Bibliometric analysis of electroencephalogram research in Parkinson's disease from 2004 to 2023.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions globally. It encompasses both motor and non-motor symptoms, with a notable impact on patients' quality of life. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive tool that is increasingly utilized to investigate neural mechanisms in PD, identify early diagnostic markers, and assess therapeutic responses. Methods: The data were sourced from the Science Citation Index Expanded within the Web of Science Core Collection database, focusing on publications related to EEG research in PD from 2004 to 2023. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The analysis began with an evaluation of the selected publications, identifying leading countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as co-cited references, to summarize the current state of EEG research in PD. Keywords are employed to identify research topics that are currently of interest in this field through the analysis of high-frequency keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis. Finally, burst keywords were identified to uncover emerging trends and research frontiers in the field, highlighting shifts in interest and identifying future research directions. Results: A total of 1,559 publications on EEG research in PD were identified. The United States, Germany, and England have made notable contributions to the field. The University of London is the leading institution in terms of publication output, with the University of California closely following. The most prolific authors are Brown P, Fuhr P, and Stam C In terms of total citations and per-article citations, Stam C has the highest number of citations, while Brown P has the highest H-index. In terms of the total number of publications, Clinical Neurophysiology is the leading journal, while Brain is the most highly cited. The most frequently cited articles pertain to software toolboxes for EEG analysis, neural oscillations, and PD pathophysiology. Through analyzing the keywords, four research hotspots were identified: research on the neural oscillations and connectivity, research on the innovations in EEG Analysis, impact of therapies on EEG, and research on cognitive and emotional assessments. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis demonstrates a growing global interest in EEG research in PD. The investigation of neural oscillations and connectivity remains a primary focus of research. The application of machine learning, deep learning, and task analysis techniques offers promising avenues for future research in EEG and PD, suggesting the potential for advancements in this field. This study offers valuable insights into the major research trends, influential contributors, and evolving themes in this field, providing a roadmap for future exploration.

A novel borate phosphor Lu5Ba6B9O27:Ce3+ codoped with Sr2+/Tb3+ for NUV-white light emitting diode application.

At present, there are still challenges in developing highly efficient and thermally stable phosphors for ultraviolet/near ultraviolet-white light emitting diodes (UV/NUV-WLEDs). Herein, we use traditional high-temperature solid-state reactions to prepare blue-emitting phosphors Lu5-xBa6B9O27:xCe3+ (0.1% ≤ x ≤ 3.0%) and Lu4.975Ba6-ySryB9O27:0.5%Ce3+ (0% ≤ y ≤ 20%), and green-emitting phosphors Lu4.975-zBa6B9O27:0.5%Ce3+,zTb3+ (0% ≤ z ≤ 16%), abbreviated as LBB:xCe3+, LBB:0.5%Ce3+,ySr2+ and LBB:0.5%Ce3+,zTb3+, respectively. Upon 340 nm excitation, LBB:Ce3+ exhibits an asymmetric blue emission ranging from 360 nm to 480 nm. Furthermore, the emission intensity of LBB:0.5%Ce3+ increased 4.8-fold without a spectral shift through the partial substitution of Sr2+ for Ba2+. Through constructing the Ce3+ → Tb3+ energy transfer in the LBB structure, the temperature-dependent integral emission intensity at 483 K improved from only 25% to 68% of the intensity at 303 K due to the existence of fast energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+. The related results indicate that LBB:xCe3+, LBB:0.5%Ce3+,ySr2+ and LBB:0.5%Ce3+,zTb3+ phosphors can be used for UV/NUV-WLEDs.

The Application Value of Using Semiquantitative and Quantitative Parameters in Multimodal Ultrasound to Distinguish Between Benign and Malignant BI-RADS 4 Lesions.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to explore the value of real-time strain elastography (RTE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of breast BI-RADS 4 lesions. It collected 85 cases (totaling 85 lesions) diagnosed with breast BI-RADS 4 through routine ultrasound from October 2020 to December 2022 in Huangshan City People's Hospital. All lesions underwent RTE and CEUS examination before surgery, and the ImageJ software was used to measure the periphery of lesion images in the enhancement peak mode and grayscale mode to calculate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound area ratio. The diagnostic capabilities of single-modal and multimodal ultrasound examination for the malignancy of breast BI-RADS 4 lesions were compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve; the Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation between multimodal ultrasound and CEUS area ratio. As a result, among the 85 lesions, 51 were benign, and 34 were malignant. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of routine ultrasound (US), US + RTE, US + CEUS, and US + RTE + CEUS were 0.816, 0.928, 0.953, and 0.967, respectively, with the combined method showing a higher AUC than the single application. The AUC of the CEUS area ratio diagnosing breast lesions was 0.888. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.819, P < 0.001) between the diagnostic performance of US + RTE + CEUS and the CEUS area ratio. In conclusion, based on routine ultrasound, the combination of RTE and CEUS can further improve the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions in breast BI-RADS 4.

Neuronal double-stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration.

BACKGROUND: Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear how DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA influence neuropathogenesis. Tau hyperphosphorylation is a key factor for the pathogenesis of AD. The effect of DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA on neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation remains unclarified. METHODS: The levels of neuronal DNase II and dsDNA in WT and Tau-P301S mice of different ages were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunolabeling, and the levels of DNase II in the plasma of AD patients were measured by ELISA. To investigate the impact of DNase II on tauopathy, the levels of phosphorylated tau, phosphokinase, phosphatase, synaptic proteins, gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of neuronal DNase II-deficient WT mice, neuronal DNase II-deficient Tau-P301S mice and neuronal DNase II-overexpressing Tau-P301S mice were evaluated by immunolabeling, immunoblotting or ELISA. Cognitive performance was determined using the Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, novel object recognition test and open field test. RESULTS: The levels of DNase II were significantly decreased in the brains and the plasma of AD patients. DNase II also decreased age-dependently in the neurons of WT and Tau-P301S mice, along with increased dsDNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. The DNA accumulation induced by neuronal DNase II deficiency drove tau phosphorylation by upregulating cyclin-dependent-like kinase-5 (CDK5) and calcium/calmodulin activated protein kinase II (CaMKII) and downregulating phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Moreover, DNase II knockdown induced and significantly exacerbated neuron loss, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in WT and Tau-P301S mice, respectively, while overexpression of neuronal DNase II exhibited therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSIONS: DNase II deficiency and cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation can initiate tau phosphorylation, suggesting DNase II as a potential therapeutic target for tau-associated disorders.

Differentiating lung neuroendocrine neoplasms from tumor-like infection using CT in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are the most frequent cause of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS); lung infection is common in EAS. An imaging finding of infection in EAS patients can mimic NENs. This retrospective study investigated EAS-associated pulmonary imaging indicators. METHODS: Forty-five pulmonary NENs and 27 tumor-like infections from 59 EAS patients (45 NEN and 14 infection patients) were included. Clinical manifestations, CT features, 18F-FDG, or 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT images and pathological results were collected. RESULTS: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and expectoration occurrence (p = 0.04) were higher, and finger oxygen saturation (p = 0.01) was lower in the infection group than the NENs group. Higher-grade NENs were underrepresented in our cohort. Pulmonary NENs were solitary primary tumors, 80% of which were peripheral tumors. Overlying vessel sign and airway involvement were more frequent in the NENs group (p < 0.001). Multifocal (p = 0.001) and peripheral (p = 0.02) lesions, cavity (p < 0.001), spiculation (p = 0.01), pleural retraction (p < 0.001), connection to pulmonary veins (p = 0.02), and distal atelectasis or inflammatory exudation (p = 0.001) were more frequent in the infection group. The median CT value increment between the non-contrast and arterial phases was significantly higher in NENs lesions (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a moderate predictive ability at 48.3 HU of delta CT value (sensitivity, 95.0%; specificity, 54.1%). CONCLUSION: Chest CT scans are valuable for localizing and characterizing pulmonary lesions in rare EAS, thereby enabling prompt differential diagnosis and treatment. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Thin-slice CT images are valuable for the localization and identification of pulmonary ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome lesions, leading to prompt differential diagnosis and effective treatment. KEY POINTS: Lung tumor-like infections can mimic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS) patients. NENs are solitary lesions, whereas infections are multiple peripheral pseudotumors each with identifying imaging findings. Typical CT signs aid in localization and creating an appropriate differential diagnosis.

Advances in molecular basis of response to immunotherapy for penile cancer: better screening of responders.

Penile cancer is a rare malignant tumor of the male urinary system. The treatment benefit of standard first-line chemotherapy is not ideal for patients with locally advanced or metastatic lymph nodes. Immunotherapy has brought new treatment strategies and opportunities for patients with penile cancer. At present, clinical studies on immunotherapy for penile cancer have been reported, and the results show that it is effective but not conclusive. With the development of immunotherapy and the progress of molecular research technology, we can better screen the immunotherapy response population and explore new combination treatment regimens to evaluate the best combination regimen and obtain the optimal treatment options, which is also an important research direction for the immunotherapy of penile cancer in the future.

Real-Time Monitoring of mtDNA Aggregation and Mitophagy Induced by a Fluorescent Platinum Complex in Living Cells.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is pivotal for mitochondrial morphology and function. Upon mtDNA damage, mitochondria undergo quality control mechanisms, including fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Real-time monitoring of mtDNA enables a deeper understanding of its effect on mitochondrial function and morphology. Controllable induction and real-time tracking of mtDNA dynamics and behavior are of paramount significance for studying mitochondrial function and morphology, facilitating a deeper understanding of mitochondria-related diseases. In this work, a fluorescent platinum complex was designed and developed that not only induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) aggregation but also triggers mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) through the MDV pathway for damaged mtDNA clearance in living cells. Additionally, this complex allows for the real-time monitoring of these processes. This complex may serve as a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial microautophagy and holds promise for broader applications in cellular imaging and disease research.

Ultrastructural comparison of the larval midguts between Trypoxylus dichotomus (Linnaeus, 1771) and Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky, 1854) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Larvae are the most important feeding and developmental stage in the life cycle of insects. Correspondingly, the larval midguts, as the primary digestive organs, undergo diverse specialization among insect lineages. Larvae of Scarabaeoidae, commomly known as white grubs, exhibit diversity on feeding habits at the familial or subfamilial level. However, the ultrastructure of larval midguts is not yet satisfactorily understood. In this study, the larval midguts of Trypoxylus dichotomus and Anomala corpulenta were compared using light and transmission electron microscopy for the first time, to uncover the ultrastructural differences between the midguts of saprophagous and phytophagous white grubs. The larval midguts of both species are tubular with three circles of the gastric caeca, and share morphological similarities in midgut epithelial cells, layers of basal lamina, and the digestive and regenerative cells. However, the midguts of the two species differ significantly in the shape of the gastric caeca and exhibit slightly differences in muscle structure. The morphology of larval midgut is related to the feeding habits.

APOE ε4-associated downregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R pathway in effector memory T cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele exerts a significant influence on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS: The present study enrolled 54 patients diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; including 28 APOE ε4 carriers and 26 non-carriers). Plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration was assessed, alongside bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: Plasma tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and interleukin (IL)-33 levels increased in the APOE ε4 carriers but IL-7 expression notably decreased. A negative correlation was observed between plasma IL-7 level and the hippocampal atrophy degree. Additionally, the expression of IL-7R and CD28 also decreased in PBMCs of APOE ε4 carriers. ScRNA-seq data results indicated that the changes were mainly related to the CD4+ Tem (effector memory) and CD8+ Tem T cells. DISCUSSION: These findings shed light on the role of the downregulated IL-7/IL-7R pathway associated with the APOE ε4 allele in modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal atrophy. HIGHLIGHTS: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele decreases plasma interleukin (IL)-7 and aggravates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Plasma IL-7 level is negatively associated with the degree of hippocampal atrophy. The expression of IL-7R signaling decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of APOE ε4 carriers Dysregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R signal pathways enriches T cells.

OsUVR8b, rather than OsUVR8a, plays a predominant role in rice UVR8-mediated UV-B response.

UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as the receptor mediating responses to UV-B radiation. However, UVR8-mediated UV-B signaling pathways in rice, which possesses two proteins (UVR8a and UVR8b) with high identities to AtUVR8, remain largely unknown. Here, UVR8a/b were found to be predominantly expressed in rice leaves and leaf sheaths, while the levels of UVR8b transcript and UVR8b protein were both higher than those of UVR8a. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, uvr8b and uvr8a uvr8b rice mutants exposed to UV-B showed reduced UV-B-induced growth inhibition and upregulation of CHS and HY5 transcripts alongside UV-B acclimation. However, uvr8a mutant was similar to WT plants and exhibited changes comparable with WT. Overexpressing OsUVR8a/b enhanced UV-B-induced growth inhibition and acclimation to UV-B. UV-B was able to enhance the interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligase OsCOP1 and OsUVR8a/b, whereas the interaction of the homologous protein of Arabidopsis REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS2 (AtRUP2) in rice with OsUVR8a/b was independent of UV-B. Additionally, OsUVR8a/b proteins were also found in the nucleus and cytoplasm even in the absence of UV-B. The abundance of OsUVR8 monomer showed an invisible change in the leaves of rice seedlings transferred from white light to that supplemented with UV-B, even though UV-B was able to weaken the interactions between OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b homo and heterodimers. Therefore, both OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b, which have different localization and response patterns compared with AtUVR8, function in the response of rice to UV-B radiation, whereas OsUVR8b plays a predominant role in this process.

Development of preoperative nomograms to predict the risk of overall and multifocal positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To develop preoperative nomograms using risk factors based on clinicopathological and MRI for predicting the risk of positive surgical margin (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent prostate MRI before RP at our center between January 2015 and November 2022. Preoperative clinicopathological factors and MRI-based features were recorded for analysis. The presence of PSM (overall PSM [oPSM]) at pathology and the multifocality of PSM (mPSM) were evaluated. LASSO regression was employed for variable selection. For the final model construction, logistic regression was applied combined with the bootstrap method for internal verification. The risk probability of individual patients was visualized using a nomogram. RESULTS: In all, 259 patients were included in this study, and 76 (29.3%) patients had PSM, including 40 patients with mPSM. Final multivariate logistic regression revealed that the independent risk factors for oPSM were tumor diameter, frank extraprostatic extension, and annual surgery volume (all p < 0.05), and the nomogram for oPSM reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.717 in development and 0.716 in internal verification. The independent risk factors for mPSM included the percentage of positive cores, tumor diameter, apex depth, and annual surgery volume (all p < 0.05), and the AUC of the nomogram for mPSM was 0.790 in both development and internal verification. The calibration curve analysis showed that these nomograms were well-calibrated for both oPSM and mPSM. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed nomograms showed good performance and were feasible in predicting oPSM and mPSM, which might facilitate more individualized management of prostate cancer patients who are candidates for surgery.

Complementary therapy with Chinese aromatic herbs to promote awakening in a comatose patient: A case report.

RATIONALE: Traumatic brain injury frequently leads to prolonged coma, posing significant medical management challenges. Complementary therapies, including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been investigated as potential interventions in comatose patients. Chinese aromatic herbs, such as Borneolum (Bingpian), Moschus (Shexiang), and Acori tatarinowii rhizoma (Shichangpu), have long been believed to be "resuscitation with aromatics" based on traditional Chinese medicines theory. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 16-year-old male was admitted to the intensive rehabilitation unit for further treatment due to prolonged coma and frequent seizures following traumatic brain injury. DIAGNOSES: Western medicine diagnosed the patient as coma, diffuse axonal injury, and epilepsy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, the syndrome differentiation indicates a Yin-closed disease. INTERVENTIONS: According to the patient's condition, we use the Chinese aromatic herbs as a complementary therapy. OUTCOMES: Following a month-long administration, the patient's consciousness and electroencephalogram (EEG) background progressively improved. A 6-month follow-up demonstrated full arousal, though with ambulatory EEG revealing mild to moderate abnormality in the background. LESSONS: The addition of Chinese aromatic herbs appears to have a beneficial effect on the patient's consciousness and EEG background. This could be attributed to the herbs' inherent pharmacological properties, as well as their potential to enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to other drugs. This makes them a promising option for complementary therapy.

Impact of different concentration iodinated contrast media on pain and comfort in abdominal computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether high concentration iodinated contrast media (CM), compared with low concentration CM, could reduce pain and discomfort levels in patients who had level II and III venous conditions. METHODS: This prospective, single-center study enrolled patients who had level II and III venous conditions and underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan between July 2021 and February 2022. The venous condition to establish peripheral venous access for CM injection was graded using the Intravenous Access Scoring system, of which level II and III indicated poor venous condition and difficult venous access. Patients received iomeprol 400 in high concentration group and ioversol 320 in low group at an identical iodine delivery rate of 1.12 gI/s. The primary outcomes were pain and comfort levels. The secondary outcomes included adverse events and image quality. Patients rated pain intensity via Numerical Rating Scale and comfort level via Visual Analogue Scale with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain and discomfort. Quantitative and qualitative image assessment were compared between two groups. Continuous variables were compared using Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 test, χ2 test for trend or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 206 patients (mean age, 60.13 ± 12.14 years; 81 males) were included with 99 in the high concentration group and 107 in the low concentration group. The high group had significantly lower pain scores (median 1 [IQR: 0-2] vs 2 (IQR 2-4), p < 0.001) and comfort scores (1 [IQR: 0-3] vs 3 [IQR: 2-5], p < 0.001) than the low group. Incidence of CM extravasation did not significantly differ (1.0 % vs 4.5 %, p = 0.214). No hypersensitivity reaction was observed. Qualitative assessment showed higher clarity scores of intrahepatic hepatic artery and portal vein in the high group. Quantitative assessment results were comparable between two groups. CONCLUSION: High concentration iodinated CM could lower pain intensity and improve comfort levels without comprising image quality of CT scan. High concentration CM is a preferable choice in patients with poor venous conditions during contrast-enhanced CT scan.

Unveiling the association between HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and bladder cancer: a comprehensive analysis using Mendelian randomization, animal models, and transcriptomics.

This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to investigate the association between commonly prescribed drugs and bladder cancer (BLCA) risk. Our results revealed that HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, specifically simvastatin, are significantly associated with reduced BLCA risk. We further showed that simvastatin could significantly inhibit BLCA proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in animal models, with transcriptomic data identifying several pathways associated with these processes. Higher expression of HMGCR were linked with BLCA development and progression, and certain blood lipids, such as lipoprotein particles and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, might influence BLCA risk. These findings suggested that HMGCR inhibitors, particularly simvastatin, could be potential treatment options or adjuvant therapies for BLCA.

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Chinese Version of the Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Self-Management Behavior Scale (CPTSMBS) for Patients with Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to develop the Chinese version of the totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) self-management behavior scale for patients with cancer to provide a reliable tool for medical staff to judge patients with TIVAP self-management behavior. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method exploratory design. The initial scale was developed through a literature review, expert meetings, and two-round Delphi expert consultation. The reliability indicators included retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The validity indicators included content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed for the validity analysis; 22 venous therapy experts participated in the Delphi expert consultation. A total of 500 patients were recruited from two third-class A hospitals in Guangdong Province, China, between July 2020 and January 2021 to test reliability and validity. A convenience sampling method was adopted. Results: The final scale comprised seven dimensions and 29 items. The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.990. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest reliability of the scale were 0.931 and 0.900, respectively. The EFA results indicated a seven-factor structure, accounting for 65.68% of the total data variance. The results of the CFA showed that the CMIN/DF value was 2.348; the root mean square error of approximation value was 0.06; and the values of comparative fit index, incremental fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index were all >0.90. The factor loadings for all the items were >0.50, the composite reliability value was >0.70, and the average variance extracted (AVE) value was >0.50. Moreover, all absolute values of the correlation coefficients were less than the square root of the AVE for the seven dimensions. The total scores between the health promoting lifestyle profile-II revise (HPLP-IIR) and CPTSMBS were positively correlated (r = 0.465, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be applied in clinical practice to evaluate self-management behavior among patients using a TIVAP.

Green fabrication of modified lignin/zeolite/chitosan-based composite membranes for preservation of perishable foods.

Chitosan, as a kind of naturally occurring green and degradable material for the preservation of perishable foods, was investigated in this study with the objective of enhancing its preservation performances. Herein, lignin was modified using the solvent fractionation method (modified lignin, ML, including ML1-ML3), while natural clinoptilolite zeolite was modified using the alkali modification method (modified clinoptilolite zeolite, MCZ, including MCZ1-MCZ5). After optimizing the conditions, it was discovered that incorporating both ML3 and MCZ3 into pure chitosan-based membranes might be conducive to fabricate chitosan-based composite membranes for the preservation of perishable foods. As-prepared composite membranes possessed better visible light transmittance, antioxidant activity, and carbon dioxide/oxygen selectivity, resulting in improved preservation effects on the model perishable foods such as bananas, cherry tomatoes, and cheeses. These findings might indicate promising applications for chitosan-based composite membranes with modified lignin and zeolite in the field of eco-friendly degradable materials for the preservation of perishable foods.

Neural operators for robust output regulation of hyperbolic PDEs.

The recently introduced neural operator (NO) has been employed as a gain approximator in the backstepping stabilization control of first-order hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems. Due to the global approximation ability of the DeepONet, the NO provides approximate spatial gain function with arbitrary accuracy. The closed-loop system stability can be ensured by the backstepping controller involving the approximate gain with sufficiently small error. In this paper, the NO theory is leveraged to solve the robust output regulation problem for a class of uncertain hyperbolic PDE systems under the design framework of backstepping-based regulator. The NO is trained offline on a dataset containing a sufficient number of system parameters and corresponding prior solutions of the kernel equation, so as to generate feedback gain for the robust regulator. Once the NO is trained, the kernel equation does not need to be solved ever again, for any new system parameters that do not exceed the range of the training set. Based on the internal model principle, the regulator is inherently robust to a degree of parameter uncertainty and error in approximate gain. Therefore, the tracking error can still converge to 0 if the extended regulator equations are solvable and the parameter uncertainty leads to an asymptotically stable origin. We provide a series of theory proofs and a numerical test under the approximate control and observation gains to demonstrate the robust regulation problem. It is shown that the NO is almost three orders of magnitude faster than PDE solver in generating kernel function, and the loss remains on the order of 10-4 in the test. This provides an opportunity to use the NO methodology for accelerated gain scheduling regulation for PDEs with time-varying system parameters.

Cinquefoil Knot Possessing Dynamic and Tunable Metal Coordination.

While the majority of knots are made from the metal-template approach, the use of entangled, constrained knotted loops to modulate the coordination of the metal ions remains inadequately elucidated. Here, we report on the coordination chemistry of a 140-atom-long cinquefoil knotted strand comprising five tridentate and five bidentate chelating vacancies. The knotted loop is prepared through the self-assembly of asymmetric "3 + 2" dentate ligands with copper(II) ions that favor five-coordination geometry. The formation of the copper(II) pentameric helicate is confirmed by X-ray crystallography, while the corresponding copper(II) knot is characterized by XPS and LR-/HR ESI-MS. Upon removal of the original template, the knotted ligand facilitates zinc(II) ions, which typically form four- or six-coordination geometries, resulting in the formation of an otherwise inaccessible zinc(II) metallic knot with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. The coordination numbers and geometries of the zinc(II) cations are undoubtedly determined by X-ray crystallography. Despite the kinetically labile nature and high reversibility of the zinc(II) complex preventing the detection of 5-to-6 coordination equilibrium in solution, the effects on metal-ion coordination induced by knotting hold promise for fine-tuning the coordination of metal complexes.

Expansion of Structure Property in Cascade Nazarov Cyclization and Cycloexpansion Reaction to Diverse Angular Tricycles and Total Synthesis of Nominal Madreporanone.

A cascade Nazarov cyclization/dicycloexpansions reaction was developed for the precise synthesis of the angularly fused M/5/N (M = 5, 6; N = 4-9, 13) tricyclic skeletons. The prioritized expansion of the first ring played a critical role in the transformations, due to the release of ring strain, and the nature of the substituents present on the substrate is another influencing factor. This pioneering cascade reaction features broad substrates scope (33 examples), short reaction time, exceptional yields (up to 95%), and remarkable regioselectivities (> 20:1). Exploiting the synthetic application of this cascade reaction, we successfully executed a succinct total synthesis of nominal madreporanone for the first time.

Does one-stitch method of temporary ileostomy affect the stoma-related complications after laparoscopic low anterior resection in rectal cancer patients?

PURPOSE: This current study attempted to investigate whether one-stitch method (OM) of temporary ileostomy influenced the stoma-related complications after laparoscopic low anterior resection (LLAR). METHODS: We searched for eligible studies in four databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI from inception to July 20, 2023. Both surgical outcomes and stoma-related complications were compared between the OM group and the traditional method (TM) group. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was adopted for quality assessment. RevMan 5.4 was conducted for data analyzing. RESULTS: Totally 590 patients from six studies were enrolled in this study (272 patients in the OM group and 318 patients in the TM group). No significant difference was found in baseline information (P > 0.05). Patients in the OM group had shorter operative time in both the primary LLAR surgery (MD = - 17.73, 95%CI = - 25.65 to - 9.80, P < 0.01) and the stoma reversal surgery (MD = - 18.70, 95%CI = - 22.48 to -14.92, P < 0.01) than patients in the TM group. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss of the primary LLAR surgery (MD = - 2.92, 95%CI = - 7.15 to 1.32, P = 0.18). Moreover, patients in the OM group had fewer stoma-related complications than patients in the TM group (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.38 to 0.79, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The OM group had shorter operation time in both the primary LLAR surgery and the stoma reversal surgery than the TM group. Moreover, the OM group had less stoma-related complications.