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Objetivo: conhecer a percepção, os fatores de risco e de proteção associados à saúde mental de estudantes adolescentes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, participativa, mediada pelo Método Criativo Sensível por meio da 'Dinâmica de Criatividade e Sensibilidade Corpo Saber'. A produção de dados ocorreu em 2022, com 10 adolescentes de uma escola pública no Sul do Brasil. Resultados: na percepção dos adolescentes, a saúde mental relaciona-se a sentimentos negativos, relacionamentos interpessoais conflituosos, violência e bullying. Como proteção, utilizam estratégias de alívio emocional, como convívio social, amizades, namoros, atividades de lazer e uso de drogas lícitas ou ilícitas. Conclusões: na percepção dos estudantes, estão expostos a problemas de saúde mental, destacando o uso de substâncias psicoativas e a lesão autoprovocada como fatores de risco o uso de substâncias psicoativas e a lesão autoprovocada. Em contrapartida, enaltecem como fatores de proteção as relações afetivas e sociais e em sua totalidade.

Objective: to understand the perception, risk factors, and protective factors associated with the mental health of adolescent students. Method: qualitative, participatory research, mediated by the Sensitive Creative Method through the 'Dynamics of Creativity and Sensitivity Body Knowledge'. Data production took place in 2022, with 10 teenagers from a public school in Southern Brazil. Results: in the perception of adolescents, mental health is related to negative feelings, conflicting interpersonal relationships, violence and bullying. For protection, they use emotional relief strategies such as social interaction, friendships, dating, leisure activities, and the use of legal or illicit drugs. Conclusions: in the perception of students' adolescents, they are exposed to mental health problems, with the use of psychoactive substances and self-harm as risk factors. Conversely, they highlight affective and social relationships as protective factors.

Objetivo: comprender la percepción, los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores asociados a la salud mental de adolescentes estudiantes. Método: investigación cualitativa y participativa, utilizando el Método Creativo Sensible mediante la 'Dinámica de la Creatividad y la Sensibilidad del Cuerpo Saber'. Los datos se copilaron en 2022, con 10 adolescentes de una escuela pública del sur de Brasil. Resultados: en la percepción de los adolescentes, la salud mental está relacionada con sentimientos negativos, relaciones interpersonales conflictivas, violencia y bullying. Como protección utilizan estrategias de alivio emocional como la interacción social, las amistades, las citas, las actividades de ocio y el uso de drogas legales o ilícitas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes se expuestos a problemas de salud mental, considerando el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y las autolesiones como factores de riesgo. En contraste, destacan las relaciones afectivas y sociales como factores protectores.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of bullying practices and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents, according to the National Survey of School Health 2019. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling. The outcome variable, bullying practice, was assessed by the question: "In the last 30 days, have you mocked, ridiculed, teased, intimidated, or bullied any of your schoolmates to the point that they felt hurt, upset, offended, or humiliated?" (yes/no). Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, family environment, mental health, and risk behaviors were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: 12.1% (95%CI 11.7-12.6) of adolescents reported bullying others. Positive associations were found among boys (PR 1.66; 95%CI 1.55-1.77); self-declared Black (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.11-1.36) and brown (PR 1.1; 95%CI 1.02-1.18) adolescents; private school students (PR 1.29; 95%CI 1.21-1.37); those who felt lonely (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.26); thought life was not worth living (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.19-1.39); were physically assaulted by a family member (PR 1.67; 95%CI 1.55-1.79); skipped classes (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.15-1.31); used tobacco (PR 1.34; 95%CI 1.22-1.47), alcohol (PR 1.38; 95%CI 1.28-1.50), and drugs (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.04-1.31) regularly; and had sexual relations (PR 1.26; 95%CI 1.18-1.35). Ages 16 and 17 (PR 0.82; 95%CI 0.76-0.89) and family supervision were protective factors (PR 0.70; 95%CI 0.66-0.75). CONCLUSION: Bullying was more likely among boys, younger adolescents, those with family and mental health issues, and those engaged in risk behaviors. The importance of practices, such as family supervision in preventing bullying, is highlighted.

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Dating violence during adolescence is a global public health issue due to its widespread occurrence and negative health consequences. Unfortunately, research addressing this topic in Latin American countries remains limited. Seeking to bridge this gap, the present study estimated the prevalence of both dating violence victimization and perpetration among high schoolers considering sociodemographic factors, exposure to other forms of violence, and school-related characteristics. A total of 539 students participated in the study selected by means of probabilistic sampling from private and public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dating violence was identified using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. Victimization prevalence ranged from 16.7% (sexual) to 94.6% (emotional), whereas perpetration prevalence varied between 9.9% (sexual) and 94.6% (emotional). Boys were more physically victimized (37.2% vs. 24.5%) and perpetrated more sexual abuse (13.7% vs. 6.9%) than girls. Adolescents reporting child abuse, living in violent areas, and those who consumed alcoholic beverages more frequently had greater dating violence prevalence overall. However, some differences between male and female vulnerability characteristics merit debate. These heterogeneous profiles of victimization/perpetration between boys and girls indicate the need for specific dating violence prevention interventions.

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BACKGROUND: Bullying has been identified as a risk factor for many issues among adolescents. Although it was already considered a public health issue in Brazil before the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how the pandemic and associated public health measures have affected bullying behavior. OBJECTIVE: To explore changes in bullying victimization and perpetration among Brazilian high school students from 2019 to 2022. METHODS: This study utilizes data from the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Lifestyle (ELEVA), employing a repeated cross-sectional with a nested cohort design. Adolescents (n = 1.987, 50.2% female, mean age 16.4 years) answered a questionnaire and bullying-related information were extracted from two different questions for victims and perpetrators. Multilevel logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Bullying victimization decreased from 46% (95% CI: 40-52%) in 2019 to 30% (95% CI: 24-36%) in 2022 (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30-0.69, p < 0.05) in the longitudinal sample. Stable prevalences of bullying victimization (44% in 2019, 40% in 2022, p = 0.090) and perpetration (9.7% in 2019. 8.7% in 2022, p = 0.5) were observed within the repeated cross-sectional sample. CONCLUSION: This study found a significant decrease in bullying victimization among Brazilian high school students from 2019 to 2022 in the longitudinal sample, which coincides with the decrease in bullying behavior associated with getting older. However, the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration remained relatively stable and high in the repeated cross-sectional sample. These findings highlight the need for effective policies and interventions to prevent bullying among high school students. Additionally, providing resources and support for students experiencing bullying could be beneficial.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with externalizing behaviors. Whereas some ACEs affect individual children (i.e., child-specific; e.g., failing a grade), others affect the family unit (i.e., family-wide; e.g., parent losing a job); effects of ACEs on externalizing behavior may manifest differently across groupings of ACEs. Moreover, birth order may modify the association between child-specific and family-wide ACEs and externalizing behavior due to differences in the experience of being a younger versus older sibling. This study examined the externalizing behavior of siblings in relation to their experiences of child-specific and family-wide ACEs to test the hypothesis that younger siblings are at greater risk for developing externalizing symptoms following familial ACE exposure. Participants were 61 sibling pairs (younger sibling Mage = 11.37 years, 44.1% male; older sibling Mage = 13.1 years, 52.5% male) recruited from six schools in the northeastern United States. Parents rated each child's externalizing behaviors (e.g., bullying, meanness) and retrospectively reported on each child's experience of 34 ACEs; two raters categorized ACEs as child-specific (n = 10) or family-wide (n = 24). Multilevel modeling revealed that both child-specific and family-wide ACEs were associated with increased externalizing behaviors. Birth order moderated the effect of family-wide (but not child-specific) ACEs on externalizing behaviors, independent of sex and age. Externalizing behavior was higher for younger siblings as compared with older siblings, particularly when a high number of ACEs (6+) were reported. This research should prompt future exploration of mechanistic theories of the impact of family-wide and child-specific ACEs and the role of birth order.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of household composition with risk behaviors in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescents (n=159,245) aged 13 to 17, enrolled and regularly attending the 7th to 9th year of elementary school and the 1st to 3rd year of high school, participants in the National Survey of School Health in 2019. The risk behaviors were: insufficient physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, smoking, poorer diet quality, skipping breakfast and not having meals with parents/guardians. In the analyses, the sampling weights and study design were considered, stratified by the type of school (public or private) and estimated using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Adolescents, from public and private schools, who lived in single-parent households or where parents were absent, had a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption, smoking, poorer diet quality, skipping breakfast and not eating meals with parents/guardians, compared to those who lived with both parents. Additionally, adolescents from public schools showed a higher prevalence of sedentary behavior than those from single-parent households. Adolescents from private schools had a higher prevalence of sedentary behavior among those who lived only with their mother and a higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity among those who lived without either parent. CONCLUSION: Brazilian adolescents, from public and private schools, who lived in single-parent households or without parents, showed higher prevalence of risk behaviors.

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This study aimed to estimate the proportion of use of emergency contraception at least once in life among Brazilian adolescent students, as well as the association of individual, family, and community factors with use. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including 38,779 Brazilian adolescent students, aged 13 to 17 years, participating in the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) in 2019, who declared sexual initiation. The proportion of emergency contraception use at least once in life and the form of access to the method were estimated. Proportion ratios were estimated to assess the factors associated with the use of emergency contraception at some point in life. The proportion of adolescents who used emergency contraception, or who reported the use by their partners, at some point in their lives was 37.9%. Regarding the access to the emergency contraception, commercial pharmacies were the main source of purchase. Adolescents aged 16 and 17 years, those who sought health services in the last year, those living in the Central-West and Southeast regions, and those who had a history of sexual violence used emergency contraception or reported their partners using them at least once in their lives. Living in the South region of Brazil was associated with a lower proportion of adolescents who used emergency contraception or who reported the use by their partners at least once in their lives. The association with individual, family, and community factors related to the use of emergency contraception may reflect the non-use or failures in the use of other contraceptive methods, revealing gaps in public policies related to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Brazil.

O objetivo foi estimar a proporção do uso de contracepção de emergência alguma vez na vida entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros e a associação de fatores individuais, familiares e comunitários com o uso. Realizou-se estudo transversal, com amostra de 38.779 adolescentes escolares brasileiros, de 13 a 17 anos, respondentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) em 2019 que declararam iniciação sexual. Estimou-se a proporção do uso de contracepção de emergência alguma vez na vida e a forma de acesso ao método. As razões de proporções foram estimadas para avaliar quais os fatores associados ao uso de contracepção de emergência alguma vez na vida. A proporção de adolescentes que usou contracepção de emergência, ou que informaram o uso por seus parceiros, alguma vez na vida foi 37,9%. Quanto ao acesso à contracepção de emergência, as farmácias comerciais foram a principal forma de aquisição. Os adolescentes de 16 e 17 anos, os que procuraram por serviço de saúde no último ano, os residentes nas regiões Centro-oeste e Sudeste, e os com histórico de violência sexual usaram contracepção de emergência ou informaram o uso alguma vez na vida por seus parceiros com maior frequência. Residir na Região Sul do país esteve associado à menor proporção de adolescentes que usaram contracepção de emergência ou que informaram o uso por parceiros alguma vez na vida. A associação com fatores individuais, familiares e comunitários relacionados ao uso de contracepção de emergência pode refletir a não utilização ou falhas no uso de outros métodos contraceptivos, revelando lacunas nas políticas públicas relacionadas à saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes no país.

El objetivo fue estimar la proporción de uso de anticoncepción de emergencia alguna vez entre adolescentes escolares brasileños y la asociación de factores individuales, familiares y comunitarios con su uso. Se realizó un estudio transversal, con una muestra de 38.779 adolescentes escolares brasileños, de 13 a 17 años, entrevistados en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) en el 2019 que declararon iniciación sexual. Se estimó la proporción de uso de anticoncepción de emergencia alguna vez en la vida y la forma de acceder al método. Se estimaron ratios de proporciones para evaluar qué factores estaban asociados con el uso de anticoncepción de emergencia en algún momento de la vida. La proporción de adolescentes que usaron anticoncepción de emergencia, o que reportaron el uso por parte de sus parejas, en algún momento de sus vidas fue del 37,9%. En cuanto al acceso a la anticoncepción de emergencia, las farmacias comerciales fueron la principal forma de adquisición. Los adolescentes de 16 y 17 años, los que buscaron servicios de salud en el último año, los residentes en las regiones Centro-Oeste y Sudeste y aquellos con antecedentes de violencia sexual utilizaron anticoncepción de emergencia o reportaron el uso por parte de sus parejas en algún momento de sus vidas con más frecuencia. Vivir en la región Sur del país se asoció con una menor proporción de adolescentes que utilizaron anticoncepción de emergencia o que reportaron el uso por parte de sus parejas en algún momento de sus vidas. La asociación con factores individuales, familiares y comunitarios relacionados con el uso de anticoncepción de emergencia puede reflejar la falta de uso o las fallas en el uso de otros métodos anticonceptivos, lo que revela brechas en las políticas públicas relacionadas con la salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes en el país.

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OBJECTIVE: To report the development of a technological innovation in the form of a documentary, aimed at disseminating actions for preventing violence against adolescents within the context of Primary Health Care. METHODS: The documentary was developed through action research and interventions with adolescents in the territory of a Health Unit, conducted between 2020 and 2022, using Social Technology as both an action strategy and a conceptual reference. RESULTS: The Social Technology proposal, created through workshops and seminars, resulted in a documentary focusing on violence prevention, involving 48 adolescents. The documentary's script, collectively developed, portrays a soccer match between teams symbolizing peace and violence, with peace ultimately prevailing. The documentary is six minutes long. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The documentary has proven to be an effective Social Technology tool among adolescents, as it fosters critical thinking, is accessible, has potential for digital dissemination, and appeals to the target audience.

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BACKGROUND: Bullying remains a serious public health and educational concern among school-going adolescents worldwide. However, no national survey has examined the prevalence and correlates of physical bullying (on and off-school property) among school-going adolescents in the Island country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. This study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of physical bullying among adolescents from St. Vincent and the Grenadines. METHODS: We analysed data from the 2018 Global School-based Student Health Survey using Pearson Chi-square and Binomial Logistic Regression, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Among this population, physical bullying on/off-school property was prevalent among 24% and 18%, respectively. After adjusting for other predictors, we found that males were less likely to be bullied on school property than females. However, being a younger adolescent (≤ 15 years old), being physically attacked, cyberbullied, having close friends, and having suicidal ideas were associated with increased odds of being physically bullied on school property. Also, being physically attacked, cyberbullied, worried, and having suicidal plans increased the odds of being physically bullied off school property. CONCLUSION: We recommend a multidisciplinary approach to adolescent bullying prevention in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and countries with similar characteristics based on our findings. TRAIL REGISTRATION: Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2018 (VCT_2018_GSHS_v01) Registered August 20, 2021, https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/878.

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BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a crucial period for establishing healthy behaviours that can reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases. However, limited data exist on the clustering of health-related behaviours, in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined how diet and physical activity behaviours cluster and how they are influenced by home and school area-level deprivation. METHODS: The study surveyed 527 adolescents in Yaoundé (Cameroon), Kingston (Jamaica), and Cape Town (South Africa) and grouped them into three categories according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of their homes and school areas (low-low, low-high, and high-high). A k-median algorithm defined three clusters and measured dietary attributes including Dietary Habit Score (DHS), Healthy Food Score (HFS), Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time using validated questionnaires. The clusters were ranked based on their physical activity levels and compared them within each city using statistical tests. RESULTS: The scores on the NKQ and HFS indicated a poor level of both nutritional knowledge and healthy food consumption across sites. Cluster analysis revealed a consistent pattern of high screen time clustering with lower (less healthy) dietary scores across sites. This pattern was consistent regardless of SES in Kingston, and SES and school socioeconomic areas in Cape Town and Yaoundé. CONCLUSION: An inverse clustering of sedentary behaviour duration and eating habits remained consistent across different strata for at least two sites, suggesting that interventions to reduce sedentary time could have a ripple effect on multiple NCD risk factors in adolescence.

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Background: Technologies are important tools and their immoderate use causes alterations in the family system; the main users of technologies are the youngest members. The association between its problematic use and perceived family health in adolescents is unknown. Objective: o determine the association between self-perception of family health status and the problematic use of new technologies in adolescents. Material and methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, observational study. It included 370 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age, technology users, of both sexes; those in behavioral therapy, addictions or psychiatric treatment were excluded; those who did not complete the surveys were eliminated. Sociodemographic data were collected; the associations between perception of family health and problematic use of 4 technologies (television, video games, cell phone and internet) were analyzed with chi square or Fisher's exact test, depending on the situation. Results: A good state of family health prevailed among adolescents (84.1%). It was found a problematic use of cell phone (66.8%). Good family health is associated with non-problematic use of video games (p = 0.003) and television (p < 0.0001). Problematic cell phone use was associated with family health (p = 0.046). The low-middle economic level (61.9%), secondary school (51.6%) and female participation (54.6%) predominated. Conclusion: Family health status is associated with the use of video games, cell phones and television.

Introducción: las tecnologías son herramientas importantes y su uso inmoderado condiciona alteraciones en el sistema familiar; los principales usuarios de tecnologías son los integrantes más jóvenes. Se desconoce la asociación entre su uso problemático y la salud familiar percibida en los adolescentes. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la autopercepción del estado de salud familiar y el uso problemático de las nuevas tecnologías en adolescentes. Material y métodos: estudio observacional analítico, transversal. Incluyó 370 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años, usuarios de tecnologías, de ambos sexos; se excluyeron aquellos en terapia conductual, adicciones o tratamiento psiquiátrico; se eliminaron los que no concluyeron las encuestas. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos; las asociaciones entre percepción de salud familiar y uso problemático de 4 tecnologías (televisión, videojuegos, celular e internet) fueron analizadas con chi cuadrada o prueba exacta de Fisher, según el caso. Resultados: prevaleció un buen estado de salud familiar entre los adolescentes (84.1%). Se encontró un uso problemático del celular (66.8%). La buena salud familiar tuvo asociación con un uso no problemático de videojuegos (p = 0.003) y televisión (p < 0.0001). El uso problemático del celular tuvo asociación con la salud familiar (p = 0.046). Predominó el nivel económico medio bajo (61.9%), escolaridad secundaria (51.6%) y la participación femenina (54.6%). Conclusión: el estado de salud familiar se asocia con el uso de videojuegos, celular y televisión.

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OBJECTIVE: to analyze sociodemographic variables, quality of life, self-perceived health, learning motivation and behavior of adolescents in 2018 and 2021. METHOD: observational cross-sectional study with 124 adolescents in 2018, and 68 in 2021. A Form for sociodemographic variables, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Self-Perceived Health instrument, Learning Motivation Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data collection was carried out using forms on Google Forms. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: the majority of participants belonged to class A. In the comparison between 2018 and 2021, there was a worsening in the assessment of self-perceived health. In the assessment of QoL by parents, there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the social and psychosocial dimensions. Among adolescents, there were differences between QoL scores in the physical and psychosocial dimensions. CONCLUSION: the adolescent with a better mental health assessment had a greater chance of having a better quality of life in the periods investigated (OR=5.35 and OR=5.51). Younger students showed greater motivation to learn, increasing the chance of improving their quality of life by up to 9.75 and 5.02 times in the two periods, respectively. BACKGROUND: (1) The school environment is a space favorable to promoting physical, mental and social health. BACKGROUND: (2) Awareness about healthy lifestyle habits should be carried out during adolescence. BACKGROUND: (3) Aspects related to health can influence behavior and learning. BACKGROUND: (4) Quality of life (QoL) and its dimensions are related to the motivation to learn. BACKGROUND: (5) Adolescent mental health is related to self-perception of QoL.

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The advent of the Internet has made pornography more accessible to many people, including teenagers. This systematic review aimed to synthesize data on factors associated with the consumption of sexually explicit internet materials (SEIM) among adolescents. A total of 753 records in Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were sorted. Forty-eight quantitative survey studies that presented original empirical results and addressed SEIM use among adolescents were included for data extraction, quality analysis, and synthesis. The prevalence of SEIM use varied substantially between studies due to inconsistencies between the operationalization methods used to assess the theoretical construct of SEIM, the period of use (days, months, years), and the age of the participants. SEIM use was highly related to being a boy and having an independent relational style. It was moderately associated with more sexual agency and hyperfemininity for girls and associated with small-to-moderate effect size, with more willingness to engage in casual sex. Sexual performance orientation, sexual permissiveness, bullying behavior, and Internet addiction might be associated with SEIM consumption, although the effect size of these associations was not calculated. Among developmental predictors with high and medium effect sizes, greater use of SEIM in adolescents was associated with being older or reaching puberty. Peer pressure or striving for peer popularity can account for boys' greater exposure to SEIM. The results described show the importance of standardizing the evaluation of SEIM use. Literacy in the use of pornography among teenagers is essential to prevent the possible negative impacts of SEIM consumption.

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BACKGROUND: Considering the previous research that suggested that screen time (ST), sleep duration, physical activity (PA), obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors are related, it is essential to identify how these variables are associated over time, to provide knowledge for the development of intervention strategies to promote health in pediatric populations. Also, there is a lack of studies examining these associations longitudinally. The aims of the present study were: (1) to investigate the longitudinal relationships between ST, sleep duration, leisure PA, body mass index (BMI), and cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) in children and adolescents; and (2) to verify scores and prevalence of cMetS risk zones at baseline and follow-up. METHODS: This observational longitudinal study included 331 children and adolescents (aged six to 17 years; girls = 57.7%) from schools in a southern city in Brazil. ST, sleep duration, and leisure PA were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. BMI was evaluated using the BMI z-scores (Z_BMI). The cMetS was determined by summing sex- and age-specific z-scores of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides, glucose, and systolic blood pressure and dividing it by four. A two-wave cross-lagged model was implemented. RESULTS: ST, sleep duration, and leisure PA were not associated with cMetS after 2-years. However, it was observed that higher ST at baseline was associated with shorter sleep duration at follow-up (B=-0.074; 95%IC=-0.130; -0.012), while higher Z_BMI from baseline associated with higher cMetS of follow-up (B = 0.154; 95%CI = 0.083;0.226). The reciprocal model of relationships indicated that the variance of ST, sleep time, leisure PA, Z_BMI, and cMetS explained approximately 9%, 14%, 10%, 67% and 22%, respectively, of the model. Individual change scores and prevalence indicated that cMetS had individual changes from 2014 to 2016. CONCLUSION: Sleep duration, ST and leisure PA were not associated with cMetS after 2 years. ST showed an inverse association with sleep duration, and Z_BMI was positively associated with cMetS after a 2-year follow-up. Finally, the prevalence of no clustering of risk factors increased after two years. These findings suggest the need to promote healthy lifestyle habits from childhood and considering individual factors that can influence cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.

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BACKGROUND: To analyze the associations among autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, social support and perceived environment with physical activity practice of adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years; and to test autonomous motivations and self-efficacy as potential mediators of the associations between these environmental factors and physical activity practice. METHODS: We evaluated 553 adolescents, that participated in the ActTeens Program. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, parents' social support and perceived environment were assessed using specifics questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to test the associations. RESULTS: Parents' support (ß = 0.32), satisfaction of basic psychological needs of colleagues (ß = 0.21) and teachers (ß = 0.12), and perceived environment (ß = 0.10) had significant associations with physical activity (p < 0.05). The direct effect value was reduced when autonomous motivation was added as a mediator of the association between parents' support and physical activity (ß = 0.24), with a 25% mediated effect. Autonomous motivation was mediator of the relationship between basic psychological needs of colleagues (ß = 0.13; EM = 38%), teachers (ß = 0.02; EM = 83%), and perceived environment (ß = 0.03; EM = 70%) with physical activity. CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy was not associated with physical activity and autonomous motivation was an important mediator of adolescents' physical activity.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet addiction and violence tendency in adolescent students and the factors affecting violence tendency. METHODS: The research was conducted on 2,648 middle school students in Turkey. A socio-demographic form, the Young Internet Addiction Scale, and the Violence Tendency Scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: It was determined that there was a significant positive relationship between the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Violence Tendency Scale. Age has a positive effect on violence tendency levels. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the variables of age and internet addiction contribute to the occurrence of violence tendency. Psychiatric nurses should plan trainings and evaluate its effectiveness to raise awareness.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents is alarming, and these substances are among the leading risk factors for current and future health among adolescents. Physical activity has the potential to help prevent substance use among adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity, modes of transportation to or from school, and sitting time with tobacco and alcohol use among 222,495 adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from national surveys conducted in 66 countries, obtained through the Global School-based Student Health Survey, and included adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Information on physical activity, transportation to or from school, sitting time, and tobacco and alcohol use was collected through self-report questionnaires. Generalized linear models were employed to estimate the associations between these variables. RESULTS: The analysis, adjusted for sex, age, and region, revealed that being physically active was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83-0.89), alcohol use (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.72-0.76), binge drinking (OR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.62-0.69), and drunkenness (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.83-0.88) compared to inactivity. Insufficiently active participants also had lower odds of tobacco use (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.80-0.85), alcohol use (OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.75-0.79), binge drinking (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.87-0.96), and drunkenness (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.85-0.90) compared to inactive participants. Additionally, active transportation to or from school was associated with lower odds of tobacco use (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99), alcohol use (OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.92-0.96), and binge drinking (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.75-0.81) compared to those using passive transportation. Participants with acceptable sitting time, however, were more likely to use tobacco (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.45-1.52), use alcohol (OR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.64-1.72), binge drink (OR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.62-1.75), and experience drunkenness (OR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.62-1.69) compared to those with excessive sitting time. CONCLUSION: Being physically active, even at insufficient levels, may have beneficial effects on tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents. Acceptable sedentary time, on the other hand, was positively associated with tobacco and alcohol use.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.

RESUMEN

La pandemia por COVID-19 impactó fuertemente de manera negativa en muchos aspectos relacionados con la salud física, mental y social de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Como parte de este contexto, se describieron un aumento de los casos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) a nivel nacional e internacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la prevalencia y el perfil de las consultas por TCA en un hospital pediátrico, en un periodo similar previo al inicio de la pandemia y tres años después. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes entre 9 y 18 años que consultaron a la Unidad de Adolescencia con síntomas compatibles con TCA. Se describieron dos períodos: 1er semestre de 2019 y 1er semestre de 2022. Resultados: Durante el año 2022 se evidenció un notorio aumento de las consultas por TCA y a su vez se duplicaron la cantidad de pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Adolescencia. En ambos períodos el género predominante fue femenino, con una mediana de 14 años. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó restricción alimentaria como forma de controlar el peso y el motivo de consulta predominante estuvo relacionado con el descenso de peso y los síntomas gastrointestinales. Conclusión: En concordancia con la percepción manifestada por la comunidad pediátrica, luego de dos años de pandemia, observamos un aumento de las consultas en general y de los desórdenes de la conducta alimentaria atendidos por la Unidad de Adolescencia de nuestro Hospital (AU)

The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong negative impact on many aspects related to the physical, mental, and social health of children and adolescents. In this context, an increase in cases of eating disorders (EDs) was described nationally and internationally. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and profile of ED consultations in a pediatric hospital in a similar period before the onset of the pandemic and three years later. Material and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients between 9 and 18 years of age who visited the Adolescent Medicine Unit with symptoms compatible with ED. Two periods were described: 1st semester of 2019 and 1st semester of 2022. Results: During the 2022 period, there was a marked increase in the number of consultations for ED and a two-fold increase in the number of patients seen at the Adolescent Medicine Unit. In both periods patients were predominantly female, with a median age of 14 years. Most patients used dietary restriction as a means of weight control and the main reason for consultation were weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: In agreement with the views expressed by the pediatric community, two years after the pandemic, we observed an increase in consultations in general and in those related to eating disorders specifically at the Adolescent Medicine Unit of our Hospital (AU)

RESUMEN

Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one's own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.