Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente. Tercera edición / Roadmap to ending tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Third edition

La presente tercera edición (denominada "hoja de ruta del 2023") de la Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente es una actualización de las versiones de la Hoja de ruta del 2013 y del 2018. La versión 2023 reconoce los progresos realizados en los últimos cinco años y describe las prioridades y las acciones clave diseñadas para acelerar el progreso hacia los objetivos elaborados durante el evento. Se espera que la aplicación de estas medidas clave a nivel subnacional, nacional, regional y mundial en el contexto de la cobertura universal de salud permita encontrar y tratar más casos de enfermedad o infección por Tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente, a fin de prevenir la tuberculosis, mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y prevenir la discapacidad asociada a la tuberculosis. La hoja de ruta del 2023 se mantiene el fuerte énfasis en la tuberculosis infantil, al tiempo que se destaca la importancia de abordar la tuberculosis en la población adolescente y, por primera vez, en las mujeres durante el embarazo o el puerperio

Fostering collective action for adolescent well-being: citizen science in a Colombian semi-rural area.

We present findings from the Our Voice in Barú project, examining adolescent engagement in citizen science to address environmental and social factors affecting well-being in a semi-rural Afro-descendant community in Latin America. The project aimed to identify barriers and enablers of well-being, informing adolescent-led actions for sustainable environmental changes relevant to adolescent health. Utilizing the Our Voice citizen science method, which involved technology-enabled walks, participatory cartography workshops and community meetings, we engaged adolescents and other community members. Complex systems framework was employed to analyze results and assess the promotion of collective action and local change. Local enablers of well-being included availability of quality sports and recreational venues as safe spaces, educational settings and cultural aspects, fostering safety, community pride, and personal growth. Conversely, barriers included environmental contamination, deteriorated sports venues and drug addiction, indicating the community's limited access to services and exposure to harmful substances. Adolescent citizen scientists, in partnership with the research team and relevant community decision-makers, successfully achieved changes aimed at identified barriers, including infrastructural enhancements like the repair of pumps to remove stagnant water, improvements in the quality and safety of recreational venues, and the implementation of community-led initiatives to address substance abuse and promote healthier behaviors. The Our Voice in Barú project empowered adolescents to advocate for change and promoted collective action to tackle barriers identified as significant to their well-being.

Preparándonos para una maternidad saludable, segura y voluntaria. Rotafolio para el agente comunitario de salud / Preparing for healthy, safe and voluntary motherhood. Flipchart for community health workers

El presente material educativo en rotafolio, el cual forma parte de la estrategia del agente comunitario de salud, para mejorar su comprensión con las familias y la comunidad sobre la maternidad del adolescente. Asimismo, la información ayudará a mejorar sus actividades y a dominar las prácticas clave para el cuidado de la salud de las personas adolescentes. Asimismo proporciona instrucciones para el seguimiento en la implementación de los pasos de salud materno infantil, igualmente provee de fichas de tabulación a utilizar, fichas a usar durante las diferentes entrevistas, modelos de informes y acta de compromiso del establecimiento de salud para su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno

Accelerating Well-being for Adolescents Through Transformative Public Policy: A Framework for Action.

PURPOSE: As governments around the world are shaping policy responses to advance adolescent well-being and protect their rights, the tools and resources to strengthen policy foundations, and ultimately improve their effectiveness, remain limited. This paper proposes a framework to support policy action with an explicit adolescent focus and applies it to two illustrative case studies to unpack the underlying policy conditions for success. METHODS: We develop an analytic framework with an adolescent lens that focuses on the full policy life-course, from development, to implementation, to evaluation. We then choose two illustrative case studies to apply this framework - 1) abolition of secondary school fees policy in Kenya and 2) age of marriage law in Mexico. These cases were chosen based on the existence of rigorous causal evidence of effect, alignment of salience with expert opinions, broad-based implications for adolescents across contexts, and varied levels of success at achieving intended outcomes. RESULTS: Our framework identified six key components as critical foundations for adolescent-focused policies: (1) policy features and costs, (2) implementation considerations, (3) participatory approach, (4) inclusion and coverage, (5) policy appropriateness, and (6) monitoring and evaluation, each with key adolescent-specific elements. We find that the majority of the essential policy elements are addressed in the school fees abolition policy (Kenya), but are sparser in the age of marriage law (Mexico). The results also highlight the lack of decentralized monitoring as well as meaningful adolescent engagement at any level of policy development as potential drivers of ineffectiveness of adolescent-centric policies. DISCUSSION: Our adolescent policy analysis framework can serve as an important tool to define principles in the development of effective adolescent policies. It also can serve as a useful evaluation tool to unpack the 'black box' of policy effectiveness when combined with robustly estimated effects.

Aceleración mundial de las medidas para promover la salud de los adolescentes (Guía AA-HA!): orientación para apoyar la aplicación en los países, segunda edición

Los adolescentes no son simplemente niños mayores ni adultos jóvenes. Esta observación es clave para entender la salud de los adolescentes en el ámbito de la salud pública global. La primera edición de la “Guía de Acción Global Acelerada para la Salud de los Adolescentes (AA-HA!)”, publicada hace seis años, subrayó la necesidad de una respuesta integral a la salud adolescente, tras décadas de descuido. La segunda edición de la guía AA-HA! es un esfuerzo colaborativo liderado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, junto con ONUSIDA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, ONU Mujeres, el Programa Mundial de Alimentos y PMNCH. Basándose en la primera edición y en las voces de adolescentes y jóvenes de todo el mundo, esta guía ha evolucionado incorporando lecciones de los últimos seis años, incluyendo los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Las últimas estimaciones de mortalidad y carga de morbilidad, junto con evidencia actualizada y un enfoque más amplio en el bienestar, convierten a esta segunda edición en un recurso de vanguardia para los responsables de políticas en salud adolescente. AA-HA! 2.0 ofrece una visión del panorama actual de salud y bienestar de los más de 1,200 millones de adolescentes en el mundo, destacando soluciones basadas en evidencia y estrategias para establecer prioridades, planificar, implementar y evaluar programas de salud y bienestar. La inclusión de estrategias y estudios de casos convierte a esta guía en una herramienta práctica para que los gobiernos diseñen e implementen una nueva generación de programas de salud y bienestar para adolescentes.

Aceleración mundial de las medidas para promover la salud de los adolescentes (Guía AA-HA!): orientación para apoyar la aplicación en los países / Global acceleration of action to promote adolescent health (AA-HA!): guidance to support implementation in countries

Basándose en la primera edición y en las voces de adolescentes y jóvenes de todo el mundo, la presente guía ha evolucionado incorporando lecciones de los últimos seis años, incluyendo los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Las últimas estimaciones de mortalidad y carga de morbilidad, junto con evidencia actualizada y un enfoque más amplio en el bienestar, convierten a esta segunda edición en un recurso de vanguardia para los responsables de políticas en salud adolescente. Asimismo, ofrece una visión del panorama actual de salud y bienestar de los más de 1,200 millones de adolescentes en el mundo, destacando soluciones basadas en evidencia y estrategias para establecer prioridades, planificar, implementar y evaluar programas de salud y bienestar

The role of nurses in implementation of public policy on adolescent health in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

BACKGROUND: In Latin America, interventions aimed at adolescents' health suffer from a shortfall of investment and lack of sustainability. Nurses, as an integral part of health services and systems, can lead the implementation and development of public health policies to improve adolescent health. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the role of nurses in the development and implementation of public policies and in the provision of health care to adolescents in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. METHODS: The research was carried out in three phases: a documentary analysis, an online survey, and semi-structured focus groups. A total of 48 documents were analyzed, 288 nurses participated in the survey, and 29 nurses participated in the focus groups. RESULTS: State policies aim to guarantee rights, with special protection for children and adolescents. It is an incremental process, with greater involvement of civil society and governments. Participants reported a lack of synergy between law and practice, as well as differences in regulatory compliance in rural areas and in populations of different ethnicities and cultures. Their perception was that the protection of adolescents is not specifically enshrined in the legal bases and regulatory structures of the countries, meaning that there are both protective factors and tensions in the regulatory framework. While nurses are highly committed to different actions aimed at adolescents, their participation in policy development and implementation is low, with barriers related to a lack of specialized training and working conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Given nurses' involvement in different actions aimed at adolescents, they could play a fundamental role in the development of policies for adolescents and ensure their effective implementation. Policymakers should consider revising the budget to make compliance viable, incorporating and using monitoring indicators, and increasing the involvement of educational institutions and the community.

Sesiones de cuidado integral de la salud para el empoderamiento adolescente / Learning sessions: Comprehensive health care for adolescent empowerment

La presente publicación describe las sesiones educativas con materiales que facilitan el entendimiento para fortalecer los factores protectores. Al respecto, se presenta las cuatro sesiones referenciales, las mismas que forman parte del conjunto de prestaciones del paquete de cuidado integral de salud del adolescente establecidos en la "Norma Técnica de Salud para la Atención Integral de Salud de Adolescentes" (NTS N° 157-MINSA/2019/DGIESP, aprobado por. R.M. N° 1001-2019/MINSA) que se brindan a los adolescentes hombres y mujeres de 12 a 17 años con 11 meses y 29 días y cuyos bienes y servicios se encuentran programados en el Producto: "Adolescentes acceden a servicios de salud para prevención de embarazo", cuyos criterios de programación indican que los establecimientos de salud brindan sesiones educativas en salud sexual y reproductiva para adolescentes (uno o tres temas de forma anual, por año de vida del adolescente)

Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario Kidscreen-52 en población infanto­juvenil colombiana / Psychometric properties of the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire in Colombian child-youth population / Propriedades psicométricas do questionário Kidscreen-52 na população infanto-juvenil colombiana

Antecedentes: la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es una variable determinante para evaluar en los niños, y se requieren escalas objetivas para su medición, existe la escala Kidscreen-52 pero se desconoce su calidad métrica en población colombiana, por eso el presente estudio de corte psicométrico, tuvo como objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario Kidscreen-52 en población infanto-juvenil en Colombia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1155 niños y adolescentes distribuidos en 615 hombres (53,2%) y 540 mujeres (46,8%), con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 17 años (media = 13,94; D.E. = 1,370), y se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, y análisis de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach, omega de McDonald, valores de Guttman y Greatest Lower Bound). Resultados: el análisis factorial exploratorio denota 10 factores asociados a calidad de vida, que explican el 53,86% de la varianza acumulada, modelo verificado con el análisis factorial confirmatorio, así como valores de fiabilidad que oscilan entre .947 y .984. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran una alta confiabilidad y concordancia en la estructura factorial con la versión original, lo que implica una adecuada validez y consistencia interna de la prueba, y se recomienda como una escala objetiva para evaluar calidad de vida en población infantil y juvenil en Colombia.

Background: health-related quality of life is a determining variable to be evaluated in children, and objective scales are required for its measurement, the Kidscreen-52 scale exists but its metric quality in the Colombian population is unknown, for the above the aim of this psychometric study was to analyze psychometrically the Spanish version of the Kidscreen 52 questionnaire in a population of children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. The sample consisted of 1155 children and adolescents distributed in 615 males (53.2%) and 540 females (46.8%), aged between 10 and 17 years (mean = 13.94; SD = 1.370), and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analyses (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Guttman values and Greatest Lower Bound) were carried out. Results: the exploratory actor analysis showed 10 factors associated with quality of life, which explained 53.86% of the accumulated variance of the model, verified with the confirmatory factor analysis, and a Cronbach's alpha between .947 y .984. Conclusions: the results show a high reliability and concordance in the factorial structure with the original version, which implies an adequate validity and internal consistency of the test and is recommended as an objective scale to assess quality of life in children and adolescents in Colombia.

Antecedentes: a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde é uma variável determinante a avaliar nas crianças, sendo necessárias escalas objectivas para a sua medição. A escala Kidscreen-52 existe mas desconhece-se a sua qualidade métrica na população colombiana, pelo que o presente estudo psicométrico teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão espanhola do questionário Kidscreen-52 na população infantil e adolescente da Colômbia. A amostra foi constituída por 1155 crianças e adolescentes, distribuídos por 615 do sexo masculino (53,2%) e 540 do sexo feminino (46,8%), com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 17 anos (média = 13,94; DP = 1,370), e foram realizadas análises factoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias e análises de fiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach, ómega de McDonald, Guttman e valores Greatest Lower Bound). Resultados: a análise fatorial exploratória mostra 10 factores associados à qualidade de vida, que explicam 53,86% da variância acumulada, modelo verificado com a análise fatorial confirmatória, bem como valores de fiabilidade que variam entre.947 e .984. Conclusões: os resultados mostram uma elevada fiabilidade e concordância na estrutura fatorial com a versão original, o que implica uma adequada validade e consistência interna do teste, sendo recomendado como escala objetiva para avaliar a qualidade de vida em crianças e jovens na Colômbia.

El acceso a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva en la región de las Américas

Esta publicación presenta los lineamientos y acuerdos del documento informativo “Estado del acceso a servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva”, elaborado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud a solicitud de sus Estados Miembros en la 30.ª Conferencia Sanitaria Panamericana. El documento fue presentado y aprobado por unanimidad por los países de la Región de las Américas en la 60.º Reunión delConsejo Directivo, 75.ª Sesión del Comité Regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para las Américas, realizada en Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América, del 25 al 29 de septiembre del 2023. Su objetivo es describir el estado de situación del acceso a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en la Región de las Américas, identificar respuestas sanitarias y barreras de acceso, y sugerir recomendaciones para los países. El documento desarrollado a partir de una revisión y sistematización de datos, planes e iniciativas, artículos científicos, informes de Naciones Unidas y marcos jurídicos y regulatorios sobre SSR.

Access to sexual and reproductive health services in the Region of the Americas

This brief presents the guidelines and agreements in the information document Status of access to sexual and reproductive health services, prepared by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) at the request of its Member States at the 30th Pan American Sanitary Conference. It was presented and unanimously approved by the countries of the Region of the Americas at the 60th Meeting of the Directing Council, 75th session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Americas, held in Washington, D.C., USA, September 25-29, 2023. Its objective is to describe the status of access to sexual and reproductive health services in the Americas region, identify health responses and barriers to access, and suggest recommendations for countries. It was developed based on a review and systematization of data, plans and initiatives, scientific papers, United Nations reports, and legal and regulatory frameworks on sexual and reproductive health.

Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente. Tercera edición

Esta tercera edición (denominada “hoja de ruta del 2023”) de la Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente es una actualización de las versiones de la Hoja de ruta del 2013 y del 2018. La versión 2023 reconoce los progresos realizados en los últimos cinco años y describe las prioridades y las acciones clave diseñadas para acelerar el progreso hacia los objetivos elaborados durante la Reunión de Alto Nivel de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas sobre la lucha contra la tuberculosis de 2023. Se espera que la aplicación de estas medidas clave a nivel subnacional, nacional, regional y mundial en el contexto de la cobertura universal de salud permita encontrar y tratar más casos de enfermedad o infección por Tuberculosis (TB) en la población infantil y adolescente, a fin de prevenir la TB, mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y prevenir la discapacidad asociada a la TB. La hoja de ruta del 2023 se mantiene el fuerte énfasis en la TB infantil, al tiempo que se destaca la importancia de abordar la TB en la población adolescente y, por primera vez, en las mujeres durante el embarazo o el puerperio. La tercera edición está en consonancia con las directrices unificadas y el manual operativo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicados en el 2022 sobre el manejo de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente. Su desarrollo se ha beneficiado de importantes aportaciones técnicas del equipo central del Grupo de trabajo sobre la TB en la población infantil y adolescente a lo largo de todo el proceso, y de aportaciones adicionales de los miembros del grupo de trabajo y de los representantes de los países durante una consulta con las partes interesadas. La OPS/OMS seguirá colaborando con las personas sobrevivientes de la TB, la comunidad, la sociedad civil y los asociados técnicos y económicos para promover y facilitar la aplicación de las medidas fundamentales destacadas en la hoja de ruta 2023.

Parent-child conflict and adolescent health literacy in Mexico: Results from a nationwide dyad study in Mexico.

Research suggests that health literacy (HL) is critical in preventing and managing health problems. However, over half of adults in Mexico report having inadequate health literacy. Research suggests the parent-child relationship can be a key predictor of developmental competencies; however, little research has examined how dyadic family interactions relate to HL. This study examined whether parent-child relationship conflict was associated with adolescent health literacy among families living in Mexico. Data from a parent-child dyads in Mexico were gathered using online surveys (N = 746, 373 parent-child dyads). Our findings suggested that child-reported family conflict-but not parent-reported family conflict - was associated with lower adolescent health literacy. Researchers and practitioners should consider how parent-child conflict may impact adolescent health outcomes, and prioritise child reports in data collection.

El papel de los profesionales de enfermería en el desarrollo y atención de la salud adolescente en Honduras / The role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras / Papel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Identificar y analizar el papel de los profesionales de enfermería en el desarrollo y la atención de la salud adolescente en Honduras, por medio del análisis de los contenidos de la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería y de las políticas relacionadas con la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos, con enfoque explicativo secuencial, desarrollado de mayo a julio del 2023 por medio de encuesta con escuelas de enfermería, análisis de los documentos políticos, encuesta con profesionales de enfermería y grupo focal. Datos cuantitativos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y datos cualitativos analizados mediante el marco teórico de Walt y Gilson. Resultados. Durante la investigación, se analizaron 18 documentos y participaron siete escuelas de enfer- mería, 141 enfermeras y 10 actores clave en posición de liderazgo. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de actualizar y difundir el marco normativo, garantizar recursos y estructura para implementar programas intersectoriales y sostenibles, y capacitar a los profesionales. La escuela representa un espacio importante para la implementación de acciones, contexto en el que la adopción de la enfermera escolar puede ser pro- vechosa. Las enfermeras fueron identificadas como protagonistas en la aplicación de los programas y deben ser consideradas en el desarrollo de políticas dirigidas a este público. Conclusiones. Las enfermeras participan en diversas etapas del proceso de implementación de políticas y pueden hacer importantes contribuciones a la salud escolar en el primer nivel de salud. Para ello, es necesa- rio aumentar la capacidad de las enfermeras y docentes de enfermería en temas actuales y relevantes en la atención a los adolescentes.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Identify and analyze the role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras, by analyzing the curricular content of the training provided to nursing students with res- pect to adolescent health, and by studying policies on adolescent health. Methods. Mixed methods study, with a sequential explanatory approach, carried out from May to July 2023 through surveys of nursing schools, analysis of policy documents, a survey with nursing professionals, and a focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data, applying the theoretical framework of Walt and Gilson. Results. During the research, 18 documents were analyzed and seven nursing schools, 141 nurses, and 10 key actors in leadership positions participated. The results point to the need to update and disseminate the regulatory framework, ensure the necessary resources and structure to implement sustainable intersectoral programs, and train professionals. Schools are an important space for the implementation of actions; in this context, the adoption of school nursing programs could be beneficial. Nurses were identified as key figu- res in program implementation and should be taken into consideration when developing policies aimed at adolescents. Conclusions. Nurses participate in various stages of the policy implementation process and can make impor- tant contributions to school health at the first level of care. To this end, it is necessary to increase the capacities of nurses and nursing educators in relation to current and relevant issues in adolescent care.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar e analisar o papel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras por meio de análise do conteúdo da formação dos estudantes de enfermagem em saúde de adolescentes e das políticas relacionadas aos adolescentes. Métodos. Estudo de métodos mistos, com abordagem sequencial explanatória, realizado de maio a julho de 2023 por meio de um questionário aplicado a escolas de enfermagem, análise de documentos de política, um questionário aplicado a profissionais de enfermagem e um grupo focal. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados mediante estatísticas descritivas, e os qualitativos, usando o modelo teórico de Walt e Gilson. Resultados. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados 18 documentos. Sete escolas de enfermagem, 141 pro- fissionais de enfermagem e 10 atores-chave em cargos de liderança participaram do estudo. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de atualizar e divulgar o marco normativo, garantir recursos e estrutura para a implementação de programas intersetoriais e sustentáveis e capacitar os profissionais. A escola representa um espaço importante para a implementação de ações, contexto no qual a adoção da enfermagem escolar pode ser proveitosa. Os profissionais de enfermagem foram identificados como atores-chave na implemen- tação dos programas e devem ser levados em consideração no desenvolvimento de políticas voltadas para esse público. Conclusões. Os profissionais de enfermagem estão envolvidos em vários estágios do processo de imple- mentação de políticas e podem fazer aportes importantes para a saúde escolar no nível da atenção primária. Para isso, é necessário aumentar a capacitação dos profissionais e docentes de enfermagem em tópicos atuais e relevantes da atenção a adolescentes.

Adolescent Mental Health Before and During COVID-19: Longitudinal Evidence From the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil.

PURPOSE: There is great interest in examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health, but most studies were conducted in high-income countries. The identification of overall effects and protective factors is essential to understand the determinants of mental wellbeing in contexts of stress. We aimed to study changes in adolescent mental health during the pandemic and the risk and protective factors associated with these changes in a Brazilian birth cohort. METHODS: One thousand nine hundred forty nine adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were assessed prepandemic (T1, November 2019 to March 2020, mean age 15.69 years) and mid-pandemic (T2, August to December 2021, mean age 17.41 years). Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Prepandemic and pandemic-related predictors were examined as predictors of change in multivariate latent change scores models. RESULTS: There was a mean increase in adolescent total mental health difficulties (M = 1.071, p < .001), hyperactivity/inattention (M = 0.208, p < .001), emotion symptoms (M = 0.409, p < .001), and peer problems (M = 0.434, p < .001) during the pandemic. This increase was associated with several negative family context variables, including harsh parenting and maternal depressive symptoms at T2. Higher emotion regulation levels protected against increases in adolescent mental health difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION: Family-context variables emerged as important risk factors for the deterioration of adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting emotion regulation strategies are a promising approach to protecting adolescent wellbeing in periods of stress.

Percepción de los adolescentes y jóvenes sobre la atención en servicios de salud de El Salvador / Adolescents and Young People's Perception of Care in Health Services in El Salvador

Introducción. Los Servicios de Salud Amigables son espacios de atención integral y diferencial para personas adolescentes y jóvenes, que parten de sus necesidades biológicas, sociales y afectivas. Objetivo. Evaluar las percepciones de las juventudes sobre la calidad de atención que recibieron y su experiencia en las Unidades de Salud. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio mixto que recogió las percepciones de los participantes en dos etapas sucesivas. Primero, con un cuestionario se evaluó la calidad de atención y experiencia de los usuarios; luego, mediante entrevistas grupales e individuales se estimó el nivel de satisfacción. Resultados. El 68,2 % de los jóvenes y adolescentes desconocen los programas exclusivos para ellos. El servicio más utilizado es el de medicina general (76,6 %). En cuanto a la atención recibida, el respeto, la confianza y la privacidad brindada por los profesionales de salud fue calificada como excelente o muy buena (76 %). El 39,7 % reportó que el tiempo de espera fue de 30 a 60 minutos; el 17,6 % refirió esperar más de dos horas. Conclusión. Aunque la percepción de las unidades de salud por parte de los adolescentes y jóvenes en general es buena, los Servicios de Salud Amigables cuentan con barreras que interfieren en el acceso, oportunidad y aceptabilidad

Introduction. Friendly Health Services are spaces of comprehensive and differential care for adolescents and young people, which start from their biological, social and emotional. Objective. Evaluate the perceptions of youth about the quality of care they received and their experience in the Community Family Health Units. Methodology. A mixed study was carried out that collected the perceptions of the participants in two successive stages. First with a questionnaire that evaluated the quality of care and experience of users, then through group and individual interviews that estimated the level of satisfaction. Results. Youth consult health establishments, although 68.2 % are unaware of the exclusive programs for them (Friendly Health Services). The most used service was general medicine (76.6 %). Regarding the care received, the respect, trust and privacy provided by health professionals was rated as excellent or very good (76 %). 39.7 % reported that the waiting time was 30 to 60 minutes, 17.6 % reported waiting more than two hours. Conclusion. Currently, there is a need to improve access to services for adolescents and young people by socializing the offer to encourage their use, increase attention in preventive areas and implement their evaluation with methods different from current ones

Atividade física para crianças e adolescentes: barreiras e facilitadores da implementação / Physical activity for children and adolescents: barriers and facilitators of implementation

Contexto - A atividade física (AF), por meio de uma prática regular, contribui para reduzir os riscos à saúde, controlar doenças cardíacas, diabetes tipo 2, câncer, e outras doenças e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, até 5 milhões de mortes por ano poderiam ser evitadas no mundo se a população fosse mais ativa. No entanto, a influência de fatores individuais, coletivos, ambientais, culturais, econômicos e políticos podem contribuir ou prejudicar a prática de AF. Pergunta - Quais são as barreiras e os facilitadores para a implementação da atividade física na promoção da saúde de crianças e adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS)? Métodos - As buscas dos estudos foram realizadas em dezembro de 2023 nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Apenas o processo de seleção de estudos recuperados foi realizado em duplicidade e de modo independente. Resultados - De 1030 registros identificados, cinco estudos foram incluídos, três qualitativos, um quanti-qualitativo e uma revisão de literatura. Os resultados são apresentados em categorias de facilitadores e barreiras relacionados aos usuários, profissionais e serviços de saúde.

Context - Physical activity (PA), through regular practice, helps reduce health risks, control heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and other diseases, and improve people's quality of life. According to the World Health Organization, up to 5 million deaths per year could be avoided worldwide if the population were more active. However, the influence of individual, collective, environmental, cultural, economic, and political factors can contribute to or hinder the practice of PA. Question - What are the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of physical activity in promoting the health of children and adolescents in Primary Health Care (PHC)? Methods - The searches for studies were carried out in December 2023 in the Medline databases (via PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) via the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Google Scholar, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). Only the selection process of retrieved studies was carried out in duplicate and independently. Results - Of 1030 records identified, five studies were included, three qualitative, one quantitative-qualitative and one literature review. The results are presented in categories of facilitators and barriers related to users, professionals and health services.

Atividade física para crianças e adolescentes: efeitos na saúde / Physical activity for children and adolescents: health effects

Contexto - As práticas de AF contribuem para reduzir os riscos à saúde e melhora da qualidade de vida das pessoas. A Atividade Física é um comportamento que envolve os movimentos voluntários do corpo, com gasto energético acima do nível de repouso, promovendo interações sociais e com o ambiente. O exercício físico é uma atividade física, planejada, estruturada e repetitiva que tem o objetivo de melhorar ou manter as capacidades físicas e o peso adequado. Na infância proporciona benefícios importantes, como o crescimento e o desenvolvimento saudáveis. Crianças e adolescentes também se beneficiam através da melhora nas habilidades de socialização e motoras, saúde do coração e condição física, humor e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, entre outros. Pergunta - Quais são os efeitos da prática de atividade física para a promoção da saúde de crianças e adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde? Métodos - As buscas de revisões sistemáticas (RS) foram realizadas em novembro de 2023 nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Pubmed, Embase e Health Systems Evidence. Apenas o processo de seleção de estudos recuperados foi realizado em duplicidade e de modo independente. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica das RS foi realizada por meio da ferramenta AMSTAR 2. Resultados - De 354 registros recuperados nas buscas, 32 RS foram incluídas. Os resultados são apresentados de acordo com os seguintes desfechos avaliados e, de modo geral, mostraram benefícios: fadiga, força muscular e flexibilidade (13 RS); postura corporal, equilíbrio e funções motora e locomotora (8 RS); aptidão cardiorrespiratória (6 RS); pressão arterial (5 RS); índices antropométricos (6 RS); função metabólica (4 RS); aspectos psicossociais e sintomas depressivos (6 RS); função cognitiva (4 RS); bem-estar e na qualidade de vida (12 RS). Quatro RS analisaram eventos adversos. Três relataram a ocorrência de eventos leves e uma referiu fratura em uma criança.

Context - Physical activity practices help reduce health risks and improve people's quality of life. Physical activity is a behavior that involves voluntary body movements, with energy expenditure above resting levels, promoting social interactions and interactions with the environment. Physical exercise is a planned, structured, and repetitive physical activity that aims to improve or maintain physical abilities and adequate weight. In childhood, it provides important benefits, such as healthy growth and development. Children and adolescents also benefit from improvements in socialization and motor skills, heart health and physical condition, mood, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, among others. Question - What are the effects of physical activity on promoting the health of children and adolescents in Primary Health Care? Methods - Searches for systematic reviews (SR) were conducted in November 2023 in the Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, Embase, and Health Systems Evidence databases. Only the selection process of retrieved studies was performed in duplicate and independently. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Results - Of the 354 records retrieved in the searches, 32 SRs were included. The results are presented according to the following outcomes evaluated and, in general, showed benefits: fatigue, muscle strength and flexibility (13 SRs); body posture, balance and motor and locomotor functions (8 SRs); cardiorespiratory fitness (6 SRs); blood pressure (5 SRs); anthropometric indices (6 SRs); metabolic function (4 SRs); psychosocial aspects and depressive symptoms (6 SRs); cognitive function (4 SRs); well-being and quality of life (12 SRs). Four SRs analyzed adverse events. Three reported the occurrence of mild events and one reported a fracture in a child.