpose livestock farms in the Andean region of southwestern Colombia.


Asunto(s)
Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Animales , Bovinos , Colombia/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Femenino , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/transmisión , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Trypanosoma/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Crianza de Animales Domésticos
11.
Pathogens ; 14(1)2025 Jan 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39861026

RESUMEN

Ehrlichioses, caused by Ehrlichia species, are tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. in 530 animals (155 Dromedary camels, 199 goats, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in the Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia. Blood DNA samples were tested for PCR targeting dsb and sodB genes of Ehrlichia spp. and PCS20 and map1 genes of E. ruminantium. The obtained sequences were submitted for phylogenetic analyses. Ehrlichia spp. were detected in 26.4% (140/530) of animals by dsb-PCR, with the highest prevalence in dromedary camels (54.8%), followed by cattle (29.8%), goats (7.0%), and sheep (4.4%). Dromedary camels, cattle, and goats had significantly higher infection odds compared to sheep (p < 0.05). Among dsb-PCR-positive samples, 76.9% (30/39) of cattle tested sodB-positive, while other species were negative. E. ruminantium was detected in 13.7% (18/131) of cattle by pCS20-PCR, but none were positive for the map1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed E. minasensis in camels, sheep, and goats and E. ruminantium in cattle, marking the first molecular evidence of E. minasensis in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats globally, and E. ruminantium in cattle from Somalia. These findings emphasize the need for further research on its economic and public health impact.


Asunto(s)
Camelus , Ehrlichia , Cabras , Filogenia , Animales , Camelus/microbiología , Cabras/microbiología , Somalia/epidemiología , Ehrlichia/genética , Ehrlichia/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/microbiología , Ovinos/microbiología , Bovinos , Rumiantes/microbiología , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ADN Bacteriano/genética
12.
Vet Res Commun ; 49(2): 93, 2025 Jan 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39875713

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Trypanosoma vivax is transmitted via rectal palpation in cattle, using the same glove with different blood scores, from an animal with an acute infection of this protozoan. In addition, the efficacy of iodine as disinfectant, together with water with or without the presence of feces, to prevent the transmission of T. vivax in cattle during the rectal palpation process was evaluated in the laboratory and animals. A total of four stages were carried out, using a total of 103 animals. Stage 1 aimed to verify the presence of trypomastigote forms of T. vivax in palpation gloves after rectal palpation. Stage 2 consisted of checking the blood scores on a palpation glove and how many animals become infected with T. vivax through rectal palpation by reusing the same glove with different blood scores. Stage 3 verified the disinfectant action of 0.5% iodine in the laboratory and in the field. Stage 4 verified the disinfectant action of 1% iodine in the field. Based on the results found, for the first time, the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was proven using the same glove. From one animal with acute infection by this protozoan, two to five other cattle became infected, depending on the glove blood scores. Disinfecting the glove in a 0.5% iodine solution inhibited the transmission rate of T. vivax among cattle by 70 to 80%. Disinfecting the glove in 1% iodine solution was 100% effective. This work fills gaps in the existing literature, as the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was demonstrated using the same glove.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Yodo , Trypanosoma vivax , Tripanosomiasis Africana , Animales , Bovinos , Yodo/farmacología , Yodo/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Trypanosoma vivax/efectos de los fármacos , Tripanosomiasis Africana/veterinaria , Tripanosomiasis Africana/transmisión , Tripanosomiasis Africana/prevención & control , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Desinfectantes/administración & dosificación , Tacto Rectal/veterinaria , Recto/parasitología , Guantes Protectores
13.
PLoS One ; 20(1): e0318007, 2025.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39847603

RESUMEN

Salmonella Dublin is a serovar that causes severe infections and cattle. Despite the importance of this agent, research on achieving its elimination from dairy farms is limited, which complicates risk mitigation and control efforts. This study thus aimed to assess the prevalence of S. Dublin on a farm with a history of outbreaks, to understand the dynamics of the infection, characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates, and evaluate their genetic similarity. Multiparous cows in the postpartum phase are nearly five times more likely to shed Salmonella sp. A total of 39 cases of fatal septicemic salmonellosis caused by S. Dublin were confirmed in calves aged 3-5 months. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in 45 strains of S. Dublin, with 48.9% of the isolates classified as multidrug resistant, including resistance to penicillin (48.9%), tetracyclines (42.2%), and fluoroquinolones (33.3%). Seven multidrug-resistant isolates were selected for genomic sequencing. Among the resistance determinants identified, a mutation in the gyrA gene, present in all sequenced isolates, was notable. Analyses of cgMLST and SNPs revealed that the isolates from healthy animals were closely related to those found in animals with confirmed cases of S. Dublin, confirming that the agent was circulating among healthy animals across various categories. A high similarity was also found between the isolates in this study and strains causing salmonellosis in humans in Brazil, thus reinforcing the zoonotic nature and possible epidemiological link between cattle, and the occurrence of this disease in humans.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Salmonelosis Animal , Animales , Bovinos , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Industria Lechera , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella/genética
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 26(2)2025 Jan 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39859202

RESUMEN

RNA-seq technology has been widely used for the characterization of the transcriptome profile induced by several diseases in both humans and animals. In the present study, RNA-seq was used to identify the differential expression of genes associated with the immune response in cattle infected with two different strains of Babesia bigemina, both derived from the same Mexican field isolate, which exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics: the virulent strain, capable of producing acute clinical signs, and the attenuated strain, capable of stimulating a protective immune response when used as an immunogen with an efficacy greater than 80%. The differential gene expression analysis performed revealed a total of 620 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, the intersection of the edgeR and DESeq2 programs used in the bioinformatics analysis only identified 247 DEGs, of which 108 genes were enriched to be closely correlated with the bovine immune response based on gene ontology terms; most of the DEGs obtained encode proteins associated with the major histocompatibility complex, immunoglobulins, and T-cell surface receptors. The infection caused by the attenuated strain induced higher transcription of immune response genes compared to the infection caused by the virulent strain; nonetheless, in both infections, a greater down-regulation than up-regulation was observed. Different immunoglobulin-associated genes were found to be up-regulated in the group inoculated with the attenuated strain, whereas these were down-regulated in the virulent strain-inoculated group. In addition, an up-regulation of the HSPA6, CD163, and SLC11a1 genes was observed in the group inoculated with the virulent strain, previously reported in other Apicomplexan infections. The findings provide relevant information that could contribute to clarifying the immune response associated with an acute bovine babesiosis infection by B. bigemina.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Bovinos , Animales , Babesia/inmunología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/patogenicidad , Babesiosis/inmunología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/genética , Transcriptoma , Virulencia/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Biología Computacional/métodos , Inmunidad/genética , Ontología de Genes
15.
BMC Vet Res ; 21(1): 24, 2025 Jan 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39819649

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a widely distributed and multifactorial syndrome, leading to significant economic losses to the cattle industry. Many viruses are considered causative agents of BRDC, including bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and parainfluenza virus 3 (PI-3). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, and PI-3 in serum samples collected from cattle in Villavicencio, Colombia. A total of 725 animals from 29 herds were sampled and tested for BoHV-1 and BRSV using ELISA. For PI-3, 440 animals were selected from 24 herds and tested using ELISA. An epidemiological survey collected information on animal characteristics, management practices, health, and environmental factors. Seroprevalence rates for each disease were determined, and a bivariate analysis was performed using a contingency table with odds ratios and Pearson's Chi-square test. RESULTS: The seroprevalence rates were 44.9% for BoHV-1, 94.3% for BRSV, and 85.9% for PI-3. At the herd level, the seroprevalence was above 95% for all tested viruses. Two simultaneous risk factors for all three diseases were identified: female sex and age over 3 years. The risk factors for BoHV-1 were the sale of animals, purchase of animals, history of abortions, and Brahman breed. Conversely, artificial insemination was a protective factor. For BRSV, the purchase of animals was a risk factor, and the history of abortions correlated to PI-3 seropositivity. No significant correlation between the three diseases was identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high prevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, and PI-3, underscoring the need for preventive measures against these non-officially notified diseases in Colombia.


Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Virus de la Parainfluenza 3 Bovina , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Bovino , Animales , Bovinos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/inmunología , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Virus de la Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/inmunología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Bovino/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/veterinaria , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Respirovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Respirovirus/veterinaria
16.
BMC Genomics ; 26(1): 26, 2025 Jan 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39794685

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The profitability of the beef industry is directly influenced by the fertility rate and reproductive performance of both males and females, which can be improved through selective breeding. When performing genomic analyses, genetic markers located on the X chromosome have been commonly ignored despite the X chromosome being one of the largest chromosomes in the cattle genome. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate variance components and genetic parameters for eighteen male and five female fertility and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle including X chromosome markers in the analyses; and (2) perform genome-wide association studies and functional genomic analyses to better understand the genetic background of male and female fertility and reproductive performance traits in Nellore cattle. RESULTS: The percentage of the total direct heritability (h2total) explained by the X chromosome markers (h2x) ranged from 3 to 32% (average: 16.4%) and from 9 to 67% (average: 25.61%) for female reproductive performance and male fertility traits, respectively. Among the traits related to breeding soundness evaluation, the overall bull and semen evaluation and semen quality traits accounted for the highest proportion of h2x relative to h2total with an average of 39.5% and 38.75%, respectively. The total number of significant genomic markers per trait ranged from 7 (seminal vesicle width) to 43 (total major defects). The number of significant markers located on the X chromosome ranged from zero to five. A total of 683, 252, 694, 382, 61, and 77 genes overlapped with the genomic regions identified for traits related to female reproductive performance, semen quality, semen morphology, semen defects, overall bulls' fertility evaluation, and overall semen evaluation traits, respectively. The key candidate genes located on the X chromosome are PRR32, STK26, TMSB4X, TLR7, PRPS2, SMS, SMARCA1, UTP14A, and BCORL1. The main gene ontology terms identified are "Oocyte Meiosis", "Progesterone Mediated Oocyte Maturation", "Thermogenesis", "Sperm Flagellum", and "Innate Immune Response". CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the key role of genes located on the X chromosome on the phenotypic variability of male and female reproduction and fertility traits in Nellore cattle. Breeding programs aiming to improve these traits should consider adding the information from X chromosome markers in their genomic analyses.


Asunto(s)
Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Reproducción , Análisis de Semen , Cromosoma X , Bovinos/genética , Animales , Cromosoma X/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Reproducción/genética , Fertilidad/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Fenotipo , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Marcadores Genéticos
17.
Theriogenology ; 235: 162-167, 2025 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39827812

RESUMEN

This study compared the reproductive performance of three different programs using conventional fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and their combined use, considering estrus intensity as a criterion for the reproductive program. Brangus multiparous cows (n = 1.100), 40-50 days postpartum, 4-8 years old, and body condition scores 2.50 of 4.50 underwent a protocol for ovulation synchronization based on progesterone (P4) and estradiol on D0. On D10, one of three Programs I-III was implemented: control FTAI (n = 147 cows), control FTET (n = 617) with embryos from in vitro production (IVP) on D17, or FTAI + FTET (n = 336), where cows with low or no estrus expression were inseminated on D10, similar to Program I, while those with high-intensity expression received one embryo from IVP on D17, similar to Program II. Corpus luteum (CL) size and quality were assessed using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound on D17. The service/utilization rate was higher for FTAI and combined FTAI + FTET than for the conventional FTET. The program that used only FTAI resulted in higher pregnancy at 30 and 60 days, as well as lower pregnancy loss, compared to programs that used embryos. Furthermore, the FTAI + FTET program showed reduced pregnancy loss, compared to the FTET program. In the combined program, the CL was greater in those who received FTET alone than in those who received FTAI alone. A higher proportion of recipients with CL with a high luteal blood perfusion score was observed in the FTET group compared to the FTAI group. Satisfactory reproductive rates can be achieved using conventional FTAI or FTET programs. However, the combined program, associated with monitoring the intensity of estrus expression, is a promising strategy for allocating females with absent or low estrus expression to FTAI, and those with high estrus intensity to FTET. Recipients with high-intensity expression had higher CL quality and, when transferred, maintained satisfactory reproductive performance compared with conventional FTET.


Asunto(s)
Transferencia de Embrión , Sincronización del Estro , Inseminación Artificial , Animales , Bovinos/fisiología , Femenino , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Transferencia de Embrión/métodos , Embarazo , Sincronización del Estro/métodos , Estro/fisiología , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Progesterona/sangre
18.
Theriogenology ; 235: 231-244, 2025 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39874799

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate the changes induced by the culture system and the effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol on collagen fibers, stromal cells, follicle growth and survival, as well as antioxidant enzyme activity in cultured bovine ovarian tissues. In experiment 1, bovine ovarian fragments were cultured in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM+) for 6 days. Before and after culturing, the fragments were fixed and processed to assess follicular morphology and diameters, stromal cell survival, collagen fibers, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Uncultured and cultured tissues were also used to measure mRNA expression for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and peroxiredoxin (PRDX). Thiol levels and activity of CAT, SOD, and GPX enzymes were also investigated. In experiment 2, bovine ovarian fragments were cultured in α-MEM+ alone or supplemented with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid or both 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 20 µM resveratrol for 6 days. In experiment 1, cultured tissues had higher percentages of growing follicles, but higher percentage of degenerated follicles than uncultured slices (P < 0.05). Additionally, the collagen and GAGs network became disorganized, with reduced deposition around primordial and primary follicles (P < 0.05). The number of stromal and granulosa cells, as well as follicular and oocyte diameters were reduced in both follicular categories compared to uncultured tissue (P < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for CAT, SOD, GPX, and PRDX was downregulated in 6-day cultured tissues (P < 0.05). Similarly, thiol levels and CAT activity were also reduced (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, ascorbic acid or both ascorbic acid and resveratrol increased the rate of follicular diameters and survival, and the number of granulosa and stromal cells compared to tissues cultured in the control medium (P < 0.05). Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol improved collagen density and preserved the GAG network, as well as increased thiol levels and CAT activity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in vitro culture of ovarian tissue favored follicular activation, but reduced the proportion of normal follicles, collagen, GAG network, stromal cell numbers, and tissue antioxidant protection. Ascorbic acid alone or in association with resveratrol improved the preservation of extracellular matrix components and enhanced follicular survival.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Matriz Extracelular , Folículo Ovárico , Resveratrol , Animales , Femenino , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Bovinos , Resveratrol/farmacología , Matriz Extracelular/efectos de los fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Tejidos/veterinaria , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo
19.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 27(6): 3032-3044, 2025 Feb 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39820299

RESUMEN

The influence on the mobility of polypeptide chains caused by strain misfit due to molecular electric dipole distortions under applied electric fields up to 769 kV m-1, in cow cortical femur samples annealed at 373 K, 423 K, and 530 K, is determined. The behaviour of strain misfit as a function of the electric field strength is determined from a mean-field model based on the Eshelby theory. In addition, Friedel's model for describing the mobility of dislocations in continuum media has been modified to determine the interaction energy between electrically generated obstacles and the polypeptide chains. Depending on the denaturation states from the bones due to the annealing treatments, the different locations of the activated dipoles and their effects on the mobility of the polypeptide chains were determined. Furthermore, it was also determined that dahllite does not affect the degree of chain mobility under an applied electric field. Dynamic mechanical analysis measurements conducted under a high electric field, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry are used in the present work. To our knowledge, this is the first time dynamic mechanical analysis studies have been carried out on bones subjected to high electric fields.


Asunto(s)
Electricidad , Fémur , Péptidos , Bovinos , Animales , Fémur/química , Péptidos/química
20.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 280: 110885, 2025 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39847848

RESUMEN

Waste milk (WM) is commonly used in calf feeding to reduce rearing costs; however, its effects on the innate immune response remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of WM on the innate immune response and inflammatory profile of pre-weaned dairy calves. Thirty male Holstein calves were assigned to receive pasteurized waste milk (PWM), saleable milk (SM), and WM (n = 10 in each group). Blood samples were collected on D7, D21, D35, D49, and D63 (days of life) to assess the white blood cell (WBC) count, phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), and nitric oxide (NO) production by monocyte-derived macrophages, in addition to the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers and haptoglobin concentration. A trend towards a higher occurrence of respiratory disease was detected in calves that received WM, followed by PWM. A group effect (P = 0.00) was observed in absolute monocyte values, with higher values found in the WM group. Only the TBARS concentration showed a group × time interaction among all oxidative stress biomarkers, with the highest mean found in calves receiving WM, followed by those receiving PWM and SM. Elevated TBARS concentrations indicated higher lipid peroxidation, which may have resulted from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to immune challenges from ingesting pathogens present in WM. Haptoglobin concentration was unaffected. WM promoted lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting a pro-inflammatory effect. The time-effects of PMN phagocytosis reflected the development of the immune system in neonatal calves, which is consistent with previous studies.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata , Leche , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Bovinos/inmunología , Masculino , Leche/inmunología , Fagocitosis , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/veterinaria , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Haptoglobinas/análisis , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis
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