Confidentiality in Primary Care Pediatrics.

Confidentiality is a core component of adolescent health. Confidentiality is shown to be a basic human right that is in the best interest of the adolescent, addresses health inequities, and supports adolescents' developing capacity. Practical aspects of confidentiality are discussed, resources provided to navigate a changing legal landscape, and threats to confidentiality addressed. Although confidentiality can be a source of conflict with parents and caregivers, pediatric providers can use confidentiality to assist parents and caregivers in shifting from making decisions for the adolescent to supporting the adolescent in making their own health decisions, thus facilitating a healthy transition to adulthood.

A saúde de adolescentes na volta às atividades escolares presenciais após dois anos de pandemia do Covid-19 ­ estudo transversal de base escolar em Pelotas/RS / The health of adolescents returning to face-to-face school activities after two years of the Covid-19 pandemic - school-based cross-sectional study in Pelotas/RS / La salud de los adolescentes que retornan a las actividades escolares presenciales después de dos años de la pandemia de Covid-19 - estudio transversal escolar en Pelotas/RS

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a percepção sobre a massa corporal, comportamentos relacionados à saúde, e a saúde mental de escolares adolescentes durante o período de retorno às atividades escolares presenciais com o período anterior à pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi realizado com 425 escolares (16,96±1,39 anos; 60,2% do sexo feminino) selecionados aleatoriamente de escolas das redes pública e privada de Pelotas/RS. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário de autopreenchimento contendo perguntas retrospectivas e atuais sobre as variáveis analisadas. Os resultados indicaram que a percepção sobre a massa corporal, o nível de atividade física, o tempo de sono, e a saúde mental (apenas para as meninas) estão piores (p<0,05) no momento atual quando comparados ao período anterior à pandemia. Por outro lado, hábitos alimentares e tempo de tela recreativo apresentaram melhores resultados (p<0,05) no momento atual do que no período anterior à pandemia. Estes resultados mostram um complexo panorama em relação à saúde de adolescentes no período de retomada das atividades presencias, tornando o retorno às atividades escolares presenciais um desafio para os próprios adolescentes, seus familiares, para professores, e para as escolas.

The aim of this study was to compare the perception of body mass, health- related behaviors and mental health of adolescent schoolchildren during the period of return to face to face school activities with the period before COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out with 425 students (16.96±1.39 years; 60.2% female) randomly selected from public and private schools in Pelotas/RS. For data collection, a self-completion questionnaire was used, containing retrospective and current questions about analyzed outcomes. The results indicated that the perception of body mass, level of physical activity, sleep time, and mental health (only for girls) are worse (p<0.05) at present when compared to the period before the pandemic. On the other hand, eating habits and recreational screen time showed better results (p<0.05) at present than in the period before the pandemic. These results show a complex panorama concerning the health of adolescents in the period of resumption of face to face activities, making this return a challenge for the adolescents themselves, their families, teachers and for schools.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la percepción de masa corporal, comportamientos relacionados a la salud y salud mental de escolares adolescentes durante el período de retorno a las actividades escolares presenciales con el período anterior a la pandemia de COVID-19. El estudio fue realizado con 425 alumnos (16,96±1,39 años; 60,2% del sexo femenino) seleccionados aleatoriamente de escuelas públicas y privadas de Pelotas/RS. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario auto-completado, conteniendo preguntas retrospectivas y actuales sobre los resultados analizados. Los resultados indicaron que la percepción de la masa corporal, el nivel de actividad física, el tiempo de sueño y la salud mental (sólo para las niñas) son peores (p<0,05) en la actualidad en comparación con el período anterior a la pandemia. Por otro lado, los hábitos alimentarios y el tiempo de pantalla recreativo mostraron mejores resultados (p<0,05) en la actualidad que en el periodo anterior a la pandemia. Estos resultados muestran un panorama complejo en relación a la salud de los adolescentes en el período de reanudación de las actividades presenciales, haciendo de este retorno un desafío para los propios adolescentes, sus familias, profesores y para las escuelas.

Calidad de vida en adolescentes. Un estudio longitudinal del impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 / Quality of life in adolescents. A longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Diversos estudios han informado que la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en adolescentes ha disminuido durante la pandemia por COVID-19. En este trabajo se analizó la CVRS en jóvenes de 13 a 17 años una vez finalizada la pandemia. Para ello se hizo un seguimiento en tres momentos diferentes: antes de la pandemia (2019), durante las restricciones de la pandemia (2021) y tras las restricciones de la misma (2022). Se utilizó un diseño de retardo temporal (time-lag design) en tres fases, con un total de 2027 adolescentes que cumplimentaron el cuestionario Kidscreen-10 de CVRS. Mediante modelos ANOVA y de regresión logística se analizó la influencia del género, la práctica deportiva y estar en tratamiento en salud mental. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un empeoramiento de la CVRS en 2021, cuando los jóvenes volvían a los centros educativos en régimen de semipresencialidad. Este descenso fue independiente del género. En 2022, una vez eliminadas todas las restricciones, la CVRS se recuperó a niveles prepandemia en los chicos, pero no en las chicas. Lo mismo ocurrió con los jóvenes en tratamiento de salud mental. En todos los casos, la práctica deportiva se mostró como un factor protector de la CVRS.(AU)

Several studies have reported that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, HRQoL was analyzed in young people aged 13 to 17 years after the end of the pandemic. For this purpose, we followed up at three different points in time: before the pandemic (2019), during (2021) and af-ter the pandemic restrictions (2022).A time-lag design in three phases was used, with a total of 2027 adolescents completing the Kidscreen-10 HRQoL questionnaire. ANOVA and logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of gender, playing sports and mental health treat-ment.The results obtained showed a worsening of HRQoL in 2021, when young people returned to school on a blended learning basis.This worsen-ing occurred regardless of gender. In 2022, once all restrictions were re-moved, boys recovered health-related quality of life to pre-pandemic levels, but this did not occur in girls. The same happened with young people in mental health treatment. In all cases, doing sports was shown to be a pro-tective factor for HRQoL.(AU)

A thematic study of creativity research in Spain within the social sciences and psychology / Un estudio temático de la investigación en creatividad en España en las ciencias sociales y psicología

La creatividad se está convirtiendo en una habilidad necesaria en un mundo donde los robots superan cada vez más a las personas en las rutinas diarias. Para desarrollar eficientemente el campo de investigación de la creatividad, los académicos necesitan saber dónde están. Este artículo utiliza un enfoque bibliométrico para estudiar temas y características de la investigación en creatividad en España. Los resultados indican que la producción ha ido creciendo durante las últimas décadas. En comparación con la psicología, la creatividad en las ciencias sociales parece ser un área poco citada, local y endogámica. Para las ciencias sociales, los temas motores en la última década fueron a) la creatividad en niños y estudiantes en un entorno educativo, b) la innovación y creación de conocimiento en un entorno laboral, y c) las ciudades creativas. Los temas motores en psicología han sido a) las características individuales para generar conocimientos (por ejemplo, habilidades, improvisación, funciones ejecutivas) y b) la inteligencia emocional. Sugerimos algunos temas para futuras investigaciones, como la colaboración creativa en un entorno virtual, la co-creación de valor, y cómo las máquinas pueden ayudar a los humanos a impulsar su creatividad.(AU)

Creativity is becoming one necessary human skill in a world where robots increasingly outperform people in daily routines. In order to efficiently develop creativity as a research field, scholars need to know where they are.We employed a bibliometric approach to study themes and characteristics of creativity research in Spain.The results indicated that publication production in the field has been growing during the last dec-ades. Compared to psychology, creativity in the social sciences seemed to be an undercited, local,and endogamic area. For social sciences, motor themes in the last decade were a) creativity in children and students in the educational environment, b) innovation and knowledge creation in a work-ing environment, and c) cities and creativity. The motor themes in psy-chology were a) individual characteristics for generating insights (e.g., skills, improvisation, executive functions) and b) emotional intelligence. We sug-gest some themes for future research, such as creative collaboration in vir-tual environments, value co-creation, and how machines can help humans boost their creativity.(AU)

Gender and sexual identity-based inequalities in adolescent wellbeing: findings from the #BeeWell Study.

BACKGROUND: Gender and sexual minority adolescents experience greater symptoms of psychological distress than their peers, but little is known about broader aspects of their wellbeing. This study examines wellbeing inequalities relating to gender and sexual identity among adolescents from Greater Manchester in the United Kingdom. METHOD: 37,978 adolescents (aged 12-15, attending 165 secondary schools) completed surveys of life satisfaction, positive and negative affect (hedonic framework); autonomy, self-esteem, optimism, and positive relationships (eudaimonic framework); and, symptoms of distress and mental wellbeing (complete state framework). Structural correlated factors models were used to assess gender and sexual identity wellbeing inequalities. RESULTS: The magnitude of wellbeing inequalities pertaining to gender and sexual identity were routinely substantially greater than those concerning other characteristics (e.g., socio-economic disadvantage). Gender identity wellbeing inequalities followed a consistent pattern, with the largest disparities evident between gender diverse adolescents and boys. Sexual identity wellbeing inequalities also followed a consistent pattern, with the largest disparities evident between sexual minority youth (both gay/lesbian and bi/pansexual) and their heterosexual peers. Finally, variation was evident across wellbeing domains. For example, observed gender identity (boys vs. girls) and sexual identity (heterosexual vs. sexual minority) disparities were substantially greater for symptoms of distress than for mental wellbeing in the complete state model. CONCLUSIONS: LGBTQ + adolescents experience lower wellbeing than their peers, and this is evident across a range of wellbeing domains. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for the prioritisation of improved prevention and intervention efforts that can better meet the needs of gender diverse and sexual minority youth, and future research should be conducted to improve understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the wellbeing inequalities observed.

Design and implementation of adolescent health Latin dance teaching system under artificial intelligence technology.

Since various dance teaching systems have attracted much attention with the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, this paper improves the recognition performance of Latin dance teaching systems by optimizing the action recognition model. Firstly, the object detection and action recognition technology under the current AI technology is analyzed, and the Two-stage object detection algorithm and One-stage object detection algorithm are evaluated. Secondly, the technologies and functions contained in the adolescent health Latin dance teaching system are described, including image acquisition, feature extraction, object detection, and action recognition. Finally, the action recognition algorithm is optimized based on object detection, and the rationality and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the optimization algorithm can search the optimal feature subset after five iterations on Undefine Classes of 101 (UCF101) dataset, but it needs seven iterations on Human Motion Database 51 (HMDB51) dataset. Meanwhile, when using support vector machine classifier, the optimization algorithm can achieve the highest accuracy of motion recognition. Regressive Function, Multinomial Naive Bayes and Gaussian Naive Bayes Algorithms have lower prediction delay, as low as 0.01s. Therefore, this paper has certain reference significance for the design and implementation of adolescent health Latin dance teaching system.

A Qualitative Study on Parenting Practices to Sustain Adolescent Health Behaviors in American Indian Families.

American Indian (AI) adolescents who practice healthy behaviors of sleep, nutrition, physical activity, and limited screen time can lower their lifetime risk of diet-sensitive disease. Little is known about how AI parenting practices influence the health behaviors of youth. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore how a group of AI parents of youths at risk of disease influenced their youth's health behaviors after a family intervention. A secondary objective was to understand the role of AI parents in supporting and sustaining health behavior change in their youths following the intervention. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with AI parents (n = 11) and their young adolescents, 10-15 years old (n = 6). Parents reported facilitators to how they enacted healthy lifestyle behaviors, including family togetherness, routines, youth inclusion in cooking, and motivation due to a health condition in the family. Barriers to enacting healthy behaviors included a lack of time, a lack of access to health resources, negative role modeling, and the pervasiveness of screen media. Three major themes about the role of AI parenting emerged inductively from the interview data: "Parenting in nontraditional families", "Living in the American grab-and-go culture", and "Being there and teaching responsibility". The importance of culture in raising youths was emphasized. These findings inform strategies to promote long-term adherence to behavior changes within the intervention. This study contributes to public health conversations regarding approaches for AI youths and families, who are not well represented in previous health behavior research.

Concepciones y prácticas de autocuidado de adolescentes: registros cualitativos en diarios personales / Concepções e práticas de autocuidado de adolescentes: registros qualitativos em diários pessoais / Conceptions and practices of adolescent self-care: qualitative recordings in personal diaries

Objetivo: Conocer el concepto y las prácticas de autocuidado entre adolescentes en edad escolar en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19.Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que utilizó las directrices del COREQ para la construcción del relato. Participaron en la investigación 17 adolescentes y la recopilación de datos se realizó mediante la técnica del diario personal. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático.Resultados: Los participantes describieron el fenómeno del autocuidado en función de los antecedentes, los atributos y las consecuencias de la pandemia. Los conceptos de autocuidado y salud a menudo superaban las necesidades de cuidados para la supervivencia. Se observó que las conductas de autocuidado entre los adolescentes eran multidimensionales y con influencias de los niveles individual, relacional y sistémico, siendo mediadas por contextos existenciales. También se registraron las experiencias de déficit de autocuidado.Consideraciones finales: Los resultados de este estudio pueden proporcionar subsidios para modelos de apoyo a los profesionales de la salud para fomentar el autocuidado en la adolescencia. (AU)

Objetivo: Conhecer o conceito e as práticas de autocuidado entre adolescentes em idade escolar no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utilizou as diretrizes do COREQ para a construção do relato. Participaram da pesquisa 17 adolescentes e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da técnica do diário pessoal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: O fenômeno autocuidado foi descrito pelos participantes de acordo com antecedentes, atributos e consequências da pandemia. Concepções de autocuidado e saúde ultrapassaram, muitas vezes, necessidades de cuidado para sobreviver. Notou-se que os comportamentos de autocuidado entre os adolescentes eram multidimensionais e com influências de níveis individual, relacional e sistêmico, sendo mediados pelos contextos existenciais. Vivências de déficits de autocuidado também foram registradas. Considerações finais: Os resultados contidos nesse estudo podem oferecer subsídios para modelos de apoio a profissionais de saúde para estimularem o autocuidado na adolescência. (AU)

Objective: To know the concept and practices of self-care among school-aged adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This qualitative study used COREQ guidelines to construct the report. Seventeen adolescents participated, and data collection occurred through the personal diary technique. The data were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: The participants described the self-care phenomenon according to antecedents, attributes, and consequences of the pandemic. Conceptions of self-care and health often went beyond care needs for survival. Self-care behaviors among adolescents were noted to be multidimensional, with influences from individual, relational, and systemic levels and mediated by existential contexts. Experiences of self-care deficits were also recorded. Final considerations: The results may offer subsidies for support models for health professionals to stimulate adolescent self-care. (AU)

A complexity-informed in-depth case study into the sustainability and impact of a culture of health: The TR14ers community youth dance group.

There are calls for researchers to study existing community assets and activities that appear to improve health and have achieved longevity. The TR14ers Community Dance Charity Limited is a community youth dance group that has been running since 2005 providing free weekly sessions for children and adolescents in an economically disadvantaged town in the UK. An in-depth case study employing qualitative, quantitative and participatory methods was undertaken with the TR14ers (current participants and those who have left, co-ordinators and families) over 6 months with the aim of understanding the sustainable processes and impact of the Group. The 12 complex systems' leverage points described by Meadows and the five domains of adolescent wellbeing developed by the United Nations H6+ Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being were used as frameworks to recognise the complexity of community assets like the TR14ers. The quantitative and qualitative data indicated that being part of the TR14ers contributed to multiple health and wellbeing outcomes. The positive experiences of being a TR14er led members to actively recruit others through word of mouth and public performances. Central to the TR14ers is a commitment to children's rights, which is communicated formally and informally throughout the membership informing how and what the Group does, leading to the structure and delivery of the Group evolving over time. Members sought to ensure the sustainability of the Group after they had left and were keen to mentor younger members to develop and become the leaders. Based on the insights from this case study we suggest that efforts to develop cultures of health, like the TR14ers, should focus on the core values of the activity or intervention that underpin what it does and how within the local context.

Can adolescents' subjective wellbeing facilitate their pro-environmental consumption behaviors? Empirical study based on 15-year-old students.

Purpose: To address the challenge of declining pro-environmental behaviors in adolescence, this paper uses the theoretical foundations for subjective wellbeing to verify the influence of three latent dimensions of subjective wellbeing (life satisfaction, positive emotions, and negative emotions) on adolescents' pro-environmental consumption behaviors (PECBs). Furthermore, we explore the moderating effects of nations and regions in the relationship between subjective wellbeing and PECBs in adolescents. Method: Based on the international data from the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA 2018), we construct a unique dataset that includes 57,182 samples related to the subjective wellbeing and PECBs of 15-year-old students from eight countries/economies. Specially, we employ an ordered probit model to test our hypotheses. Findings: Both adolescents' life satisfaction and positive emotions can significantly improve their PECBs, while there is a significant negative association between negative emotions and PECBs. At the nation's level, adolescents' life satisfaction and negative emotions in developed countries/economies significantly impact PECBs. In contrast, the positive emotions of adolescents in developing countries/economies have more substantial effects on PECBs. At the regional level, the impact of all three dimensions of adolescents' subjective wellbeing on PECBs is more significant in rural than urban areas. Originality/value: This paper provides a new perspective for understanding adolescents' PECBs from the insights of subjective wellbeing. Previous studies have examined the effects of life satisfaction or happiness on PECBs in adults. This paper examines the impact of subjective wellbeing on adolescents' PECBs from life satisfaction, positive emotions, and negative emotions, which suggests that promoting adolescents' subjective wellbeing can be an effective strategy for encouraging PECBs. From a comparative research perspective, we further analyze the differences between the nations at different levels of development, the rural and urban areas, providing a valuable reference for policymakers and practitioners in promoting pro-environmental behaviors among adolescents.

A Review of the Effects of Adolescent Cannabis Use on Physical Health.

The current review highlights the available research related to cannabis and indicators of physical health in a variety of domains. Various studies have found associations between cannabis use with pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine function as well as body mass index and sleep. At this time, more research is needed to understand the influence of cannabis use on physical health, particularly among adolescent samples.

Subregional efforts to improve childhood cancer care in the Andean countries / Iniciativas subregionales para mejorar la atención oncológica prestada a los pacientes pediátricos en los países andinos / Iniciativas sub-regionais para melhorar o tratamento do câncer infantil nos países andinos

[ABSTRACT]. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children and adolescents younger than 19 years. An estimated 10 000 deaths are caused by this disease annually in this age group in Latin America and the Caribbean. In high-income countries, the survival of children and adolescents with neoplasms can reach 85%; however, in middle- and low-income countries, despite progress, survival rates are significantly lower (between 10% and 60%). Important inequities exist is survival from childhood cancer that need to be addressed through decisive actions from the health systems. This report describes the work of the ministries of health and the Secretariat of the Andean Health Organization (Organismo Andino de Salud – Convenio Hipólito Unánue (ORAS-CONHU)), to develop the Andean Cancer Prevention and Control Policy, with consideration given to childhood cancers. The policy was based on analysis of the cancer situation in the six Andean countries – Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) – between 2015 and 2020, and it was approved in 2022. An in-depth study is currently being carried out on the situation of childhood cancer in the Andean countries.

[RESUMEN]. El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en la población infantil y adolescente menor de 19 años. Se estima que esta enfermedad ocasiona cada año 10 000 muertes en este grupo etario en América Latina y el Caribe. En los países de ingresos altos, la supervivencia de la población infantil y adolescente con neopla- sias puede llegar al 85%; sin embargo, a pesar de los avances, en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos las tasas de supervivencia son significativamente más bajas (entre un 10% y un 60%). Existen desigualdades importantes en materia de supervivencia al cáncer infantil que es preciso abordar mediante medidas deci- sivas por parte de los sistemas de salud. En este informe se describe el trabajo realizado por los ministerios de salud y la Secretaría del Organismo Andino de Salud – Convenio Hipólito Unánue (ORAS-CONHU) para formular la Política Andina de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, con especial énfasis en el cáncer infantil. La política se basó en el análisis de la situación en materia oncológica de los seis países andinos –Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela (República Bolivariana de)– entre el 2015 y el 2020, y se aprobó en el 2022. En estos momentos, se está llevando a cabo un estudio pormenorizado sobre la situación del cáncer infantil en los países andinos.

[RESUMO]. O câncer é uma das principais causas de morte em crianças e adolescentes menores de 19 anos. Estima-se que, nessa faixa etária, a doença cause 10 mil mortes por ano na América Latina e no Caribe. Em países de renda alta, a sobrevida de crianças e adolescentes com neoplasias pode chegar a 85%; no entanto, em países de renda média e baixa, apesar de alguns avanços, as taxas de sobrevida são significativa- mente menores (entre 10% e 60%). Existem iniquidades importantes na sobrevivência ao câncer infantil que precisam ser abordadas por meio de ações decisivas dos sistemas de saúde. Este relatório descreve o trabalho dos ministérios da saúde e da Secretaria do Organismo Andino de Saúde – Convênio Hipólito Unanue (ORAS-CONHU) para desenvolver a Política Andina de Prevenção e Controle do Câncer, com atenção para os cânceres infantis. A política, baseada em uma análise da situação do câncer nos seis países andinos – Bolívia (Estado Plurinacional da), Colômbia, Chile, Equador, Peru e Venezuela (República Bolivariana da) – entre 2015 e 2020, foi aprovada em 2022. Um estudo aprofundado está sendo realizado atualmente para avaliar a situação do câncer infantil nos países andinos.

Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer: progress and challenges in Panama / Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil: avances y desafíos en Panamá / Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil: avanços e desafios no Panamá

[ABSTRACT]. Despite being classified as a high-income country, Panama still faces challenges in providing care for children and adolescents with cancer. Annually, 170 new cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed in Panama, and the survival rate is around 60%. To improve this, the establishment of a Pediatric Cancer Commission comprised of healthcare professionals and nonprofit organizations has been a critical step toward the objectives outlined in the CureAll framework of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). To improve childhood cancer care in Panama, a workshop for cancer in children and adolescents was conducted with the support of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Children’s Hospital Colorado, the Ministry of Health of Panama, and the Pan American Health Organization. The commissions established were on: Nursing, Palliative Care, Psychosocial, Hospital Registry, Early Diagnosis, and Health Services. Each commission has a specific project to be implemented in the period 2021–2029 to continue the progress toward improving childhood cancer care. Since the start of implementation of the GICC in Panama, important achievements have included the launch in 2021 of the Guide for the Diagnosis of Cancer in Children and Adolescents, and training programs for primary care health personnel. Through these programs, more than 1 000 health professionals have been trained on diagnosis of cancer in childhood and adolescence. Challenges remain, such as access to quality care, and it is essential to continue efforts to improve childhood cancer care.

[RESUMEN]. Pese a estar clasificado como un país de ingresos altos, Panamá aún debe hacer frente a distintos desafíos relacionados con la atención a la población infantil y adolescente con cáncer. Cada año, en Panamá se diagnostican 170 casos nuevos de cáncer pediátrico, con una tasa de supervivencia en torno al 60%. Para mejorar esta situación, la creación de una Comisión de Cáncer Pediátrico, conformada por profesionales de la salud y organizaciones sin fines de lucro, constituye un paso fundamental para lograr los objetivos planteados en el marco CureAll de la Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil (GICC, por su sigla en inglés) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. A fin de mejorar la atención de los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer en Panamá, se realizó un taller sobre el cáncer en la población infantil y adolescente. El evento contó con el apoyo del St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, el Children's Hospital Colorado, el Ministerio de Salud de Panamá y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Se crearon comisiones sobre enfermería, cuidados paliativos, aspectos psicosociales, registros hospitalarios, diagnóstico temprano y servicios de salud. Cada comisión está a cargo de un proyecto específico, que deberá ponerse en práctica en el período 2021-2029 para proseguir con los avances encaminados a mejorar la atención oncológica pediátrica. Desde que se inició el proceso de aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil en Panamá se han obtenido logros importantes, como la publicación de la Guía para la detección temprana y atención oportuna de la sospecha del cáncer en niños y adolescentes 2021 y los programas de capacitación para el personal de atención primaria de salud. Estos programas han permitido capacitar a más de 1 000 profesionales de la salud en materia de diagnóstico del cáncer en la niñez y la adolescencia. Subsisten algunos desafíos, como el acceso a una atención de calidad, y es crucial proseguir con las medidas tendientes a mejorar la atención oncológica de los pacientes pediátricos.

[RESUMO]. Apesar de ser classificado como um país de alta renda, o Panamá enfrenta desafios para oferecer atendi- mento a crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Anualmente, são diagnosticados 170 casos novos de câncer infantil no Panamá, e a taxa de sobrevida gira em torno de 60%. Para melhorar essa situação, a criação de uma Comissão de Câncer Pediátrico, composta por profissionais de saúde e organizações sem fins lucrativos, foi uma etapa fundamental para atingir os objetivos delineados na estratégia CureAll da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil (GICC) da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para melhorar o atendimento aos pacientes com câncer infantil no Panamá, realizou-se uma oficina sobre câncer em crianças e adolescentes, com o apoio do St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, do Children's Hospital Colorado, do Ministério da Saúde do Panamá e da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. As comissões estabelecidas foram as seguintes: Enfermagem, Cuidados Paliativos, Aspectos Psicossociais, Registro Hospitalar, Diagnóstico Precoce e Serviços de Saúde. Cada comissão tem um projeto específico a ser implementado no período de 2021 a 2029 a fim de continuar avançando na melhoria do atendimento a pacientes com câncer infantil. As realizações mais importantes alcançadas desde o início da implementação da GICC no Panamá incluem o lançamento do Guia para o Diagnóstico de Câncer em Crianças e Adolescentes em 2021 e os programas de capacitação para profissionais de saúde da atenção primária. Por meio desses programas, mais de mil profissionais de saúde receberam capacitação no diagnóstico de câncer na infância e adolescência. Ainda existem desafios, como o acesso a atendimento de qualidade; portanto, é essencial continuar os esforços para melhorar o atendimento de pacientes com câncer infantil.

Compendio de herramientas, instrumentos y metodologías para detectar y combatir inequidades sociales que afectan la salud y el bienestar de mujeres, niñas, niños y adolescentes en América Latina y el Caribe

Para apoyar el logro de la equidad en salud en la Región, el movimiento interinstitucional regional Todas las Mujeres, Todos los Niños América Latina y el Caribe (EWEC-LAC) aboga y apoya el uso de políticas, estrategias e intervenciones basadas en la equidad y la evidencia para acelerar el progreso equitativo en la salud de las mujeres, los niños y los adolescentes. Aunque se han logrado progresos, persisten grandes desigualdades​; por ejemplo, ​las mujeres de los países más pobres de la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) tienen casi cuatro veces más probabilidades de morir debido a complicaciones durante el parto que las que viven en los países más ricos. A lo largo de los años, alianzas mundiales, regionales y nacionales han desarrollado varias herramientas, instrumentos y métodos (TIM) que pueden utilizarse para realizar análisis sistemáticos basados en la equidad y / o rediseños de sistemas, programas, estrategias e intervenciones de salud. El objetivo principal de este documento es presentar una visión general de los TIM existentes que pueden ser utilizados por los responsables de la formulación de políticas, los gerentes de programas, los socios para el desarrollo, las organizaciones no gubernamentales, el mundo académico y asociaciones/grupos de la sociedad civil para fortalecer la identificación sistemática, el análisis y la respuesta a las inequidades sociales en la salud de las mujeres, los niños y los adolescentes en ALC. Los TIM incluidos se identificaron a través de un proceso de búsqueda sistemática. El objetivo es actualizar periódicamente este compendio con TIM nuevos o recientemente identificados. Este compendio es el resultado de un esfuerzo coordinado por el movimiento interinstitucional regional Todas las Mujeres, Todos los Niños América Latina y el Caribe (EWEC-LAC).

Storytelling workshop to encourage stakeholder engagement with the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer

[ABSTRACT]. Storytelling can enhance stakeholder engagement and support the implementation of the World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization’s (PAHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, which aims to improve care globally for children with cancer. The Initiative aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, addressing health, education, inequalities and international collaboration. This report describes the design and implementation of a workshop that used storytelling through film to encourage stakeholders in national cancer control plans to engage with the Initiative in its focal countries in Central America, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. A six-step process was used to develop the virtual workshop hosted by PAHO: (i) define the audience; (ii) define the goals of storytelling; (iii) build an appropriate storyline, including choosing a platform and content, and addressing group dynamics and the length of the film; (iv) guide the workshop’s design and implementation with current theoretical frameworks, including the Socioecological Model of Health and the Theory of Change; (v) design interactive group exercises; and (vi) disseminate workshop results. The skills-building component of the day-long workshop included 80 representatives from eight countries in the Region of the Americas, with participants representing pediatric oncology, hospital administration, ministries of health, nonprofit foundations, the scientific community and public health organizations. Outputs from the workshop included (i) a summary report, (ii) an empathy word cloud with live reactions from participants, (iii) qualitative responses (i.e. quotes from participants), (iv) stakeholders’ analyses and (v) a prioritization matrix for country-level strategic activities that could be undertaken to strengthen health systems when caring for children with cancer. The workshop used storytelling through film to try to reduce health inequalities and have a regional impact. Combining art, public health and medicine, the workshop created positive change by sharing real-life experiences. Commitment was fostered among stakeholders through their engagement with the workshop, which aimed to increase their awareness of the need and advocacy to improve health systems and enhance access to health care for this vulnerable population.

[RESUMEN]. La narración de historias puede mejorar la participación de las partes interesadas y brindar apoyo para la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), dirigida a mejorar la atención a los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer en todo el mundo. La Iniciativa se enmarca en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, que abordan la salud, la educación, las desigualdades y la colaboración internacional. En este informe se describe el diseño y la realización de un taller en el que se utilizó la narración de historias mediante películas para animar a las partes interesadas de los planes nacionales de control del cáncer a colaborar con la iniciativa en los países del proyecto en Centroamérica, Haití y República Dominicana. Para preparar el taller virtual organizado por la OPS, se utilizó un proceso de seis pasos: i) definir el público destinatario; ii) definir los objetivos de la narración; iii) confeccionar una estructura argumental adecuada, incluida la elección del tipo de plataforma y el contenido, y tener en cuenta tanto las dinámicas de grupo como la duración de la película; iv) basar el diseño y la realización del taller en marcos teóricos actuales, incluidos el modelo socioecológico de la salud y la teoría del cambio; v) diseñar ejercicios grupales interactivos; y vi) difundir los resultados del taller. En el componente de adquisición de competencias del taller, de un día de duración, participaron 80 representantes de ocho países de la Región de las Américas, pertenecientes a los ámbitos de la oncología pediátrica, la gestión hospitalaria, los ministerios de salud, fundaciones sin ánimo de lucro, la comunidad científica y organizaciones de salud pública. Los resultados del taller incluyeron i) un resumen del informe, ii) una nube de palabras relacionadas con la empatía que recogía las reacciones en tiempo real de las personas participantes, iii) respuestas cualitativas (es decir, citas de lo expresado por las personas participantes), iv) análisis de las partes interesadas y v) una matriz de priorización de las actividades estratégicas a nivel de país que se podrían llevar a cabo para fortalecer los sistemas de salud a la hora de prestar atención de salud a los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer. En el taller se recurrió a la narración de historias en forma de película para tratar de reducir las inequidades en materia de salud y lograr un impacto a nivel regional. La combinación de arte, salud pública y medicina propició la generación de cambios favorables mediante el intercambio de experiencias de la vida real. Se fomentó el compromiso de las partes interesadas a través de su participación en el taller, lo cual tenía como objetivo aumentar su concientización sobre la importancia de la promoción y la necesidad de mejorar tanto los sistemas de salud como el acceso a la atención de salud para esta población vulnerable.

[RESUMO]. A narração de histórias pode aumentar o envolvimento das partes interessadas e apoiar a implementação da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), que visa a melhorar o atendimento a crianças com câncer em âmbito mundial. A Iniciativa está alinhada com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas, abordando saúde, educação, desigualdades e colaboração internacional. Este relatório descreve a elaboração e implementação de uma oficina que usou histórias narradas por meio de filmes para incentivar as partes interessadas nos planos nacionais de controle do câncer a se envolverem na Iniciativa em países focais na América Central, além da República Dominicana e do Haiti. Um processo em seis etapas foi usado para desenvolver a oficina virtual organizada pela OPAS: a) definir o público; b) definir os objetivos da narrativa; c) construir um enredo apropriado, com consideração para a escolha de plataforma e do conteúdo, a dinâmica do grupo e a duração do filme; d) orientar a elaboração e implementação da oficina no âmbito de marcos teóricos atuais, como o Modelo Socioecológico de Saúde e a Teoria da Mudança; e) preparar exercícios interativos em grupo; e f) disseminar os resultados da oficina. O componente de desenvolvimento de habilidades da oficina de um dia incluiu 80 representantes de oito países da Região das Américas, com participantes representando oncologia pediátrica, administração hospitalar, ministérios da saúde, fundações sem fins lucrativos, a comunidade científica e organizações de saúde pública. Os resultados da oficina incluíram: a) um relatório resumido; b) uma nuvem de palavras de empatia com reações ao vivo dos participantes; c) respostas qualitativas (ou seja, falas dos participantes); d) análises das partes interessadas; e e) uma matriz de priorização para atividades estratégicas nacionais que poderiam ser realizadas para fortalecer os sistemas de saúde no cuidado de crianças com câncer. A oficina usou histórias narradas por meio de filmes para tentar reduzir as desigualdades de saúde e alcançar um impacto regional. Combinando arte, saúde pública e medicina, a oficina criou uma mudança positiva por meio do compartilhamento de experiências da vida real. A participação na oficina, cujo objetivo era aumentar a conscientização sobre a necessidade de pleitear melhorias nos sistemas de saúde e no acesso à atenção à saúde para essa população vulnerável, fomentou o compromisso entre as partes interessadas.

National Institute on Drug Abuse: Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge to Improve Adolescent Health.

The wide and effective dissemination of research findings is crucial to the mission of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). This article describes NIDA dissemination efforts and resources that are available to inform clinicians, teens, families, and educators about youth and substance use. Resources that are available include content addressing facts about youth drug use, trends in use, and stigma, in addition to substance use disorder (SUD) prevention and treatment. Information is provided about resources such as infographics, research-based practice guides, training, educational events, and online videos. How input is solicited to inform dissemination efforts is described and future directions for NIDA's dissemination efforts are outlined.

Profesionales de la Psicología en Contextos Educativos: Una Necesidad Ineludible / Psychology Professionals in Educational Contexts: An Unavoidable Necessity

Los problemas de salud mental y las dificultades de ajuste psicológico entre los adolescentes se erigen como un desafío personal, familiar, educativo y socio-sanitario. Se hace necesario abordar este reto social emergente mediante el estudio y la implementación de estrategias de promoción del bienestar psicológico y prevención de los problemas de salud mental en contextos educativos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es poner de manifiesto, a la luz de los datos epidemiológicos derivados del proyecto PSICE (Psicología Basada en la Evidencia en Contextos Educativos), la importancia de abordar la salud mental en entornos educativos. En primer lugar, se realiza una introducción al estudio del comportamiento humano y los problemas de ajuste psicológico. En segundo lugar, se aborda la importancia de los centros educativos como el lugar natural donde promocionar el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental infanto-juvenil. En tercer lugar, se mencionan los resultados de prevalencia derivados del estudio PSICE. Se finaliza con un apartado de recapitulación señalando la ineludible necesidad de promover, proteger y cuidar la salud mental durante la infancia y la adolescencia en los entornos educativos. La promoción del bienestar psicológico y la prevención de los problemas de salud mental en contextos educativos supone la mejor inversión por parte de la sociedad, los gobiernos y las instituciones.(AU)

Mental health problems and psychological adjustment difficulties among young people are emerging as a personal, family, educational, social, and health challenge. It is necessary to address this rising social challenge by studying and implementing strategies to promote emotional well-being and prevent psychological problems in natural contexts. The aim of this work is to highlight, based on the epidemiological data derived from the PSICE (Evidence-based Psychology in Educational Contexts) project, the importance of addressing mental health in school settings. Firstly, an introduction to the study of human behavior and psychological adjustment problems is presented. Secondly, the importance of schools as the natural place to promote the psychological well-being and mental health of children and adolescents is discussed. Thirdly, the prevalence results derived from the PSICE study are mentioned. To conclude, a summary section underscores the imperative need to promote, protect, and care for mental health during childhood and adolescence in educational settings. The promotion of psychological well-being and the prevention of mental health problems in educational contexts is the best investment on the part of societies, governments, and institutions.(AU)