Urdu translation and cross-cultural validation of the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) measures the self-confidence of the individual in functional activities after a stroke. The SSEQ is a self-report scale with 13 items that assess self-efficacy after a stroke in several functional domains. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to translate the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire into Urdu Language and to find out the validity and reliability of Urdu SSEQ among stroke patients. METHODS: The cross-cultural validation study design was used. Following COSMIN guidelines, forward and backward translation protocols were adopted. After pilot testing on 10 stroke patients, the final Urdu version was drafted. A sample of 110 stroke patients was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SSEQ-U. Content and Concurrent validity were determined. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were used to measure internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25. RESULTS: The final version was drafted after application on 10 stroke patients. Content validity was analyzed by a content validity index ranging from 0.87 to 1. The internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.80). Test-retest reliability was determined by the Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,1=0.956). Concurrent validity was determined by correlations with other scales by using the Spearman correlation coefficient; moderate to strong correlations (positive and negative) were found with the Functional Independence Measure (r = 0.76), Beck Depression Inventory (r=-0.54), Short Form of 12-item Scale (r = 0.68) and Fall Efficacy Scale (r = 0.82) with p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The Urdu version was linguistically acceptable and accurate for stroke survivors for determining self-efficacy. It showed good content and concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the sexual satisfaction questionnaire for postmenopausal women (PWSSQ): an exploratory mixed method study protocol.

BACKGROUND: The concept of sexual satisfaction in menopausal women is very different from that in premenopausal women, and this difference is due to aging and physical, hormonal, cultural, and psychological changes. Therefore, the first step in discovering methods for assessing sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women is to develop a measurement instrument. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a sexual satisfaction instrument for postmenopausal women. METHODS: The current study is an exploratory-sequential mixed-methods research project that will be divided into two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Aligned with the primary objective of the research, which is to elucidate the concept of sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women, the hybrid concept analysis model developed by Schwartz and Kim will be employed. This model comprises three key phases: the theoretical phase, the fieldwork phase, and the final analytical phase. Those who met the inclusion criteria and exhibited maximum variance in terms of age, educational level, employment status, and menopausal duration were recruited. The conventional content analysis will be carried out following the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Second, in the quantitative phase, the psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated, including the content, face and construct validity and reliability via internal consistency and stability. The psychometric properties described in the COSMIN checklist will be utilized for designing the instrument. DISCUSSION: A valid and reliable scale for evaluating the sexual satisfaction of postmenopausal women should be developed, and educational content should be designed to improve the sexual satisfaction of this group of women.

Menopause is a natural event that is accompanied by numerous physical and psychological changes that create a complex period in the life of postmenopausal women. Sexual satisfaction is a component related to human sexuality and is known as the last stage of the sexual response cycle. Sexual satisfaction is defined as the emotional response resulting from the mental evaluation of positive and negative things in a sexual relationship. Sexual satisfaction is one of the important factors of satisfaction in married life. People who have sexual satisfaction have a significantly better quality of life than those who do not have sexual satisfaction. The concept of sexual satisfaction in menopausal women is very different from that in premenopausal women, and this difference is due to aging and physical, hormonal, cultural, and psychological changes. Sexual satisfaction is important for researchers for two reasons. First, sexual satisfaction provides a mechanism through which to assess a relationship partner's performance. Second, sexual satisfaction is a predictor of other aspects of the relationship, such as marital quality and stability. To discuss feelings and discover methods for achieving sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women, it is necessary to understand the factors affecting sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction in this group. The existing tools in the field of women's sexual satisfaction are not designed for this age group (menopausal women) and do not have the necessary comprehensiveness and adequacy to assess sexual satisfaction in menopausal women. Therefore, this study will be conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the sexual satisfaction of postmenopausal women.

Measuring psychological distress using the 12-item general health questionnaire and the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale. Psychometric comparison and equipercentile equating of the two scales.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine if the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 and Kessler 6 (K6) assess the same underlying construct and to develop a score conversion table for the two scales. METHODS: A random sample of 4303 people who completed both the GHQ-12 and K6 in 2021 were analyzed. Exploratory bifactor analysis evaluated if both scales measured the same construct, and Rasch analysis assessed item severities. The scales were transformed using Equipercentile equivalence for comparability and score conversion. Agreement was estimated with Cohen's Kappa coefficient, along with raw positive and negative agreement. RESULTS: We found that the two scales measure the same phenomenon to the extent that they can be made equivalent. Conversion tables between GHQ-12 and K6 are presented. Applying the commonly used cut-off of ≥3 on the GHQ-12 bi-modal scoring, we found that the best corresponding cut-off on the K6 would be ≥8. The prevalence of psychological distress was then 22% with GHQ-12% and 21% with K6. CONCLUSIONS: The GHQ-12 and K6 measure the same construct and corresponding cut-off scores on one scale were found for the other scale. This is valuable for longitudinal studies or time series where one scale has replaced the other scale.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance (MI) of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-short) in cancer patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 505 cancer patients from mainland China. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the CERQ-short and the distress thermometer were included in the study measures. RESULTS: Item analysis indicated a promising result. And the results of CFA indicated that the CERQ-short demonstrated satisfactory factorial validity in cancer patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.663 and 0.910, while McDonald's omega coefficients were between 0.664 and 0.910. The CERQ-short had sufficient convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity among cancer patients. Lastly, MI supported that the CERQ-short demonstrated strong measurement equivalence across gender, residence and age. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the Chinese version of the CERQ-short has convincing psychometric properties and MI, which supports its use in cancer patients.

Validation of a German version of the caregiver strain questionnaire-short form 11 (CGSQ-SF11).

OBJECTIVE: Caring for a child, particularly one with special healthcare needs, is a demanding task that can lead to the experience of caregiver strain. This in turn has an effect on the caregiver's mental health, as well as on the child and his or her treatment. To enable the identification of afflicted parents, this study aims to provide a German version of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire-Short Form 11 (CGSQ-SF11) and to examine its factor structure and psychometric properties. METHODS: Data from 698 caregivers were included in the analyses. Caregivers completed the CGSQ-SF11 along with measures of parenting stress (PSI-SF), stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), family-related quality of life (FLQ), and social desirability (SES-17) as additional instruments for validation. A two-week follow-up questionnaire included only the CGSQ-SF11. Exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for parents of children with and without special healthcare needs, separately. Further analyses examined the validity and reliability of the instrument. RESULTS: For parents of children with special healthcare needs, a three-factor structure (objective, internalized subjective, externalized subjective strain) with a second-order factor (caregiver strain) was supported. For parents of children without special healthcare needs, a similar three-factor structure was found, although the second-order factor was not supported. Measurement invariance between the two groups was not confirmed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity were largely supported in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the German version of the CGSQ SF-11 is a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring caregiver strain.

Validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in married Iranian women.

Background Promoting the quality of women's sex life is crucial for their overall well-being. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Iranian adaptation of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale (FSWB), and assess its cross-cultural comparability. Methods The Persian version of the FSWB was developed through forward and backward translations, followed by revision by a research team and pilot testing. A total of 400 women completed the FSWB questionnaire. Test-retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factorisation with varimax rotation, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Only one factor was found in the scale by factor analysis using the principal component method and varimax rotation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure demonstrated high sampling adequacy (0.961), and Bartlett's test of sphericity confirmed the appropriateness of the correlation matrix for exploratory factor analysis (P Conclusions The Persian version of the FSWB (consisting of 17 questions) and its scoring system showed robust validity and reliability in assessing women's sexual well-being in the Iranian context.

A Persian validation of the burnout assessment tool.

BACKGROUND: Burnout is an increasing public health concern. Its prevalence has extended across diverse professions globally, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and society. This phenomenon has undermined employee well-being, productivity, and organizational effectiveness, making it a critical concern in contemporary work environments. The present study aimed to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Persian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). METHODS: The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected on a sample of 580 teachers using the convenience sampling. The BAT-Persian and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were administered to collect the data. The reliability, factorial structure of the BAT-C and BAT-S, and the convergent and discriminant validity of BAT-C and work engagement were explored. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure for the core dimensions (BAT-C; exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment), and a two-factor structure for the secondary dimensions (BAT-S; psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints). In the second-order model, the item loadings on the four factors of BAT-C ranged from 0.35 to 0.85, and on two factors of BAT-S ranged from 0.63 to 0.89. The Persian versions of the BAT-C and BAT-S showed good internal consistency (respectively, α = 0.95 and 0.90). Additional evidence supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the BAT-GR. the BAT-C and its scales were negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption). Moreover, the BAT-S and its scales negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence that the Iranian version of BAT represents a reliable and valid tool for measuring burnout in the work context. A reliable and valid tool for assessing burnout in the Iranian workplace enables early detection of employee distress, allowing for timely intervention and support. This means that identifying the signs and symptoms of burnout in the early stages can prevent more severe consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, or turnover.

Brief instruments for measuring nutrition literacy - the Nutrition Health Literacy Scale and the Self-Perceived Food Literacy Scale Short Form.

BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is a critical factor in maintaining long-term health. In addition to a health-promoting food environment, the nutrition health literacy (NHL) and food literacy (FL) of the population are important in this context. This paper describes the development and validation of two short instruments to measure the nutrition literacy of the population, used in the Austrian Nutrition Literacy Survey 2021. METHODS: An instrument to measure NHL (Nutrition Health Literacy Scale; NHLS) has been adapted and further developed. To measure FL, the Self-perceived Food Literacy Scale by Poelman et al. has been modified and shortened (SPFL-SF). Validation of the instruments was based on data from a web survey conducted in Austria in 2021 with almost 3,000 participants aged 18 years and older. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the factorial validity/dimensionality of the instruments. Additionally, internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, ordinal alpha, and McDonald's omega. RESULTS: Both instruments demonstrate excellent data-model fit. The NHLS also shows excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91), while the SPFL-SF displays a sufficient internal consistency for all (α between 0.70 and 0.89) but one sub-dimension (resisting temptation α = 0.61). Furthermore, the distribution of the items indicates that the measures are understandable and suitable, as evidenced by the absence of missing values in the sample. In addition, the items of both instruments differ in their level of difficulty or agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The NHLS and SPFL-SF are reliable and valid instruments for measuring NHL and FL in the general adult population. The brief instruments measuring the different aspects of nutrition literacy can be easily used in nutritional or evaluation studies. Further work is required to investigate other aspects of validity.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire for the assessment of depression in primary care: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a new questionnaire for the diagnostic assessment of depression adapted to the primary care setting by combining psychiatric criteria and heuristics of general practitioners (GPs). Psychometric evaluation of the new questionnaire and first validity evidence. DESIGN: The questionnaire was developed using cognitive interviews with think-aloud technique. Factorial validity was then examined in a cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary care. Five general practices in Bavaria, Germany. PARTICIPANTS: 15 GPs, 4 psychiatrists/psychotherapists and 13 patients participated in cognitive expert interviews. A primary care sample of N=277 consecutive patients participated in the cross-sectional study. METHODS: After consultation with experts and literature research, the questionnaire contained a self-rating part for patients and an external part for GPs. Items were then iteratively optimised using cognitive interviews. Factorial validity was examined. To estimate internal consistency, Cronbach's α was calculated. Validity was assessed by correlating the new questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: The preliminary version of the two-part 'Questionnaire for the assessment of DEpression SYmptoms in Primary Care' (DESY-PC) comprised 52 items for patients (DESY-PAT-1: questions about patient's environment; DESY-PAT-2: questions about depression-specific symptoms) and 21 items for GPs (DESY-GP). The analysis of the DESY-PAT-1 revealed a one-factor solution ('environmental factors') with Cronbach's α of 0.55. The items of the DESY-PAT-2 were assigned to three factors, 'depressive cognitions', 'suicidality' and 'symptoms of fatigue', with Cronbach's α of 0.86, 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed two factors for the DESY-GP: 'depression symptoms' and 'medical history/external factors'. Cronbach's α was 0.90 and 0.59, respectively. After factorial analysis, the DESY-PAT was reduced to 28 items, and the DESY-GP was reduced to 15 items. Correlations of the DESY-PC with the PHQ-9 were high and significant, indicating convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The new questionnaire represents an innovative extension of depression questionnaires and could be particularly suitable for general practices.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the diabetes self-management questionnaire-revised (DSMQ-R) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Reflecting people with diabetes' self-management activities is often required in both research and clinical practice. This study evaluated the measurement properties of the Portuguese version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised (DSMQ-R) on a sample of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Translation and cultural adaptation were conducted according to guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and validation of healthcare measurement instruments. A cross-sectional study was performed including 365 people with T2DM in primary care. Reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were analyzed. RESULTS: The total scale of the translated DSMQ-R revealed sufficient internal consistency (alpha = 0.82), and most of the subscales performed adequately. The exploratory factor structure was robust, and confirmatory analysis showed a good model fit with the scale structure of the original scale. The scale scores correlated with the participants' last HbA1c estimates, supporting convergent validity, and convergence was confirmed by the adequate average variance extracted. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of the DSMQ-R is a reliable and valid tool for gauging self-management behaviors in people with T2DM and their relationship with glycemic values.

Validity of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.

OBJECTIVE: The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. RESULTS: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach's alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald's of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. CONCLUSION: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.

Longitudinal measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-Four in China.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students are often a concern. The Patient Health Questionnaire-Four (PHQ-4), an important tool for depression and anxiety screening, is commonly used and easy to administer. This study aimed to assess and update the longitudinal measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version. METHODS: A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted among healthcare students using the PHQ-4. Structural validity was based on one-factor, two-factor, and second-order factor models, construct validity was based on the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ), Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI), internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were based on structural consistency across three time points. RESULTS: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that two-factor model was the best fit, and LMI was supported at three time points. Inter-factor, factor-total, and construct validity correlations of the PHQ-4 were acceptable. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and the intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated acceptable/moderate to excellent reliability of the PHQ-4. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds new longitudinal evidence that the Chinese version of the PHQ-4 has promising LMI and psychometric properties. Such data lends confidence to the routine and the expanded use of the PHQ-4 for routine screening of depression and anxiety in Chinese healthcare students.

Dutch Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure.

PURPOSE: Person-centered care is foundational to good quality primary care and has positive effects on health outcomes and patient satisfaction. The Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) is a recently developed, patient-reported survey able to assess person-centeredness and has demonstrated strong validity and reliability. Little is known, however, about the feasibility of the PCPCM in non-English-speaking settings. We aimed to translate the questionnaire into Dutch, psychometrically evaluate the translated version, and ensure its feasibility for patients in Dutch primary care. METHODS: We translated the PCPCM into Dutch using forward-backward translations. We conducted psychometric evaluations to ensure its feasibility among Dutch-speaking primary care patients, with special attention to low literacy populations. Next, we assessed structural validity, convergent validity using the Quality of Care Through the Patient's Eyes (QUOTE) questionnaire, and internal consistency in a cross-sectional study in primary care. RESULTS: Translation and adaptation for low literacy populations required 4 iterations. In 4 general practices, 205 patients completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analyses could not confirm the 1-factor solution. The 3-factor solution was found to be a more optimal fit: comprehensiveness of care, personal relation, and contextual care. Internal reliability was high (Cronbach's α were 0.82, 0.73, and 0.86, respectively). We found a strong correlation between the total PCPCM and QUOTE scores (Spearman's ρ = 0.65, P <.001), indicating good convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Dutch version of the PCPCM has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring person-centeredness in primary care among Dutch-speaking populations including those with low literacy.

What role does compassion have on quality care ratings? A regression analysis and validation of the SCQ in emergency department patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the unique contribution of patient reported experiences of compassion to overall patient quality care ratings. Additionally, we assess whether patients' reported experiences of compassion in the emergency department differed between sociodemographic groups. METHODS: Provincial data for this cross-sectional study were collected from 03/01/2022 to 09/05/2022 from 14 emergency departments in Alberta, Canada. Data from 4501 emergency department patients (53.6% women, 77.1% White/European) were analyzed. The primary outcome was patients' overall quality care ratings during their most recent ED visit. Measures included in the hierarchical stepwise regression included demographics, and those drawn from the Emergency Department Patient Experience of Care (EDPEC) questionnaire: single and multi-item measures of patient information (e.g., patient perceptions health) and patient experience (e.g., physician communication), and compassion (e.g., Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire; SCQ-ED). RESULTS: Data from 4501 ED patients were analysed. Stepwise hierarchical linear multiple regression indicated that of 21 included variables, compassion most strongly predicted overall quality care ratings (b=1.61, 95% CI 1.53-1.69, p<.001, f2=.23), explaining 19% unique variance beyond all other measures. One-way ANOVAs indicated significant demographic differences in mean compassion scores, such that women (vs. men) reported lower compassion (MD=-.15, 95% CI=-.21, -.09, p<.001), and Indigenous (vs. White) patients reported lower compassion (MD=-.17, 95% CI =-.34, -.01, p=.03). CONCLUSIONS: Compassion was identified as a key contributor to ED overall quality care ratings, and experiences of compassion varied as a function of demographics. Patient-reported compassion is an indicator of quality care that needs to be formally integrated into clinical care and quality care assessments.

Psychometric properties of the maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale: a confirmatory factor analysis.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that maternal satisfaction should be included as an additional and appropriate outcome indicator in relation to the breastfeeding process. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of various existing versions of the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale in a Spanish sample. METHODS: This was a longitudinal observational study, evaluated at three different time points: in the hospital after delivery, and then at five and 12 months after delivery in a Spanish sample. A total of 690 mother participated in this study. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated an improved fit of the data to the original model (CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.982; RMSEA = 0.079). All dimensions of the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale are positively associated with breastfeeding rates and negatively associated with perceived difficulty in continuing to breastfeed after returning to work at five months postpartum. Moreover, the scale can predict breastfeeding behavior at 12 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the structure of the original version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale mean it is a is valid and reliable tool for assessing maternal perceptions of the breastfeeding experience in Spain. This research enhances our understanding of maternal satisfaction with the breastfeeding experience and its potential implications for supporting breastfeeding practices. It is an opportunity for the academic, healthcare, and policy sectors to develop more effective interventions to improve breastfeeding rates and ensure a positive experience for mothers.

Illegitimate work tasks: an investigation of psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BITS instrument and its suitability in human versus 'non-human' service occupations.

BACKGROUND: Illegitimate tasks, i.e. working tasks that are perceived as unnecessary or unreasonable, are commonly measured by the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS). Despite a growing research attention paid to illegitimate tasks, the Swedish version of BITS needs yet to be properly evaluated. Moreover, previous multiorganizational studies in this field have taken for granted, without really testing it, that the instrument functions invariantly in different contexts; a prerequisite for meaningful comparisons. METHODS: Two occupational groups that differs hugely-966 human services workers (teachers and registered nurses) and 750 non-'human service' workers (construction and IT-workers) were targeted utilizing questionnaires data collected 2018 within the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) study. Psychometric properties, i.e., reliability, dimensionality, and measurement invariance between the occupations were examined using confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models. Also, the associations between the two dimensions of illegitimate tasks and job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion, respectively, were tested. RESULTS: Good reliability was supported and two- versus one-dimensionality showed better psychometric properties. Partial scalar measurement invariance was satisfactory supported with only 25% relaxed constraints of equal intercepts between groups. Examining the two subdimensions revealed different associations with emotional exhaustion, where the associations was more substantial for unreasonable tasks. Nevertheless, the findings point to potential improvements for future investigation. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the Swedish version of BITS is working satisfactory and allows for meaningful comparisons of occupational groups. Furthermore, construct validity of the two dimensions was corroborated.

Polish Translation and Validation of the SCHNOS (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey) Questionnaire.

<b>Introduction:</b> Rhinoseptoplasty procedures are focused not only on the aesthetic but also on the functional aspects. Surgical outcomes have to be evaluated in each patient. To date, the Polish literature has lacked a tool facilitating simultaneous assessment of rhinoseptoplasty's impact on both the external appearance and functionality of the nose.<b>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Polish version of the original SCHNOS (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey) questionnaire as used for the assessment of the functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients after rhinoplasty.<b>Materials and methods:</b> A total of 31 subjects (N = 24 [77.4%] women and N = 7 men [22.6%]) aged 19 through 55 years (M = 31.32; SD = 8.50) participated in the study. The SCHNOS questionnaire was translated in accordance with international guidelines. The psychometric accuracy of translation was tested in native speakers of Polish. The authors measured the internal consistency, correlatability, and repeatability of the instrument to determine its validity. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.<b>Results:</b> The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale. The satisfactory reliability amounted to 0.888 [95% CI: 0.804-0.940] for the SCHNOS-O and 0.883 [95% CI 0.795-0.937] for the SCHNOS-C scale. Differential accuracy was confirmed by AVE values of > 0.5 as well as by correlation of the results with the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire scores.<b>Conclusions:</b> The SCHNOS questionnaire has been translated, adapted, and validated for use in the Polish-speaking population. The tool was found to be relevant and reliable.

Chinese version of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport (TAPAS) scale: testing unidimensionality, measurement invariance, concurrent validity, and known-group validity among Taiwanese youths.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychosocial factors affect individuals' desire for physical activity. A newly developed instrument (Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport; TAPAS) has been designed to assess the avoidance of physical activity. Considering cultural differences could be decisive factors, the present study aimed to translate and validate the TAPAS into Chinese (Mandarin) for Taiwanese youths, and further cultural comparisons are expected. METHODS: Standard translation procedure (i.e., forward translation, back translation, and reconciliation) was used to translate the English TAPAS into the Chinese TAPAS. Following translation, 608 youths (mean [SD] age 29.10 [6.36] years; 333 [54.8%] women) participated in the study via a snowballing sampling method with an online survey. All participants completed the Chinese TAPAS and additional instruments assessing weight stigma and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the Chinese TAPAS and multigroup CFA to examine measurement invariance across gender (men vs. women) and weight status (overweight vs. non-overweight). Pearson correlations were used to examine the concurrent validity; independent t-tests between gender groups and weight status groups were used to examine the known-group validity. RESULTS: Consistent with the English version, the Chinese TAPAS was found to have a one-factor structure evidenced by CFA results. The structure was invariant across gender and weight status groups evidenced by multigroup CFA results. Concurrent validity was supported by significant associations with the related constructs assessed (r = 0.326 to 0.676; p < 0.001). Known-group validity was supported by the significant differences in TAPAS total scores between gender and weight status groups (p = 0.004 and < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.24 and 0.48). CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the TAPAS is a valid and reliable instrument assessing individuals' avoidance of physical activity and sports due to underlying psychosocial issues among Taiwanese youths. It is anticipated to be applied within a large Asian population, as well as cross-cultural comparisons, for further explorations in health, behavioral and epidemiological research and practice.

Quantifying Criminal Sexual Acts: The Illegal Sexual Exploitation Module of the Revised Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) Measure.

Since the initial development of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) four decades ago, the SES has been designed to measure a range of forms of sexual exploitation, including acts that are coercive but not legally sanctioned as well as acts that legally qualify as crimes. That feature was retained in the revised Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) measure. This article reviews the theoretical and empirical literature that guided the development of the Illegal Sexual Exploitation module of the SES-V, which measures experiences of nonconsensual exploitation resulting in sexual contact and which is designed to correspond to legal definitions across multiple jurisdictions. This article addresses research and applied contexts in which the distinction between legal and illegal sexual exploitation is important and the challenges and limitations involved in writing survey items that correspond to legal definitions. It also discusses revisions made to the items that make up the Illegal Sexual Exploitation module of the SES-V as compared to the illegal items in prior versions of the SES, including a new operationalization of non-consent and an expansion of the sexual acts and exploitative tactics that are included. Finally, the article discusses directions for future research on the Illegal Sexual Exploitation module of the SES-V.

Menstrual poverty scale: reliability and validity study.

The tendency toward poverty in the globalizing world significantly affects women. Unlike men, women have mandatory expenses every month. Especially poor women have difficulty in accessing to the hygienic products they need during the menstrual period. That is why, this study aims to develop a measurement tool that can effectively and widely assess women's menstrual poverty. This study is a methodological study that evaluates the psychometric properties of the scale. The study included 420 women living in a middle-income province in the north of Türkiye between April - July, 2023. The data were collected using the Menstrual Poverty Scale, and the items on the scale were developed based on a review of existing literature and expert opinions (CVI = 0.85-0.95). The sample was divided into two parts. It was made exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Before conducting the study, an ethics committee decision and informed consent of the women were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 programs. The EFA revealed a structure consisting of 13 items and four factors. The four factors considered were as follows; access to hygiene products, quality of life, embarrassment, and receiving information, and education about menstruation. The item factor loadings varied from 0.46 to 0.91. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.69. The corrected item-total correlations for the scale items ranged from 0.62 to 0.84. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the structural equation modeling results of the Menstrual Poverty Scale were found to be meaningful (p = .000; RMSEA 0.64; CMIN/Df 1.70). It is suggested to conduct validity and reliability studies in different cultures by applying the scale to women from different cultural backgrounds.