RESUMEN
Purpose: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has several health benefits and anti-obesogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the medicinal properties attributable to HS would prevent or mitigate bladder changes induced by obesity in an experimental model. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were submitted to one of four different dietary interventions (12 animals each): G1, standard diet and water (controls); G2, standard diet and HS tea; G3, a palatable high-fat diet and water; and G4, high-fat diet diet and HS tea. The animals were monitored for body weight, feed, and water and tea intake, according to the allocated group. After 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the levels of creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrolytes were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis of the animals' bladder was performed. Results: Groups receiving HS (G2 and G4) showed decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. HS tea was able to reduce low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the G2 group compared to other groups. Only in the G3 there was a significant increase in the body weight when it was compared the 12th and 16th weeks. Leptin was shown to be elevated in the groups that received a high-fat diet. There was a significant decrease in the muscle fibers thickness and in the total collagen count in G4 bladder when compared with G1 and G3. Conclusions: HS has an anti-inflammatory role, can reverse hyperlipidemia in rats, and reduced deleterious effects of obesity on these animals' bladder.
Asunto(s)
Vejiga Urinaria , Extractos Vegetales , Hibiscus , Metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios , ObesidadRESUMEN
El envejecimiento y la longevidad son procesos que involucran una serie de factores genéticos, bioquímicos y ambientales. En esta revisión se tratan algunas cuestiones sobre estos dos procesos biológicos y epigenéticos. Se presentan los genes más importantes en estos procesos, así como se ejemplifican enfermedades que presentan un aceleramiento o falla en la longevidad y el envejecimiento. Se usa el análisis inteligente de datos para hallar interacciones de proteínas/genes que expliquen estos dos fenómenos biológicos.
Aging and longevity are processes that involve a series of genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. This review addresses some issues about these two biological and epigenetic processes. The most important genes in these processes are presented, as well as diseases that present an acceleration or failure in longevity and aging. Intelligent data analysis is used to find protein/gene interactions that explain these two biological phenomena.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fenómenos Biológicos , Envejecimiento , Senescencia Celular , Genes , Genética , Longevidad , Calidad de Vida , Esperanza de Vida , Apoptosis , Estrés Oxidativo , Telomerasa , Envejecimiento Prematuro , Ecuador , Sistema Inmunológico , MetabolismoRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como mulheres adultas (acima de 30 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares (TAs) vivenciam o adoecer. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). Participaram seis mulheres, com idades entre 34 e 65 anos, atendidas em um serviço especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, de inspiração fenomenológica, na modalidade remota. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas seguindo os passos da AFI. Duas categorias temáticas foram identificadas: "Vivendo antes do adoecer" e "Encontrando-se doente." Constatou-se que os sintomas tiveram início anteriormente à vida adulta e que houve dificuldade na confirmação do diagnóstico. Na perspectiva das participantes, conviver com a sintomatologia ficou mais complicado em função de particularidades de manejo dos sintomas na vida adulta, e a idade é percebida como um fator que impacta e dificulta ainda mais a recuperação. As participantes relataram desesperança em relação ao futuro, apesar de a maioria reconhecer melhoras no quadro clínico ao longo do tempo e de valorizar a relação de confiança estabelecida com a equipe multiprofissional.(AU)
This study aimed to understand the experience of illness of adult women (over 30 years) diagnosed with eating disorders (ED). This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as theoretical and methodological framework. A sample of six women aged 34-64 years, assisted in a specialized service, were recruited to complete a phenomenological in-depth open interview. The data were remotely collected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed following the IPA. Two thematic categories were identified: "Living before the illness" and "Finding about the illness." It was found that the symptoms started before adulthood and that there was difficulty establishing the diagnosis. Living with the symptoms became more complicated due to particularities of symptom management in adulthood and age is perceived as a factor that impacts recovery and makes it even more difficult. The participants reported hopelessness about the future, although most recognized improvements in the clinical condition over time and valued the trusting relationship they established with the multiprofessional team.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de las mujeres adultas (mayores de 30 años) diagnosticadas con trastornos alimentarios (TA) respecto a la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado a partir del marco teórico y metodológico del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI). Participaron seis mujeres, con edades de entre 34 y 65 años, atendidas en un servicio especializado. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas abiertas, de inspiración fenomenológica, en la modalidad a distancia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas siguiendo los pasos del AFI. Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Vivir antes de enfermar" y "Encontrarse enfermo." Se constató que los síntomas comenzaron antes de la edad adulta y que hubo dificultades de establecer el diagnóstico. La convivencia con síntomas se complicó debido a las particularidades del manejo de los síntomas en la vida adulta y la edad se percibe como un factor que influye y dificulta aún más la recuperación. Los participantes manifestaron desesperanza sobre el futuro, aunque reconocieron mejoras en el cuadro clínico con el paso del tiempo y valoraron la relación de confianza establecida con el equipo multiprofesional.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anorexia Nerviosa , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Bulimia Nerviosa , Pandemias , Ansiedad , Distorsión de la Percepción , Apetito , Satisfacción Personal , Psiquiatría , Psicología , Psicopatología , Calidad de Vida , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Autoimagen , Vergüenza , Gastropatías , Estrés Psicológico , Concienciación , Terapéutica , Delgadez , Industria de la Belleza , Vómitos , Recuperación Nutricional , Imagen Corporal , Peso Corporal , Envejecimiento , Menopausia , Pérdida de Peso , Familia , Hiperfagia , Comorbilidad , Salud Mental , Mortalidad , Entrevista , Factores Culturales , Deshidratación , Factores Generales de Transcripción , Desnutrición , Trastorno Depresivo , Diagnóstico , Dieta , Dietoterapia , Emociones , Ciencias de la Nutrición , Laxativos , Conducta Alimentaria , Trastorno por Atracón , Acoso Escolar , Estigma Social , Apariencia Física , Autocontrol , Análisis Aplicado de la Conducta , Adicción a la Comida , Rumiación Digestiva , Recuperación de la Salud Mental , Trayectoria del Peso Corporal , Desconcierto , Trastorno de la Ingesta Alimentaria Evitativa/Restrictiva , Vergüenza del Cuerpo , Representación Social , Ortorexia Nerviosa , Estatus Social , Culpa , Promoción de la Salud , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Trastornos Mentales , Metabolismo , ObesidadRESUMEN
Mindfulness has been defined as attention and awareness to the present with an attitude of openness, non-judgment, and acceptance. It is suggested that mindfulness can positively influence experiences in sports and physical activity, increasing adherence to these activities. This study aimed to examine new psychometric properties of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) using classical and modern testing theories among Brazilian sport and exercise practitioners. Two studies were conducted. In the first, with 617 Brazilian sports practitioners, confirmatory factor analysis supported the bifactor structure of the SMS-PA composed of two specific (mental and body mindfulness) and one general factor (state mindfulness), which did not vary among genders. The Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) supported essential one-dimensionality indicated by the general factor with good item fit statistics (infit/outfit 0.62-1.27). The model presented a good level of Rasch reliability (0.85), and the items difficulty estimation provided an understanding of the continuum represented by their content. In the second study, with 249 Brazilian exercise practitioners, the structural equation modeling showed that Body Mindfulness was associated with positive outcomes (positive affect and satisfaction with practice). The mediation analysis showed that people with higher levels of Body mindfulness tend to experience greater levels of Positive Affect and, consequently, greater Satisfaction with exercises. The results suggest that the Brazilian version of the SMS-PA is an appropriate measure of the state of mindfulness.(AU)
Mindfulness pode ser definido como atenção e consciência no momento presente com uma atitude de abertura, não julgamento e aceitação. A literatura sugere que o mindfulness pode influenciar positivamente experiências no esporte e atividade física e pode exercer um papel na adesão a essas atividades. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar novas propriedades psicométricas da State Mindulness Sacale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) utilizando as teorias clássicas e modernas dos testes em praticantes de exercício físico e esporte brasileiros. Dois estudos foram conduzidos. No primeiro, com 617 brasileiros praticantes de esporte, a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) demonstrou adequação à estrutura bifatorial da SMS-PA composta por dois fatores específicos (mindfulness mental e físico) e um fator geral (estado de mindfulness), que apresentou invariância entre sexos. A Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) corroborou a unidimensionalidade essencial indicada pelo fator geral com bons índices de ajustes (infit/outfit 0.62 -1.27). O modelo apresentou bom nível de precisão Rasch (.85), e a estimação de dificuldade dos itens possibilitou compreensão do continuum representado pelo conteúdo dos itens. No segundo estudo, com 249 brasileiros praticantes de esporte, a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais demonstrou que o mindfulness físico esteve associado a afetos positivos e satisfação com a prática. A análise de mediação mostrou que pessoas com níveis altos de mindfulness físico tendem a apresentar níveis mais elevados de afeto positivo e, consequentemente, níveis mais elevados de satisfação com a prática. Os resultados sugerem que a versão brasileira do SMS-PA é uma medida apropriada do estado de mindfulness para atividades físicas.(AU)
La atención plena puede definirse como la atención y la conciencia en el momento presente con una actitud de apertura, no juicio y aceptación. La literatura sugiere que el mindfulness puede influir positivamente en las experiencias en el deporte y en la actividad física, además de desempeñar un papel en la adherencia a estas actividades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar nuevas propiedades psicométricas de la State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) utilizando las teorías clásicas y modernas de las pruebas en practicantes de ejercicio físico y de deporte en Brasil. Para ello, se realizaron dos estudios. En el primer, participaron 617 practicantes de deporte brasileños, y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) demostró adecuación en la estructura bifactorial de la SMS-PA, compuesta por dos factores específicos (mindfulness mental y físico) y un factor general (estado de mindfulness), que mostró invarianza entre sexos. El Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) corroboró la unidimensionalidad esencial indicada por el factor general con buenos índices de ajuste (infit/outfit 0,62-1,27). El modelo mostró un buen nivel de precisión de Rasch (.85), y la estimación de la dificultad de los ítems permitió comprender el continuo representado por el contenido de estos. En el segundo estudio, con 249 practicantes de deporte, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostró que el mindfulness físico estaba asociado a resultados positivos (afecto positivo y satisfacción con la práctica). El análisis de mediación reveló que las personas con altos niveles de mindfulness físico tendían a tener mayores niveles de afecto positivo y, en consecuencia, mayores niveles de satisfacción con la práctica. Los resultados sugieren que la versión brasileña de la SMS-PA es una medida adecuada de mindfulness.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Psicometría , Ejercicio Físico , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Atención Plena , Psicología del Deporte , Ansiedad , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Fenómenos Psicológicos , Pruebas Psicológicas , Psicología , Calidad de Vida , Recreación , Estándares de Referencia , Carrera , Atención , Autoimagen , Fútbol , Estrés Fisiológico , Natación , Templanza , Terapéutica , Pensamiento , Heridas y Lesiones , Lucha , Yoga , Ejercicios Respiratorios , Adaptación Psicológica , Dopamina , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Salud Mental , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Competencia Mental , Cognición , Meditación , Disciplinas y Actividades Conductuales , Ingenio y Humor , Afecto , Terapias Mente-Cuerpo , Rol Profesional , Autonomía Personal , Reducción del Daño , Emociones , Prevención de Enfermedades , Rendimiento Atlético , Voleibol , Resiliencia Psicológica , Conducta Alimentaria , Placer , Conducta Sedentaria , Función Ejecutiva , Atletas , Pandemias , Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso , Psicología del Desarrollo , Optimismo , Autocontrol , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Dieta Saludable , Tutoría , Formación del Profesorado , Envejecimiento Saludable , Libertad , Mentalización , Regulación Emocional , Distrés Psicológico , Funcionamiento Psicosocial , Intervención Psicosocial , COVID-19 , Factores Sociodemográficos , Terapias Energéticas , Gimnasia , Hábitos , Felicidad , Promoción de la Salud , Curación Mental , Metabolismo , Motivación , Actividad Motora , Movimiento , Relajación MuscularRESUMEN
Pouco se sabe sobre a atuação do psicólogo no Brasil junto a pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os psicólogos brasileiros que trabalham com essa população e suas ações. Foram convidados a responder a um questionário online psicólogos que atuam ou atuaram junto a pessoas com diabetes. Participaram 79 psicólogos, principalmente da região Sudeste (59,5%). Todos declararam que haviam cursado pósgraduação. Na amostra, predominou o gênero feminino (89,9%), com idade entre 26 e 40 anos (46,8%). A maioria dos que atuam com diabetes declarou-se autônoma ou voluntária, e quase metade trabalhava menos do que 10 horas semanais. Entre aqueles que deixaram de trabalhar com diabetes, apenas uma minoria tinha vínculo empregatício. Além do trabalho com pessoas com diabetes, a maior parte declarou exercer outras atividades profissionais, como atendimentos clínicos em consultórios particulares, sugerindo que esta não é a atividade principal. Majoritariamente, os respondentes declararam não ter conhecimentos suficientes para o atendimento específico às pessoas com diabetes. Discute-se a qualidade da formação profissional dos psicólogos no Brasil, a necessidade de aprimoramento em relação à atuação com pessoas com diabetes e as condições de trabalho.(AU)
Little is known about the practice of psychologists in Brazil caring for people with Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this research was to identify the Brazilian psychologists who work with this population and describe their actions. Psychologists who work or have worked with people diagnosed with diabetes were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The 79 participants lived mainly in the Southeast Region (59.5%). All of them declared to have a graduate degree, most were female (89.9%), aged 26 to 40 years (46.8%). Most of those working with diabetes declared to be autonomous or voluntary, and almost half had a workload of less than 10 hours a week. Among those who stopped working with diabetes, only a minority had a formal employment contract. In addition, most of them stated that they had other professional activities related to clinical care in private offices, suggesting that working with diabetes is not their main activity. Mostly, respondents stated that they did not have enough knowledge to care for people with diabetes. The quality of professional education of psychologists in Brazil, the need for specific improvement in labor relations and conditions were discussed.(AU)
Son escasas las informaciones del trabajo de los psicólogos en Brasil con las personas con Diabetes Mellitus. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los psicólogos brasileños que trabajan con esta población y describir sus acciones. Se invitó a psicólogos que trabajan o hayan trabajado con personas con diabetes a responder un cuestionario en línea. Participaron 79 psicólogos, principalmente de la región Sureste de Brasil (59,5%). Todos declararon tener posgrado. En la muestra hubo una mayor prevalencia del género femenino (89,9%), de edades de entre 26 y 40 años (46,8%). La mayoría de los que trabajan con personas con diabetes se declararon autónomos o voluntarios, y casi la mitad trabajaba menos de 10 horas a la semana. Entre los que dejaron de trabajar con las personas con diabetes, solo una minoría tenía una relación laboral. Además de trabajar con personas con diabetes, la mayoría afirmó tener otras actividades profesionales, como la atención clínica en consultorios privados, lo que sugiere que esta no es su actividad principal. La mayoría de los encuestados afirmaron que no tenían los conocimientos suficientes para atender específicamente a las personas con diabetes. Se discuten la calidad de la formación profesional de los psicólogos en Brasil, la necesidad de mejora en relación con el trabajo con personas con diabetes y las condiciones laborales.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicología , Actuación (Psicología) , Diabetes Mellitus , Capacitación Profesional , Ansiedad , Dolor , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Atención Primaria de Salud , Política Pública , Calidad de Vida , Investigadores , Autocuidado , Unidades de Autocuidado , Autoimagen , Ciencias Sociales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Especialización , Estrés Psicológico , Terapéutica , Trasplante , Voluntarios , Cicatrización de Heridas , Conducta , Composición Corporal , Adaptación Psicológica , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Ejercicio Físico , Pérdida de Peso , Familia , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Ceguera , Colesterol , Salud Mental , Brotes de Enfermedades , Episodio de Atención , Cetoacidosis Diabética , Costo de Enfermedad , Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente , Consejo , Acceso Universal a los Servicios de Salud , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Derecho Sanitario , Muerte , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Depresión , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Angiopatías Diabéticas , Diagnóstico , Diálisis , Urgencias Médicas , Prevención de Enfermedades , Cirugía Bariátrica , Miedo , Trastorno por Atracón , Epidemias , Dolor Crónico , Insulinas , Disfunción Cognitiva , Problema de Conducta , Dieta Saludable , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento , Acceso a Medicamentos Esenciales y Tecnologías Sanitarias , Agotamiento Psicológico , Autoabandono , Tristeza , Diabulimia , Distrés Psicológico , Modelo Transteórico , Intervención Psicosocial , Control Glucémico , Factores Sociodemográficos , Bienestar Psicológico , Alimentos Procesados , Promoción de la Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Amputación Quirúrgica , Hospitalización , Hiperglucemia , Hipoglucemia , Fallo Renal Crónico , Estilo de Vida , Trastornos Mentales , Metabolismo , Enfermedades Nutricionales y Metabólicas , ObesidadRESUMEN
Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism are rare disorders with few therapeutic options for their treatments, which can make patients suffer with complications. Therefore, compounded drugs might be a promising option given that they have the ability of meeting the patient's specific needs, (i) identification of the main drugs described in the literature; (ii) proposal of compounding systems and (iii) calculation of the budgetary addition for the inclusion of these drugs into the Brazilian Unified Health System. The research conducted a literature review and used management data as well as data obtained from official Federal District government websites. The study identified 31 drugs for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Fifty eight percent (58%) (18) of the medicines had their current demand identified, which are currently unmet by the local Health System. The estimated budget for the production of compounded drugs was of R$363,16.98 per year for approximately 300 patients. This estimated cost represents a budgetary addition of only 0.17% from the total of expenditures planned for drug acquirement. There is a therapeutic gap for inborn errors of metabolism and compounding pharmacies show potential in ensuring access to medicine therapy with a low-cost investment.
Asunto(s)
Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , Metabolismo , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/complicaciones , Pacientes/clasificación , Costos y Análisis de Costo/estadística & datos numéricos , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: Los protistas del género Labyrinthula causan la denominada "Enfermedad del desgaste" en el pasto marino, Thalassia testudinum. Desde el 2008 los monitoreos en el Caribe colombiano han mostrado variación espacial y temporal en la incidencia de la enfermedad, pero sin la alta mortalidad observada en otras regiones del mundo. Objetivo: Analizar algunos parámetros epidemiológicos en T. testudinum y comparar metabolitos entre plantas sanas e infectadas. Métodos: Registramos la severidad, incidencia y prevalencia de esta enfermedad en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona e Isla de Providencia, y analizamos muestras de agua y sedimentos. Además, aplicamos cromatografía líquida y de gases, junto con espectrometría de masas, a extractos metanólicos de muestras de hojas y rizomas de brotes sanos e infectados. Resultados: Las praderas se encontraban en buen estado, a pesar de la escasez de brotes de fanerógamas marinas en Tayrona y una alta incidencia (15 %) y severidad (355 %) de la enfermedad en Providencia. Las plantas infectadas tenían niveles más bajos de fenoles, flavonoides y azúcares. Las flavonas sulfatadas con aglicona luteolina y diosmetina, los esteroles (sitosterol y estigmasterol) y las oxilipinas volátiles se acumularon en las hojas (3-hidroxi-2-isopentanona) y los ácidos isopentanoico y octadecatrienoico en los rizomas. Conclusiones: Estos pastos marinos colombianos tienen producción diferencial de metabolitos. Probablemente como una defensa exitosa, aún a niveles bajos de severidad (0.1 %) e incidencia (1 %) de la enfermedad.
Abstract Introduction: Protists of the genus Labyrinthula cause the so-called "Wasting Disease" in seagrass, Thalassia testudinum. Monitoring in the Colombian Caribbean since 2008 has shown spatial and temporal variation in the disease's incidence, but without the high mortality observed in other regions of the world. Objective: To analyze some epidemiological parameters in T. testudinum and to compare metabolites between healthy and infected plants. Methods: We recorded severity, incidence and prevalence of this disease in Tayrona National Natural Park and Providencia Island, and we analyze water and sediment samples. Additionally, we applied gas and liquid chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry, to methanolic extracts from leaf and rhizome samples of healthy and infected shoots. Results: The meadows were in good condition, despite the scarce seagrass shoots in Tayrona and a high incidence (15 %) and severity (35.5 %) of the disease in Providencia. Infected plants had lower levels of phenols, flavonoids and sugars. Sulphated flavones with aglycone luteolin and diosmetin, sterols (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and volatile oxylipins are accumulated in leaves (3-hydroxy-2-isopentanone) and isopentaenoic and octadecatrienoic acids in rhizomes. Conclusions: These Colombian seagrasses have differential production of metabolites. Probably as a successful defense, even at low levels of severity (0.1 %) and incidence (1 %) of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas , Hydrocharitaceae , Metabolismo , MusaRESUMEN
Mucopolisacaridosis de tipo III es una enfermedad rara, con una incidencia de 1 en 70 000 nacidos vivos, es la más frecuente dentro del grupo de Mucopolisacaridosis y se produce por un defecto en la vía del metabolismo del heparan sulfato. Se caracteriza por afectar a mayor profundidad el sistema nervioso central, el paciente tiene un desarrollo normal hasta aproximadamente los 1 a 3 años de edad y posteriormente empieza con deterioro progresivo, cursa con retraso del desarrollo, alteración del comportamiento y trastorno del sueño agregándose déficit motor y cuadros infecciosos, culminando en un estado de postración. La esperanza de vida oscila entre los 20 a 30 años, aunque depende del fenotipo y la principal causa de muerte fue la neumonía. El diagnóstico definitivo se consigue mediante pruebas genómicas y ensayo enzimático. No cuenta con tratamiento curativo, únicamente con paliación y soporte ante las complicaciones que va desarrollando
Mucopolysaccharidosis III is a rare disease, with an incidence of 1 in 70 000 live births, it is the most frequent within the group of Mucopolysaccharidosis and is caused by a defect in the heparan sulfate metabolism pathway. It is characterized by affecting the central nervous system in greater depth, the patient has a normal development until approximately 1 to 3 years of age and later begins with progressive deterioration, courses with developmental delay, behavioral alteration and sleep disorder, adding motor deficits and infectious pictures, culminating in a state of prostration. Life expectancy ranges from 20 to 30 years, although it depends on the phenotype, and the main cause of death is pneumonia. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by genomic tests and enzymatic assay. It does not have curative treatment, only palliation and support in the face of the complications that it develops.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Raras , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Living at high altitude increases oxidative stress. Likewise, growth and maturation during adolescence can increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ros). Changes in redox profiles have been evaluated in adults living at high altitudes; however, there are no studies on these changes in peripubertal populations living at moderate altitudes, we determine how living at moderate altitude affects the oxidative and inflammatory status of healthy preadolescents and adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy male Colombian preadolescents and adoles-cents (918 years old, Tanner scale classification) who lived at low altitude (n = 26) or moderate altitude (n = 26). Plasma oxidative and inflammatory status was assessed via spectrophotometry. Oxidative markers included malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal, and carbonyl groups. Antioxidant markers included total antioxidant status, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, uric acid, and thiols. Inflammatory markers included interleukins-1, -6, and -10 and tumor necrosis factor. Results:Only uric acid levels were higher in adolescents (5.34 and 5.66 mg/dl) compared to preadolescents (3.85 and 4.07 mg/dl) in both moderate and low altitude groups, respectively. Participants who lived at mod-erate altitude presented significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (4.82 and 3.73 nM/mg protein) and lower level of glutathione and thiols (1.21 and 1.26 µmol/mg protein) than in those at low altitude. Their inflammatory profiles did not differ. Conclusion: Oxidant profiles increased in peripubertal popu-lations residing at moderate altitude; this could be owing to antioxidant consumption by ros and active metabolism during puberty.
vivir en altura es un factor que se asocia con el estrés oxidativo. El crecimiento y la maduración pueden ser un estresor adicional. Es insuficiente la evidencia sobre alteraciones del perfil redox en peripúberes residentes a altitudes moderadas. El propósito fue establecer el efecto de vivir en una altitud moderada sobre el perfil redox e inflamatorio en preadolescentes y adolescentes sanos. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en varones preadolescentes y adolescentes sanos (9-18 años) que viven en altitud baja (n = 26) o altitud moderada (n = 26). El estado oxidativo plasmático se evaluó mediante espectrofotometría a través de marcadores de oxidación (malondialdehído e hidroxinonenal y grupos carbonilo) y antioxidantes (estado antioxidante total, glutatión, catalasa, superóxido dismutasa, ácido úrico y tioles). El perfil inflamatorio se midió con interleucinas 1, 6, 10 y factor de necrosis tumoral α. Resultados: solo el ácido úrico fue diferente entre adolescentes (5.34 y 5.66 mg/dl para moderada y baja altitud, respectivamente) y preadolescentes (3.85 y 4.07 mg/dl para moderada y baja altitud, res-pectivamente). El grupo de preadolescentes y adolescentes de moderada altitud presentó niveles más altos de malondialdehído (4.82 y 3.73 nM/mg de proteína, respectivamente) y menor glutatión y tioles (1.21 y 1.26 µmol/mg de proteína), en comparación con sus contrapartes de baja altitud. Conclusión: las poblaciones peripúberes que residen en una altitud moderada presentan un perfil oxidante más alto, lo que puede estar relacionado con la depleción de antioxidantes, por una mayor producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno relacionada con la hipoxia y el metabolismo activo de la pubertad.
viver em grandes altitudes é um fator de estresse associado ao estresse oxidativo. Durante a adolescência, os processos de crescimento e maturação podem aumentar as espécies reativas de oxi-gênio. Alterações no perfil redox foram estudadas em adultos expostos a grandes altitudes, mas não em populações peripubertais vivendo em altitudes moderadas. Nosso objetivo é estabelecer o efeito de viver em uma altitude moderada sobre o estado oxidativo e inflamatório em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes saudáveis. Materiais and métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal em pré-adolescentes e adolescen-tes colombianos saudáveis (9-18 anos, na escala de classificação de Tanner) que viviam em baixa altitude (n = 26) ou altitude moderada (n = 26). O estado oxidativo e inflamatório do plasma foi avaliado por espectrofotometria: 1) Marcadores de oxidação: grupos Malondialdeído + 4-hidroxi-trans-2-nonenal e carbonila; 2) antioxidantes: estado antioxidante total, glutationa, catalase, superóxido dismutase, ácido úrico e tióis; 3) Marcadores de inflamação: interleucinas 1, 6, 10 e fator de necrose tumoral α. Resultados:apenas o ácido úrico foi maior em adolescentes (5,34 e 5,66 mg/dl) em comparação com pré-adolescentes (3,85 e 4,07 mg/dl) dos grupos de altitude moderada e baixa, respectivamente. A altitude moderada apre-sentou níveis significativamente maiores de Malondialdeído (4,82 e 3,73 nM/mg de proteína), e menores níveis de Glutationa e tióis (1,21 e 1,26 µmol/mg de proteína), em comparação com a baixa altitude. Nenhuma diferença foi detectada no perfil inflamatório. Conclusão: as populações peripubertais que residem em altitude moderada apresentam maior perfil oxidante, o que pode estar relacionado ao con-sumo de antioxidantes devido à maior produção de ros relacionada à hipóxia e ao metabolismo ativo por volta da puberdade.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Pubertad , Estrés Oxidativo , Menores , Altitud , Crecimiento , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Os efeitos do trauma cirúrgico no organismo, os quais são amplamente estudados pela medicina humana e veterinária, resultam em uma complexa resposta neuroendócrina e imunológica, desencadeadas para restabelecer a homeostase e preservar a vida. A resposta metabólica ao trauma é caracterizada pelo aumento da secreção de hormônios hipofisários, ativação do sistema nervoso simpático e secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Essa resposta tem por objetivo manter a perfusão tecidual, controlar a proliferação de microrganismos e mobilizar substratos para garantir a integridade das funções celulares e promover reparação tecidual. Diferentes fatores podem influenciar a intensidade da resposta do organismo ao trauma, incluindo magnitude e duração dos estímulos, enfermidades ou eventos traumáticos pré-existentes, protocolos anestésicos e técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas. Respostas metabólicas exacerbadas ocasionam complicações pós-operatórias, tempo prolongado de recuperação dos pacientes e óbito. Através da identificação dos principais eventos relacionados à resposta metabólica ao trauma cirúrgico, é possível atuar de forma a reduzir os danos associados, melhorando a qualidade e minimizando os riscos do período pós-operatório. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão descrevendo a fisiopatologia e as consequências da resposta metabólica ao trauma cirúrgico, em suas diferentes formas e origens, no período perioperatório.
The effects of surgical trauma on the organism, which are widely studied by human and veterinary medicine, result in a complex neuroendocrine and immune responses triggered to restore homeostasis and preserve life. The metabolic response to trauma is characterized by increased secretion of hypophyseal hormones, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This response aims to maintain tissue perfusion, control the proliferation of microorganisms, and mobilize substrates to ensure the integrity of cellular functions and promote tissue repair. Different factors can influence the intensity of the organism's response to trauma, including magnitude and duration of stimuli, pre-existing infirmities or traumas, anaesthetic protocols, and surgical techniques applied. Exacerbated metabolic responses can cause post-operative complications, prolonged recovery time, and death. By identifying the main events related to the metabolic response to surgical trauma, it is possible to act to reduce the associated damages, improving quality and minimizing the risks of the postoperative period. Thus, the present paper aims to present a review describing the physiopathology and the consequences of the metabolic response to surgical trauma, in its different forms and origins, in the perioperative period.
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Humanos , Animales , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/metabolismo , Metabolismo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of adrenomedullary secretion on the plasma glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids (FFAs) during running exercise in rats submitted to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of physostigmine (PHY). PHY i.c.v. was used to activate the central cholinergic system. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into sham-saline (sham-SAL), sham-PHY, adrenal medullectomy-SAL, and ADM-PHY groups. The plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and FFAs were determined immediately before and after i.c.v. injection of 20 µL of SAL or PHY at rest and during running exercise on a treadmill. RESULTS: The i.c.v. injection of PHY at rest increased plasma glucose in the sham group, but not in the ADM group. An increase in plasma glucose, lactate, and FFAs mobilization from adipose tissue was observed during physical exercise in the sham-SAL group; however, the increase in plasma glucose was greater with i.c.v. PHY. Moreover, the hyperglycemia induced by exercise and PHY in the ADM group were blunted by ADM, whereas FFA mobilization was unaffected. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is a dual metabolic control by which activation of the central cholinergic pathway increases plasma glucose but not FFA during rest and exercise, and that this hyperglycemic response is dependent on adrenomedullary secretion.
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Médula Suprarrenal/fisiología , Fibras Colinérgicas/fisiología , Metabolismo/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Médula Suprarrenal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Colinérgicas/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Masculino , Metabolismo/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Fisostigmina/administración & dosificación , Fisostigmina/farmacología , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Compared with the traditional forms of cell death-apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent programmed cell death forms which is different from the above traditional forms of cell death. Brent R Stockwell, a Professor of Columbia University, firstly proposed that this from of cell death was named ferroptosis in 2012. The main characteristics of ferroptosis is increasing iron loading and driving a lot of lipid peroxide generated and ultimately lead to cell death. In this paper, the mechanism of ferroptosis, relationship between ferroptosis and common diseases and immune state of body are reviewed, and the inhibitors and inducers related to ferroptosis that have been found are summarized to provide medicine exploration targeted of ferroptosis and reference for the research in the future.
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Ferroptosis/fisiología , Enfermedad/etiología , Quimioterapia , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Assessing data from metabolic profile is a complex task depending on individual factors such as breed, age,sex and physiological status and environmental factors such as climate and management. Therefore, reference intervalsproduced in herds from different geographic regions are not always precise in the local reality. The aim of this study isto compile results of values of the most used parameters in the metabolic profile of healthy Holstein cows, grouped bylactation stage, obtained from studies in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as an effort for the elaboration of regional referenceintervals for dairy cattle in this geographic area.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was defined through the PICO strategy, considering multiparous Holsteincows from scientific studies carried out in Rio Grande do Sul, during the period 1996-2021, in which the nitrogen, glycidic, lipidic, enzymatic or mineral metabolic profile was determined. Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library andPubMed were the electronic databases selected for the search, using the following descriptors: profile and metabolicand metabolic profile and dairy or cattle or cow and Brazil and southern or Rio Grande do Sul. Studiesin Portuguese, English and Spanish languages were considered. The references of the articles initially selected were alsoverified, through ResearchGate and Google Scholar, in addition to unpublished data, unfinished studies or data in the socalled gray literature. It was possible to identify a total of 34 publications, which were tabulated to assess the scientificquality and bias risk. Studies were evaluated by a pair of independent reviewers, in order to compare results. Eligibilityconfirmation was given after the complete reading of the articles, evaluating the presence of all the inclusion selectioncriteria, such as adequate population and the intervention made. Examples of exclusion criteria for studies were studies or...
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Femenino , Animales , Bovinos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Metabolismo/fisiología , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Estándares de Referencia/métodos , BrasilRESUMEN
Sperm cells rely on different substrates to fulfil thei energy demand for different functions and diverse moments of their life. Species specific mechanism involve both energy substrate transport and their utilization: hexose transporters, a protein family of facilitative passive transporters of glucose and other hexose, have been identified in spermatozoa of different species and, within the species, their localization has been identified and, in some cases, linked to specific glycilitic enzyme presence. The catabolism of hexose sources for energy purposes has been studied in various species, and recent advances has been made in the knowledge of metabolic strategies of sperm cells. In particular, the importance of aerobic metabolism has been defined and described in horse, boar and even mouse spermatozoa; bull sperm cells demonstrate to have a good adaptability and capacity to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; finally, dog sperm cells have been demonstrated to have a great plasticity in energy metabolism management, being also able to activate the anabolic pathway of glycogen syntesis. In conclusion, the study of energy management and mitochondrial function in spermatozoa of different specie furnishes important base knowledge to define new media for preservation as well as newbases for reproductive biotechnologies.(AU)
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Animales , Masculino , Semen/citología , Mitocondrias/fisiología , Hexosas , MetabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of young bulls from three genetic groups, ½ Brangus x ½ Nellore (BRN), Nellore (NEL) and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore (CAN), reared on pasture and supplemented with mineral (MS) or energy-mineral (MES) supplement. Eighty-one bulls, with a mean age of 12 months and mean body weight of 252 ± 33 kg were used. The experiment was conducted in a 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. Each genetic group was subdivided into six experimental plots, three received MS and three received MES. Animals were managed in a rotational stocking system in a Tifton 85 grass pasture. The consumption of MS was similar between the genetic groups with an average of 0.073 kg animal-1 day-1, whereas the consumption of MES was higher for BRN, 2.10 kg animal-1 day-1, followed by CAN, with 1.57 kg animal-1 day-1, and lower for NEL, with 1.28 kg animal-1 day-1. The average daily weight gain (ADG) was greater for animals that received MES compared to those that were given MS. For animals that received MS, the BRN group had ADG of 0.64 kg animal-1, while the NEL and CAN groups were similar with a mean of 0.46 kg animal-1. For animals that received MES, the CAN group had higher ADG, 0.97 kg animal-1, while the NEL and BRN groups were similar, with an average of 0.86 kg animal-1. Blood levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, glucose and cholesterol did not change depending on the types of supplements used or between genetic groups. Higher serum urea levels were observed in NEL and CAN animals that received MS. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in BRN and CAN animals that received MES. Gains in rump height, height at the withers, body length, rump width and chest perimeter were greater in animals that received MES. Mostly, the gains in morphometric measurements were greater for crossbred animals than for the NEL group. The supply of mineral-energy supplement in Tifton 85 grass pasture during the rainy season is recommended only for Nellore and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore young bulls. Crossbred young bulls show greater gains in morphometric measurements than Nellore young bulls during rearing.(AU)
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho de tourinhos de três grupos genéticos, ½ Brangus x ½ Nelore (BRN), Nelore (NEL) e ½ Canchim x ½ Nelore (CAN), recriados à pasto e suplementados com mineral (SM) ou energético-mineral (SEM). Foram utilizados 81 tourinhos, com idade média de 12 meses e peso corporal médio de 252 ± 33 kg. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x2. Cada grupo genético foi subdividido em seis parcelas experimentais, em que três delas receberam SM e três receberam SEM. Os animais foram manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada em pasto de capim Tifton 85. O consumo de SM foi semelhante entre os grupos genéticos com média de 0,073 kg animal-1 dia-1, já o consumo de SEM foi maior para o BRN com 2,10 kg animal-1 dia-1, seguido pelo CAN com 1,57 kg animal-1 dia-1 e menor para o NEL com 1,28 kg animal-1 dia-1. O ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) foi maior para os animais que receberam SEM em relação aos que receberam SM. Para os animais que receberam SM, o grupo BRN apresentou GMD de 0,64 kg animal-1, enquanto os grupos NEL e CAN foram semelhantes com média de 0,46 kg animal-1. Para os animais que receberam SEM o grupo CAN apresentou maior GMD com 0,97 kg animal-1, enquanto os grupos NEL e BRN foram semelhantes com média de 0,86 kg animal-1. Os níveis sanguíneos de proteína total, albumina, creatinina, glicose e colesterol não foram alterados em função dos tipos de suplementos utilizados ou entre os grupos genéticos. Maiores níveis séricos de ureia foram observados nos animais NEL e CAN que receberam SM. Os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase foram maiores em animais BRN e CAN que receberam SEM. Os ganhos de altura de garupa, altura de cernelha, comprimento, largura de garupa, perímetro torácico e largura de peito foram maiores em animais que receberam SEM. Em sua maioria, os ganhos de medidas morfométricas foram maiores para os animais mestiços do que para o NEL. O fornecimento de suplemento energético-mineral em pasto de capim Tifton 85 durante o período das águas é recomendado apenas para tourinhos Nelore e ½ Canchim x ½ Nelore. Tourinhos mestiços apresentam maiores ganhos em medidas morfométricas que tourinhos Nelore durante a recria.(AU)
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Animales , Bovinos , Peso Corporal , Pastizales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , CynodonRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women's functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = - 0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = - 0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as potenciais influências do polimorfismo genético R/X do gene ACTN3 e das características antropométricas e metabólicas no desempenho funcional de mulheres idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde. Método: Cento e quarenta e uma idosas foram avaliadas em relação as características antropométricas, metabólicas, funcionais, aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e demográficos. Foram determinadas as frequências de alelos e genótipos do polimorfismo do gene ACTN3. Resultados: 141 idosas (68,30 ± 6,18 anos) foram avaliadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre os genótipos RR e RX/XX no desempenho funcional, características antropométricas ou metabólicas das idosas. O tempo de realização do TUG apresentou correlações positivas com idade, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura (s = 0,315; p < 0,001; s = 0,238; p = 0,005; s = 0,174; p = 0,039; s = 0,207; p = 0,014) respectivamente. Correlações negativas foram observadas entre o TUG com força de preensão manual absoluta (s = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e relativa (s = - 0,380; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, não foram observadas influências dos polimorfismos do gene ACTN3 no desempenho funcional das idosas, sendo este, influenciado por outros fatores.
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Atención Primaria de Salud , Variación Genética/genética , Mujeres , Anciano/fisiología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Antropometría/instrumentación , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Abstract Changes in metabolite levels of patients using the long-term drug can be comprehensively demonstrated by pharmacometabolomic studies. In this study, biological alterations induced by the administration of solifenacin succinate were investigated with a pharmacometabolomics approach on rat metabolism. Plasma samples obtained from rats were analyzed by LC-Q- TOF/MS/MS. METLIN and HMDB databases were used to identify metabolites. Data were processed and classified with MATLAB 2017b. 53 m/z values were found to be significantly different between the drug and control groups (p ≤ 0.01 and fold analysis > 1.5) and identified by comparing METLIN and HMDB databases. According to multivariate data analysis, changes in arachidonic acid, thromboxane A2, palmitic acid, choline, calcitriol, histamine phosphate, retinyl ester, l-cysteine, l-leucine, beta-alanine, l-histidine levels were found to be statistically significant compare to the control group. Differences in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, aminoacyl-tRNA, tyrosine, tryptophan, metabolism of glycerophospholipid, cysteine, methionine, histidine, arachidonic metabolism have been successfully demonstrated by the metabolomics approach. Our study provides important information to explain the efficacy and toxicity of chronic administration of solifenacin succinate
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Animales , Ratas , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolómica/métodos , Succinato de Solifenacina/farmacología , Metabolismo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Introducción: la fenilcetonuria (PKU) es el error congénito del metabolismo de las proteínas más frecuente. El tratamiento dietético consiste en un plan de alimentación con una ingesta de proteínas naturales restringida, un sustituto proteico libre o de bajo contenido en fenilalanina (Phe) y el aporte de alimentos muy bajos en proteínas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue investigar si es posible aumentar la ingesta de proteína natural (PN) que se indica a los pacientes con PKU manteniendo los dosajes de Phe en sangre en rangos de seguridad. Materiales y método: se buscaron en 6 bases de datos electrónicas artículos publicados. Se identificaron un total de 154 artículos de Pub Med por intervalo de años desde 1999 a 2020. Se eligieron 15 artículos que se adaptaron a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y respondían al objeto de estudio de esta revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: hay varios factores que pueden influenciar la estimación de la tolerancia de Phe como la severidad del fenotipo del paciente, la edad, el rango de seguridad de Phe en sangre, la prescripción de Phe y la adherencia al sustituto proteico. Si los niveles de Phe en sangre se mantienen en forma constante dentro del rango adecuado y por un período determinado, se debería considerar un incremento de la ingesta de Phe. El aumento de la ingesta de PN deberá ser realizado de manera controlada, individual y evaluando en forma constante el impacto en los dosajes de Phe en sangre. Conclusión: optimizar la ingesta de PN ofrece una mejora en la calidad de vida de pacientes con PKU, facilita la capacidad del paciente para socializar y contribuye a una mejor adherencia a la dieta(AU).
Introduction: phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of protein metabolism. The dietary treatment consists of a diet with a restricted natural protein intake, a free or low phenylalanine (Phe) protein substitute, and the intake of low protein food. The main objective of this work is to analyze if it is possible to increase the natural protein (NP) intake prescribed to PKU patients while maintaining blood Phe dosages within safe range. Materials and method: studies published were searched in 6 electronic data- basis. A total of 154 Pub Med articles were identified by range of years from 1999 to 2020. Fifteen articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and responded to the objective of this bibliographic review were chosen. Results: several factors may influence Phe tolerance, such as severity of the patient´s phenotype, age, blood Phe safe range, Phe prescription and adherence to protein substitute. If Phe blood levels remain constantly within safe range and for a certain period, an increase of Phe intake should be considered. Increase of NP intake must be carried out in a controlled manner, individually and constantly evaluating blood Phe levels. Conclusion: optimizing NP intake offers the PKU patient an improvement in quality of life, facilitates the patient´s ability to socialize and contributes to a better adherence to the diet(AU).
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Fenilcetonurias , Fenilcetonurias/dietoterapia , Proteínas , Ingestión de Alimentos , MetabolismoRESUMEN
The development of techniques to increase sperm longevity demands knowledge about cell metabolism. Sperm requires a constant supply of energy to maintain its cell functions. Approximately 500 metabolic reactions take place in somatic cells, and several of them require energy. Most of the produced energy goes for sperm motility, which is an ATP-dependent specialized process. Spermatozoa possess the required mechanisms to produce energy through glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding these pathways provides knowledge on the interactions between the semen extender substrates and sperm cells. The aim of this review is to approach the major energy producing pathways of the sperm, as well as the substrates available for this metabolism.(AU)
Para o desenvolvimento de técnicas que visam o aumento da longevidade espermática, é necessário o entendimento metabólico desta célula. O espermatozoide exige um fornecimento constante de energia para a manutenção das funções celulares. Aproximadamente 500 reações metabólicas são conhecidas por ocorrer nas células somáticas, sendo que grande parte delas requer energia. Para atingir seu objetivo, grande parte da produção energética do espermatozoide é destinada à motilidade, o qual é um processo especializado e dependente de ATP. O espermatozoide possui os mecanismos necessários para produzir energia através da glicólise, Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico (Ciclo de Krebs) e Fosforilação Oxidativa. O entendimento destas vias torna-se indispensável para a compreensão das interações entre os substratos do meio diluente e o espermatozoide. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar as principais vias de produção energética do espermatozoide, assim como os substratos disponíveis para metabolização.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Mamíferos/fisiología , Motilidad Espermática , Glucólisis , Ciclo del Ácido Cítrico , Adenosina Trifosfato , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Introducción: La variación del magnesio y de indicadores bioquímicos del metabolismo óseo-mineral según la tasa de filtración glomerular en jóvenes sin enfermedad renal es poco conocida por lo que es necesario considerarla para delimitar lo no atribuible a enfermedad renal crónica. El papel que desempeña el magnesio está en estudio. En la enfermedad renal crónica hay una alteración progresiva del metabolismo óseo-mineral que comienza tempranamente. Objetivos: Evaluar valores séricos de magnesio, calcio, fósforo, fosfatasa alcalina y parathormona, excreciones urinarias de 24 h y excreción fraccional de estos electrolitos según categoría G de tasa de filtración glomerular estimada por clearance de creatinina: G1 (normal a alta) y G2 (levemente disminuida) en estudiantes sin enfermedad renal crónica. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico y corte transversal con una muestra de 55 estudiantes voluntarios sin enfermedad renal en el periodo 2018 a 2019. Los analitos se determinaron en suero y algunos en orina de 24 h. Resultados: Solamente magnesio sérico y excreción fraccional de magnesio excreción fraccional de magnesio mostraron diferencias significativas según la categoría G (p < 0,05). Los valores de magnesio sérico magnesio sérico estuvieron dentro de los valores de referencia para el método. En G2, magnesio sérico, descendido respecto a G1 y excreción fraccional de magnesio aumentada, inversamente relacionados. El magnesio sérico disminuyó en promedio 0,26 mg/dL por unidad de aumento de excreción fraccional de magnesio (p = 0,0502). Conclusiones: Se observaron diferencias en magnesio sérico y excreción fraccional de magnesio al comparar los resultados en G1 y G2. Los demás indicadores bioquímicos estudiados no mostraron diferencias por categoría G. Diseños de corte longitudinal en muestras mayores pueden confirmar o no estos hallazgos. Tales estudios pueden aportar a la comprensión de cambios bioquímicos del metabolismo óseo-mineral en etapas iniciales de disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular(AU)
Introduction: Not much is known about the variation in magnesium and biochemical indicators of the osseous-mineral metabolism according to glomerular filtration rate testing in young people without kidney disease. This variation should therefore be considered to delimit whatever is not attributable to chronic kidney disease. The role played by magnesium is currently under study. In chronic kidney disease a progressive alteration of the osseous-mineral metabolism starts early. Objectives: Evaluate serum values of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone, 24-hour urinary excretion and fractional excretion of these electrolytes according to category G of the glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance: G1 (normal to high) and G2 (slightly reduced) in students without chronic kidney disease. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample of 55 student volunteers without kidney disease in the period 2018-2019. The analytes were determined in serum and some in 24-hour urine. Results: Only serum magnesium and magnesium fractional excretion displayed significant differences according to category G (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium values were within the reference values for the method. In G2, serum magnesium was lower than in G1, whereas magnesium fractional excretion was higher, i.e. an inverse relation is observed. Serum magnesium reduction averaged 0.26 mg/dl per unit of magnesium fractional excretion increase (p = 0.0502). Conclusions: Comparison of G1 and G2 results revealed differences in serum magnesium and magnesium fractional excretion. The remaining biochemical indicators studied did not show any differences in category G. Longitudinal studies with larger samples may or may not confirm these findings, thus contributing to a better understanding of the biochemical changes in osseous-mineral metabolism occurring in the initial stages of glomerular filtration rate reduction(AU)