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We administered a questionnaire to participants who received different vaccination regimens to evaluate the effectiveness of Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that administration of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV provided 21.32% more protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection than that of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in people who had received only one type of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, aerosolized Ad5-nCoV exhibited good protection, whether it was administered as a homologous booster to people vaccinated with the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or as a heterologous booster to people vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Our research indicates that Ad5-nCoV is an effective booster. This finding supports the future selection of COVID-19 immunization strategies.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Inmunización Secundaria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacunación , Anciano , Eficacia de las Vacunas , Aerosoles , Adulto Joven , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The exploration of deep space significantly increases the probability of spacecraft failures due to surface electrostatic discharge, which imposes higher vacuum insulation protection requirements on polyimide (PI), the external insulation material of spacecrafts. To address this challenge, this study proposes using silane coupling agent KH550 for organic grafting treatment of Cr2O3nanoparticles, which are then used to dope and modify PI to enhance the vacuum surface insulation of PI films. The KH550 grafting improves the interface strength between the fillers and the matrix, allowing the fillers to be uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Compared to pure PI films, the prepared PI-Cr2O3@KH550 composite films exhibit significantly enhanced vacuum surface flashover voltage, improved surface/volume resistivity, and dielectric properties. The results demonstrate that PI composite films with 0.8% by mass of Cr2O3@KH550 show the most notable performance improvement, with the DC flashover voltage and impulse flashover voltage in vacuum increasing by 20.7% and 27.8%, respectively. The doping of chromium oxide nanoparticles introduces more deep traps into the PI films and reduce the surface resistivity. The higher deep trap density inhibits charge migration, thereby alleviating secondary electron emission and surface electric field distortion. Simultaneously, the lower surface resistivity facilitates dissipating surface charges and improves the surface insulation. These findings are of significant reference value for promoting the enhancement of aerospace insulation performance.
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Background: The clinical role of claudin 8 (CLDN8) in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclarified. Herein, the expression level and potential molecular mechanisms of CLDN8 underlying KIRC were determined. Methods: High-throughput datasets of KIRC were collected from GEO, ArrayExpress, SRA, and TCGA databases to determine the mRNA expression level of the CLDN8. In-house tissue microarrays and immunochemistry were performed to examine CLDN8 protein expression. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) and standardized mean difference (SMD) forest plot were generated using Stata v16.0. Single-cell analysis was conducted to further prove the expression level of CLDN8. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats knockout screen analysis was executed to assess the growth impact of CLDN8. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using the Metascape database. Additionally, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was implied to explore immune cell infiltration in KIRC. Results: A total of 17 mRNA datasets comprising 1,060 KIRC samples and 452 non-cancerous control samples were included in this study. Additionally, 105 KIRC and 16 non-KIRC tissues were analyzed using in-house immunohistochemistry. The combined SMD was -5.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): -6.13 to -4.37), and CLDN8 downregulation yielded an SROC area under the curve (AUC) close to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99 - 1.00). CLDN8 downregulation was also confirmed at the single-cell level. Knocking out CLDN8 stimulated KIRC cell proliferation. Lower CLDN8 expression was correlated with worse overall survival of KIRC patients (hazard ratio of CLDN8 downregulation = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.4). Functional pathways associated with CLDN8 co-expressed genes were centered on carbon metabolism obstruction, with key hub genes ACADM, ACO2, NDUFS1, PDHB, SDHD, SUCLA2, SUCLG1, and SUCLG2. Conclusions: CLDN8 is downregulated in KIRC and is considered a potential tumor suppressor. CLDN8 deficiency may promote the initiation and progression of KIRC, potentially in conjunction with metabolic dysfunction.
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In this study, maleic anhydride-modified lignin (LG-M), a ROS-cleavable thioketal (TK) bond, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to synthesize a lignin-based copolymer (LG-M(TK)-PEG). Doxorubicin (DOX) was attached to the ROS-cleavable bond in the LG-M(TK)-PEG for the preparation of the ROS-activatable DOX prodrug (LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG). Nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of 125.7 ± 3.1 nm were prepared by using LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG, and they exhibited enhanced uptake by cancer cells compared to free DOX. Notably, the presence of lignin in the nanoparticles could boost ROS production in breast cancer 4T1 cells while showing little effect on L929 normal cells. This selective effect facilitated the specific activation of the DOX prodrug in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in the superior tumor inhibitory effects and enhanced biosafety relative to free DOX. This work demonstrates the potential of the LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG NPs as an efficient drug delivery system for cancer treatment.
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Doxorrubicina , Liberación de Fármacos , Lignina , Nanopartículas , Estrés Oxidativo , Polietilenglicoles , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Lignina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Polietilenglicoles/química , Profármacos/química , Profármacos/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Anhídridos Maleicos/químicaRESUMEN
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory systemic disease characterized by pro-inflammatory macrophages activation (M1 macrophage) infiltrated in the dermal layer. How M1 macrophage contributes to psoriasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist CGS 21680 HCl alleviated the imiquimod (IMQ) and mouse IL-23 Protein (rmIL-23)-induced psoriasis inflammation through reducing infiltration of M1. Conversely, Adora2a deletion in mice exacerbated psoriasis-like phenotype. Mechanistically, A2AR activation inhibited M1 macrophage activation via the NF-κB-KRT16 pathway to reduce the secretion of CXCL10/11 and inhibit Th1/17 differentiation. Notably, the KRT16 expression was first found in M1 macrophage in our study, not only in keratinocytes (KCs). CXCL10/11 are first identified as primarily derived from macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) rather than KCs in psoriasis using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). In total, the study emphasizes the importance of M1 as an innate immune cell in pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Inmunidad Adaptativa , Inmunidad Innata , Activación de Macrófagos , Macrófagos , Psoriasis , Receptor de Adenosina A2A , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Inmunidad Adaptativa/efectos de los fármacos , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Agonistas del Receptor de Adenosina A2/farmacología , Quimiocina CXCL10/genética , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL10/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Imiquimod/farmacología , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/inmunología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Activación de Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Fenetilaminas/farmacología , Psoriasis/inmunología , Receptor de Adenosina A2A/metabolismo , Receptor de Adenosina A2A/genéticaRESUMEN
Electrohydrodynamic printing holds both ultrahigh-resolution fabrication capability and unmatched ink-viscosity compatibility yet fails on highly insulating thick/irregular substrates. Herein, we proposed a single-potential driven electrohydrodynamic printing process with submicrometer resolution on arbitrary nonconductive targets, regardless of their geometric shape or sizes, via precoating with an ultrathin dielectric nanoparticle layer. Benefiting from the favorable Maxwell-Wagner polarization, the reversely polarized spot brought about a significant drop (â¼57% for ceramics) in the operation voltage as its induced electric field and a negligible residual charge accumulation. Thus, ordered micro/nanostructures with line widths down to 300 nm were directly written at a stage speed as low as 5 mm/s, and silver features with width of â¼2 µm or interval of â¼4 µm were achieved on insulating substrates separately. Flexible sensors and curved heaters were then high-precision printed and demonstrated successfully, presenting this technique with huge potential for fabricating flexible/conformal electronics on arbitrary 3D structures.
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Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) leaves are rich in cannabinoids and flavonoids, which play important antioxidant roles. Since the environmental factors may influence the accumulation of antioxidants in herbal medicines, which affects their activity, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of C. sativa leaves and their geographical origin and antioxidant activity. Firstly, a high-resolution mass spectrometry method assisted by semi-quantitative feature-based molecular networking (SQFBMN) was established for the characterization and quantitative analysis of C. sativa leaves from various regions. Subsequently, antioxidant activity analysis was conducted on 73 batches of C. sativa leaves, and a partial least squares regression (PLS) model was employed to assess the correlation between the content of cannabinoids and flavonoids in the leaves and their antioxidant activity. A total of 16 cannabinoids and 57 flavonoids were annotated from C. sativa, showing a significant regular geographical distribution. The content of flavonoid-C glycosides in Sichuan leaves is relatively high, and their antioxidant activity is also correspondingly high. However, the leaves in Shaanxi and Xinjiang were primarily composed of flavonoid-O glycosides, and exhibited slightly lower antioxidant activity. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the total flavonoids and cannabinoids and the antioxidant activity of the leaves, and two flavonoids and one cannabinoid were identified as significant contributors.
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BACKGROUND: Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are at risk of considerable adverse events, and the ongoing struggle is to accurately identify the subset of patients who will benefit. Lymphocyte subsets play a pivotal role in the antitumor response, this study attempted to combine the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets (ACLS) with the clinicopathological parameters to construct nomograms to accurately predict the prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. METHODS: This retrospective study included a training cohort (n = 200) and validation cohort (n = 100) with aNSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. Logistic and Cox regression were conducted to identify factors associated with efficacy and progression-free survival (PFS) respectively. Nomograms were built based on independent influencing factors, and assessed by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULT: In training cohort, lower baseline absolute counts of CD3+ (P < 0.001) and CD4+ (P < 0.001) were associated with for poorer efficacy. Hepatic metastases (P = 0.019) and lower baseline absolute counts of CD3+ (P < 0.001), CD4+ (P < 0.001), CD8+ (P < 0.001), and B cells (P = 0.042) were associated with shorter PFS. Two nomograms to predict efficacy at 6-week after treatment and PFS at 4-, 8- and 12-months were constructed, and validated in validation cohort. The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) of nomogram to predict response was 0.908 in training cohort and 0.984 in validation cohort. The C-index of nomogram to predict PFS was 0.825 in training cohort and 0.832 in validation cohort. AUC-ROC illustrated the nomograms had excellent discriminative ability. Calibration curves showed a superior consistence between the nomogram predicted probability and actual observation. CONCLUSION: We constructed two nomogram based on ACLS to help clinicians screen of patients with possible benefit and make individualized treatment decisions by accurately predicting efficacy and PFS for advanced NSCLC patient treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Nomogramas , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Pronóstico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Adulto , Recuento de LinfocitosRESUMEN
HLA-A*11:01:127 differs from HLA-A*11:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.
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Alelos , Pueblo Asiatico , Secuencia de Bases , Exones , Antígeno HLA-A11 , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Humanos , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Antígeno HLA-A11/genética , Codón , Alineación de Secuencia , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
To explore the role of YAP, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. The temporal and spatial expression of YAP was detected via immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunohistochemistry on postoperative Days 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 28 in a sheep model. Isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from samples of the Day 14. The relative mRNA expression of YAP was examined before and after the osteogenic induction of MSCs. A YAP-silenced MSC model was constructed, and the effect of YAP knockdown on MSC function was examined. YAP is expressed in the nucleus of the key sites that determine the ankylosis formation, indicating that YAP is activated in a physiological state. The expression of YAP increased gradually over time. Moreover, the number of cells coexpressing of RUNX2 and YAP-with the osteogenic active zone labelled by RUNX2-tended to increase after Day 9. After the osteogenic induction of MSCs, the expression of YAP increased. After silencing YAP, the osteogenic, proliferative and migratory abilities of the MSCs were inhibited. YAP is involved in the early development of TMJ bony ankylosis. Inhibition of YAP using shRNA might be a promising way to prevent or treat TMJ ankylosis.
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Anquilosis , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteogénesis , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular , Animales , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/patología , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/genética , Anquilosis/metabolismo , Anquilosis/patología , Anquilosis/genética , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/patología , Ovinos , Proliferación Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Movimiento Celular , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is a distinctive vegetable that supplies a nutrient-rich edible inflorescence meristem for the human diet. However, the genomic bases of its selective breeding have not been studied extensively. Herein, we present a high-quality reference genome assembly C-8 (V2) and a comprehensive genomic variation map consisting of 971 diverse accessions of cauliflower and its relatives. Genomic selection analysis and deep-mined divergences were used to explore a stepwise domestication process for cauliflower that initially evolved from broccoli (Curd-emergence and Curd-improvement), revealing that three MADS-box genes, CAULIFLOWER1 (CAL1), CAL2 and FRUITFULL (FUL2), could have essential roles during curd formation. Genome-wide association studies identified nine loci significantly associated with morphological and biological characters and demonstrated that a zinc-finger protein (BOB06G135460) positively regulates stem height in cauliflower. This study offers valuable genomic resources for better understanding the genetic bases of curd biogenesis and florescent development in crops.
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Brassica , Domesticación , Genoma de Planta , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genómica , Brassica/genética , Genómica/métodos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Filogenia , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The principal objective of this project was to review and thoroughly examine the chemical characteristics, pharmacological activity, and quantification methods associated with contezolid. METHODS: The article was based on published and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies on the application of contezolid. These studies included experiments on the physicochemical properties of contezolid, in vitro antimicrobial research, in vivo antimicrobial research, and clinical trials in various phases. There were no date restrictions on these studies. RESULTS: In June 2021, contezolid was approved for treating complicated skin and soft tissue infections. The structural modification of contezolid has resulted in better efficacy compared to linezolid. It inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the production of the functional 70S initiation complex required to translate bacterial proteins. The current evidence has indicated a substantial decline in myelosuppression and monoamine oxidase inhibition without impairing its antibacterial properties. Contezolid was found to have a more significant safety profile and to be metabolised by flavin monooxygenase 5, reducing the risk of harmful effects due to drug-drug interactions. Adjusting doses is unnecessary for patients with mild to moderate renal or hepatic insufficiency. CONCLUSION: As an oral oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent, contezolid is effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The introduction of contezolid provided a new clinical option.
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Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas , Oxazolidinonas , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Oxazolidinonas/farmacología , Oxazolidinonas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Animales , PiridonasRESUMEN
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) can effectively reduce the degree of humification and toxicity of landfill leachate by generating highly active oxidative species in situ. However, the selective and competitive oxidation of humic acid (HA) and ammonia (NH4+) and the role of different oxidative species during the EO process in complex aqueous conditions remain unclear. In this study, a nanostructured tin-antimony electrode (Ti/Sb-SnO2 NFs) was prepared and compared with three types of commercial electrodes (Ti/Ir-RuO2, Ti4O7, Ti/Sb-SnO2) in terms of electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic oxidation of HA and NH4+. The de-humification capacity, interactive effects of HA and NH4+ on each other's oxidation by different oxidative species, as well as the related oxidation byproducts were investigated. The differences in pollutant electrooxidation among the different electrodes were found to be insignificant. The presence of HA was found to be detrimental to NH4+ degradation while reducing the N2 conversion rate. Interestingly, NH4+ initially inhibited the degradation rates of HA while promoted the degradation and reduced the accumulation of organic chlorine during the later EO process. A proposed mechanism accounts for both competitive and promotional effects for simultaneous HA and NH4+ oxidation during the EO process.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which owned severe resistance to platinum-based anticancer agents. Herein, we report a new metal-arene complex, Ru-TPE-PPh3, which can be synthesized in vitro and in living cells with copper catalyzed the cycloaddition reaction of Ru-azide and alkynyl (CuAAC). The complex Ru-TPE-PPh3 exhibited superior inhibition of the proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 4.0 µM. Ru-TPE-PPh3 could induce the over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate the oxidative stress, and further damage the mitochondria both functionally and morphologically, as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cutting the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the disappearance of cristae structure. Moreover, the damaged mitochondria evoked the occurrence of mitophagy with the autophagic flux blockage and cell death. The complex Ru-TPE-PPh3 also demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative activity in 3D MDA-MB-231 multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), indicating the potential to inhibit solid tumors in living cells. This study not only provided a potent agent for the TNBC treatment, but also demonstrated the universality of the bioorthogonally catalyzed lethality (BCL) strategy through CuAAC reation.
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Antineoplásicos , Autofagia , Complejos de Coordinación , Mitocondrias , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Rutenio , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Rutenio/química , Rutenio/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Dual suppression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis can disrupt metabolic adaption of cancer cells, inhibiting energy supply and leading to successful cancer therapy. Herein, we have developed an α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS)-functionalized iridium(III) complex Ir2, a highly lipophilic mitochondria targeting anticancer molecule, could inhibit both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, resulting in the energy blockage and cancer growth suppression. Mechanistic studies reveal that complex Ir2 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and mitochondrial depolarization, and triggers DNA oxidative damage. These damages could evoke the cancer cell death with the mitochondrial-relevant apoptosis and autophagy. 3D tumor spheroids experiment demonstrates that Ir2 owned superior antiproliferation performance, as the potent anticancer agent in vivo. This study not only provided a new path for dual inhibition of both mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolytic metabolisms with a novel α-TOS-functionalized metallodrug, but also further demonstrated that the mitochondrial-relevant therapy could be effective in enhancing the anticancer performance.
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Antineoplásicos , Proliferación Celular , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Glucólisis , Fosforilación Oxidativa , Humanos , Fosforilación Oxidativa/efectos de los fármacos , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estructura Molecular , Animales , Iridio/química , Iridio/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ratones , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To explore the role and mechanism of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in SACC VM formation. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry and double staining with cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were used to detect HSP27 expression and VM in 70 SACC tissue samples separately. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to detect gene and protein expression. HSP27 in SACC cells were overexpression or downregulated by transfecting HSP27 or short hairpin RNA target HSP27 (sh-HSP27). The migration and invasion abilities of SACC cells were detected using wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The VM formation ability of the cells in vitro was detected using a Matrigel 3-dimensional culture. RESULTS: HSP27 expression was positively correlated with VM formation and affected the prognosis of patients. In vitro, HSP27 upregulation engendered VM formation and the invasion and migration of SACC cells. Mechanistically, HSP27 upregulation increased Akt phosphorylation and subsequently increased downstream matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expressions. CONCLUSION: HSP27 may plays an important role in VM formation in SACC via the AKT-MMP-2/9 signalling pathway.
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Western Blotting , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27 , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Neovascularización Patológica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27/genética , Inmunohistoquímica , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pronóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/genética , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Cardiac macrophage contributes to the development of cardiac fibrosis, but factors that regulate cardiac macrophages transition and activation during this process remains elusive. Here we show, by single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing and parabiosis, that cardiac macrophages from circulating monocytes preferentially commit to macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) under angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, with accompanying increased expression of the RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylases, ALKBH5. Meanwhile, macrophage-specific knockout of ALKBH5 inhibits Ang II-induced MMT, and subsequently ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing identifies interlukin-11 (IL-11) mRNA as a target for ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation, leading to increased IL-11 mRNA stability and protein levels. By contrast, overexpression of IL11 in circulating macrophages reverses the phenotype in ALKBH5-deficient mice and macrophage. Lastly, targeted delivery of ALKBH5 or IL-11 receptor α (IL11RA1) siRNA to monocytes/macrophages attenuates MMT and cardiac fibrosis under hypertensive stress. Our results thus suggest that the ALKBH5/IL-11/IL11RA1/MMT axis alters cardiac macrophage and contributes to hypertensive cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice, and thereby identify potential targets for cardiac fibrosis therapy in patients.
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Adenina , Hipertensión , Interleucina-11 , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Desmetilasa de ARN, Homólogo 5 de AlkB , Angiotensina II , Cardiotónicos , Macrófagos , Miofibroblastos , ARNRESUMEN
Alkynes are readily available and multifunctional synthetic intermediates, but their 1,1-oxofunctionalization remains challenging. Herein, we report a 1,1-oxycarbonation of terminal alkynes to construct ketones through sequential borylation, 1,2-carbon migration, and oxidation with Oxone as the proton source and oxidant. The synthetic potential of this transformation is showcased by the broad functional groups, scale-up synthesis, and diverse product transformations.