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Background and objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. However, there is limited research on the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of AR. Our study aimed to assess the association between DII and AR in a sample of adults from North China. Methods: In a case-control study, we selected 166 cases of AR and 166 age- and gender-matched controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated based on the quantity of diet components with inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential. We used conditional logistic regression models to examine the association between E-DII and AR. Results: Our findings indicate a positive correlation between E-DII and AR risk. After controlling for confounders, individuals in the highest E-DII tertile exhibited a 4.41-fold increased risk of AR compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.31-8.41). Additionally, stratified analysis showed that E-DII was positively associated with AR subtype (seasonal vs. perennial), duration (≤6 years vs. >6 years), severity (mild vs. moderate-severe), and onset time (intermittent vs. persistent). Furthermore, individuals in the highest E-DII tertile had higher intake of total fat, SFA, PUFAs, and n-6 PUFAs. Conclusion: In conclusion, we realized that there is a positive association between the E-DII score and AR. The consumption of diets abundant in anti-inflammatory nutrients and low in pro-inflammatory nutrient contents is recommended as a preventative strategy against AR.
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Background: Hyperlipidemia has been demonstrated to be an autonomous predictor of numerous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, and research indicates that polyphenols have preventive and therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on blood lipids and oxidative stress status in patients with hyperlipidemia remains inconclusive. Objective: To examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on lipid levels and oxidative stress in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Methods: To retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through October 9, 2023, eight databases were searched: the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the China Biomedical Literature Database, the Wanfang Database, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science. The quality of include studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials tool, v2. Results: The study involved 13 surveys encompassing 640 patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. The scope of the food surveys included 12 commonly consumed food groups and medicinal and food homologous substances. All 13 studies reported the effects of polyphenol-rich foods on blood lipids, with significant improvements observed in blood lipid levels for 9 types of foods. Eight studies examined the impact on oxidative stress, and six foods demonstrated a significant reduction in oxidative stress levels. The observed effects were found to be influenced by factors such as dosage, duration of intervention, and gender. Conclusion: Foods abundant in polyphenols play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia by counteracting oxidative stress and regulating metabolic disorders. The confirmation of certain positive effects by several studies notwithstanding, discrepancies in results arise from various factors, necessitating further large-scale, prospective, well-designed randomized controlled studies to address this issue.
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Rose polyphenols, key functional components in roses, require adequate bioaccessibility for their health benefits, subject to influence by food components and processing. Investigating the impact of various thermal sterilization methods on the bioaccessibility of rose polyphenols in rose tea with milk and the underlying mechanisms, our findings indicated a significant increase in bioaccessibility following treatment at 85 °C/30 min. Conversely, 121 °C/15 min treatment decreased bioaccessibility. Examining the interaction between ß-casein in milk and rose polyphenols under different sterilization conditions, SEM and particle size analysis revealed binding, with fluorescence spectroscopy indicating non-covalent bonds. Binding forces followed the order 121 °C > 85 °C > 25 °C. Notably, at 85 °C, non-covalent binding improved polyphenol bioaccessibility, while the intensified binding at 121 °C decreased it. SDS-PAGE and amino acid analysis confirmed no covalent bond. This study establishes a theoretical basis for selecting thermal sterilization temperatures for milk-flower combinations, considering polyphenol bioaccessibility.
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AIM: To explore the scope and form of prescriptions for blood and hematopoietic drugs that future advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the Department of Haematology and to establish a medicine prescription training content in China. BACKGROUND: Because the increasing number of doctors cannot meet the increasing demand for medical care with the population growth, many countries have begun to explore the medical team structure and practice areas, among which nurse prescribing rights have been the most effective. However, China's higher nursing education system still lacks education and training on nurse prescription. DESIGN: On the basis of literature research and semi-structured interviews, a set of nursing prescription content, education, training and practice system suitable for Chinese nurses was jointly created. METHODS: Two rounds of expert consultation between 23 haematology nursing experts and clinical experts determined the training content of blood system drugs and medicine prescriptions. Additionally, on the basis of the 23 expertsï¼13 experts engaged in clinical and education, teaching and training experts were involved. Two rounds of expert consultation with 36 experts identified a general clinical practice training program for advanced practice nurses in China. RESULTS: Regarding contents and forms of hematopoietic drugs, the study concluded that advanced practice nurses in haematology department can prescribe anti-anemia drugs, anti-coagulant drugs and anti-thrombotic drugs in 2 categories and 16 drugs. Of these, four kinds of drugs should be prescribed in the form of protocol prescription. One kind of drug should be prescribed in the form of extended prescription and 11 drugs should be prescribed in the form of independent/extended or agreed/extended prescription. Regarding training content, the study obtained the training content of nurses' medicine prescriptions in eight clinical circumstances and the medicine prescription training content for common diseases of the blood system. The required specifications and the medicine prescription decision skills of nurses were sorted out according to different prescription types. CONCLUSIONS: The degrees of expert authority were both higher in consultations. Moreover, the results after consultation were reliable. It was recommended that haematology APNs could prescribe anti-anaemic drugs and anti-coagulation and anti-thrombotic drugs. Furthermore, most drugs should be prescribed in the form of independent/extended or agreed/extended prescriptions. The establishment of a medicine prescription training content for haematology APNs is expected to provide a reference for clinical practice education and training for drug prescriptive authority applicants for blood and hematopoietic system nurses in China.
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Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada , Técnica Delphi , Hematología , Humanos , China , Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada/educación , Hematología/educación , Prescripciones de Medicamentos/enfermería , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of prenatal diagnosis and outcome of pregnancy for women with a high risk for fetal aneuploidies. METHODS: A total of 747 cases of prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis due to high risks by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) were selected from January 2015 to March 2022 in the Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School. The amniotic fluid samples were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and/or chromosomal microarray analysis. All cases were followed up by searching the birth information or telephone calls, and the results were recorded. 2 test or F test were used for comparing the difference between the groups. RESULTS: Among the 747 pregnant women with a high risk by NIPT, 387 were true positives, and the overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 51.81%. The PPVs for trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18), trisomy 13 (T13) and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) were 80.24% (199/248), 60% (48/80), 14% (7/50) and 38.97% (106/272), respectively. The PPV for T21 was significantly higher than T18 and T13 (χ2 = 85.216, P < 0.0001). The PPV for other chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations (CNVs) were 11.11% (5/45) and 40.74% (22/52), respectively. The PPV for increased X chromosomes was significantly higher than X chromosome decreases (64.29% vs. 22.22%, χ2 = 5.530, P < 0.05). The overall PPV for elder women (≥ 35 years old) was significantly higher than younger women (69.35% vs. 42.39%, χ2 = 49.440, P < 0.0001). For T21 and T18, the PPV of Z ≥ 10 group was significantly higher than that for 3 ≤ Z < 5 group or 5 ≤ Z < 10 group (P < 0.05). Among 52 cases with a high risk for CNVs, the PPV for the ≤ 5 Mb group was significantly higher than the 5 Mb < CNVs < 10 Mb or > 10 Mb groups (60% vs. 30%60% vs. 23.53%, P < 0.05). Among the 387 true positive cases, 322 had opted for induced labor, 53 had delivered with no abnormal growth and development, and 12 were lost during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: The PPVs for common chromosomal aneuploidies are related to the age and Z value of the pregnant women, which were higher in the elder group and higher Z value group. In addition, the PPV is associated with high risk types. The PPV for T21 was higher than T18 and T13, and that for 45,X was lower than 47,XXX, 47,XYY or 47,XXY syndrome. NIPT therefore has relatively high PPVs for the identification of chromosomal CNVs.
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Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Síndrome de Down , Femenino , Embarazo , Humanos , Anciano , Adulto , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Síndrome de Down/genética , Aneuploidia , Síndrome de la Trisomía 18/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Trisomía 18/genética , Síndrome de la Trisomía 13/diagnóstico , ADN , Trisomía/diagnóstico , Trisomía/genéticaRESUMEN
Background: Despite the well-grounded benefits of physical activity (PA), poor compliance with the PA guidelines has been reported among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Mobile health (mHealth)-based interventions can help cancer survivors increase their PA levels and increase the reach or efficiency of rehabilitation services. However, there is limited knowledge about the needs and perceptions of HNC patients regarding these interventions. This study explored the perceptions and needs of HNC patients regarding mHealth-based PA programs before developing such interventions to ensure their improved effectiveness. Study design: A constructivist qualitative study. Methods: We purposively selected 17 adult HNC patients aged 40-80 years to determine their needs and perceptions of future mHealth-based PA programs. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed via thematic analysis. The report followed the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research Reports guidelines. Results: Four themes were analyzed from the interview transcripts regarding the needs and perceptions of mHealth-based PA programs: (1) functionality needs; (2) system usage requirements; (3) social support; and (4) perceived barriers and facilitators. HNC patients expect highly customized and specialized mHealth interventions that consider individual factors, address their concerns about security, network, and cost, and prefer improved comfort. Moreover, they expect to receive support from their healthcare providers, families, and peers. Conclusion: The study provides pragmatic ready-to-use recommendations to design interventions for inactive HNC patients to achieve the recommended PA levels. Future mHealth interventions should be tailored according to the needs of the HNC patients by utilizing perceived facilitators and removing perceived barriers to help them engage in PA actively.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Telemedicina , Adulto , Humanos , Investigación Cualitativa , Ejercicio Físico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapiaRESUMEN
Objective: This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of an intervention based on the information-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model in improving the sublingual immunotherapy adherence score, medication beliefs score, self-efficacy score, and medication knowledge score of patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 120 patients with allergic rhinitis from an otorhinolaryngology clinic were divided into the control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60); the study was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022. The control group received routine intervention, whereas the experimental group received intervention based on the IMB model. The medication adherence, medication beliefs, self-efficacy, and medication knowledge levels of the two groups were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, at 1-month follow-up, and at 3-month follow-up. Results: After intervention, a total of 116 patients completed the trial in the experimental and control groups (58 cases each). The results revealed differences in the scores of medication adherence, belief, self-efficacy, and knowledge between the two groups post-intervention, at 1-month follow-up, and at 3-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Further, the scores of the four indexes of the two groups were different with time, and better changes were noted among experimental group participants. Conclusion: Implementing interventions based on the IMB model for people receiving sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis can effectively improve patients' medication beliefs, self-efficacy, and knowledge of medication, thereby improving their medication adherence, ensuring efficacy, and providing medication care for outpatients.
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Evidence linking sleep timing and night sleep duration to dyslipidemia was limited and inconclusive, especially among low- and middle-income adults. The aims were to evaluate the associations between sleep timing, night sleep duration and dyslipidemia in a rural population. Based on the Henan Rural Cohort Study, a total of 37 164 participants were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect sleep information. Logistic regression and restrictive cubic splines were conducted to explore the associations. Of the 37 164 enrolled participants, 13881 suffered from dyslipidemia. Compared to the reference groups, people who went to sleep after 23:00 or woke up after 7:30 had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)were 1.30 (1.20-1.41) and 1.34 (1.19-1.50). The adjusted OR (95%CI) of participants in the Late-sleep/Late-rise category compared to the Early-sleep/Early-rise category was 1.55 (1.08-1.23). Compared to the reference (7~≤8 h), the adjusted OR (95%CI) was 1.11 (1.03-1.20) for longer (>9 h) night sleep duration. Moreover, the combined effects of sleep duration (>9 h) with sleep time (22:00~) (OR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.16-1.84), sleep duration (>9 h) with wake-up time (≥7:30) (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.08-1.51), and sleep duration (>9 h) with the Late-sleep/Late-rise category (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.14-1.75) increased the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Accordingly, our results indicate that delayed sleep timing and longer night sleep duration had independent and joint effects on higher risks of dyslipidemia in rural population.
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Dislipidemias , Duración del Sueño , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , Población Rural , Factores de Riesgo , Ritmo Circadiano , Sueño , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To explore the influencing factors of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the rural population of Henan Province and evaluate the predictive ability of non-invasive factors to T2DM. METHODS: A total of 30,020 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in China were included in this study. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a testing set with a 50:50 split for validation purposes. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between 56 factors and T2DM in the training set (false discovery rate < 5 %) and significant factors were further validated in the testing set (P < 0.05). Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model was used to determine the ability of the non-invasive variables to classify T2DM individuals accurately and the importance ranking of these variables. RESULTS: The overall population prevalence of T2DM was 9.10 %. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, marital status, and body measure index (BMI), we identified 13 non-invasive variables and 6 blood biochemical indexes associated with T2DM in the training and testing dataset. The top three factors according to the GBM importance ranking were pulse pressure (PP), urine glucose (UGLU), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The GBM model achieved a receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.837 with non-invasive variables and 0.847 for the full model. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that non-invasive variables that can be easily measured and quickly obtained may be used to predict T2DM risk in rural populations in Henan Province.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores de Riesgo , Población Rural , Índice de Masa Corporal , Circunferencia de la Cintura , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Guidelines are intended to facilitate evidence-based clinical decision-making and knowledge translation; however, the quality and rigor of the guidelines are different. This study was conducted to assess the quality of sublingual immunotherapy guidelines for allergic rhinitis, in order to provide a reference for evidence-based clinical treatment and management of sublingual immunotherapy. METHODS: Using both Chinese and English search methods, articles were obtained from PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP, and other databases from the construction of the database to September 2020. The AGREE II instrument was used by two researchers to independently evaluate the quality of the extracted articles, and the consistency of the researchers was evaluated using the inter-group correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Ten articles were included in this study, of which two articles ranked A level, six articles ranked B level, and two articles ranked C level. The six sections of AGREE II included scope and aim, clarity, participant, applicability, rigor, and editorial independence, with standardized scores of 78.06%, 45.83%, 42.81%, 77.50%, 50.42%, and 46.25%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The quality of the current guidelines for sublingual immunotherapy is average. The formulation methodology and reporting standards of these guidelines must be developed. By standardizing the treatment of sublingual immunotherapy properly, it is recommended that guideline makers refer to the AGREE II to formulate high-quality guidelines and promote their wide application.
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Rinitis Alérgica , Inmunoterapia Sublingual , Humanos , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Bases de Datos Factuales , Rinitis Alérgica/terapia , Inmunoterapia Sublingual/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide, but there are still no drugs available that treat it effectively. Previous studies have shown that phenylethanoid glycosides have pharmacological effects, which include anti-AD properties, but the underlying mechanisms by which they ameliorate AD symptoms remain unknown. METHODS: In this study, we used an APP/PS1 AD mouse model to explore the function and mechanisms underlying savatiside A (SA) and torenoside B (TB) in the treatment of AD. SA or TB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) was orally administered to 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice for 4 weeks. Cognitive and memory functions were measured using behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze test and the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test). Molecular biology experiments (including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) were used to detect any corresponding changes in signaling pathways. RESULTS: The results showed that SA or TB treatment could significantly reduce cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. We also showed that chronic treatment with SA/TB could prevent spine loss, synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and neuronal loss in mice, thereby improving synaptic plasticity and moderating learning and memory deficits. SA/TB administration also promoted the expression of synaptic proteins in APP/PS1 mouse brains and upregulated phosphorylation of proteins in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/CREB/brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) pathway that are responsible for synaptic plasticity. Additionally, chronic SA/TB treatment increased the levels of BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Both astrocyte and microglia volumes, as well as the generation of amyloid ß, were also decreased in SA/TB-treated APP/PS1 mice compared to control APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: In summary, SA/TB treatment was associated with activation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway and increased BDNF and NGF expression, indicating that SA/TB improves cognitive functioning via nerve regeneration. SA/TB is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of AD.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Péptidos beta-Amiloides , Ratones , Animales , Ratones Transgénicos , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/farmacología , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Plasticidad Neuronal , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Aprendizaje por Laberinto , Adenosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Monofosfato/farmacología , Adenosina Monofosfato/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite the well-documented advantages of regular physical activity (PA), patients with cancer show suboptimal participation. By using game design elements, gamification could be used to motivate individuals to engage in PA. It has been demonstrated that gamification interventions positively affect children, adolescents and older adults in health-related contexts. There are, however, inconsistent findings regarding the impact of gamification interventions on cancer survivors' PA and health-related outcomes, according to the literature. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of gamification interventions for improving PA and health-related outcomes among cancer survivors. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. Eight English databases and three Chinese databases were searched to identify eligible articles from inception to February 2022. Two reviewers independently performed the literature screening and data extraction. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) Working Group levels of evidence was used to evaluate the certainty of the findings. RESULTS: Ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2022 were included. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the step counts and for moderate to vigorous PA, and the certainty of the findings was very low, according to GRADE. Meta-analysis for most outcomes could not be performed owing to the fewer included studies and significant heterogeneity. Most studies reported positive effects in improving moderate PA, sedentary behaviour, fatigue and at least one domain of quality of life. This review proved that gamified interactions are associated with low adverse event rates. CONCLUSION: Gamification interventions could be a feasible way to promote the adoption of mobile health (mHealth) technology in patients with cancer. Individual studies have demonstrated some positive effects of gamification interventions on PA and health-related outcomes. However, limited studies, small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity weaken the evidence. Larger, well-designed RCTs are required to confirm the impact of gamification interventions on PA and health-related outcomes in cancer survivors.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Neoplasias , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Anciano , Estudios de Factibilidad , Gamificación , Neoplasias/terapia , Ejercicio Físico , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Aims: To explore the study of the relationship between the level of gut flora in childhood obese people and normal healthy people based on the analysis of machine learning. Materials and Methods: The stools of 54 normal weight, 53 overweight, and 59 obese children from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected. And DNA was extracted, and primers specific for the four bacteria were designed according to the specificity of the four bacteria to the 16 S rDNA gene sequences of the bacteria to be tested, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR reactions were performed to compare whether there was any difference in the number of the four bacteria between the three groups. Results. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the PCR amplification products of all four target bacteria showed clear bands at the corresponding positions, and no nonspecific bands appeared. When compared with the marker, the size matched with the target fragment, indicating good primer specificity. The comparison between normal body recombinant, super recombinant, and obese groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for rectal eubacteria, polymorphic anaplasma, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli. The median number of bifidobacteria in the three groups was significantly higher than the median number of rectal eubacteria, polymorphomycetes, and lactobacilli. The difference in comparison was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Stratified analysis of children's age revealed that normal body composition of Lactobacillus decreased with increasing age, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: An increase in rectal eubacteria and a decrease in polymorphomycetes, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli may be associated with the development of obesity. The numbers of rectal eubacteria, polymorphic methanobacteria, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli in the intestine of normal weight and obese children were less affected by sex and age.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Obesidad Infantil , Bacterias/genética , Niño , Humanos , Lactobacillus , Aprendizaje AutomáticoRESUMEN
Background: AMPK has attracted widespread interest as a potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases, given its key role in controlling energy homeostasis. Metformin (Met) has historically been used to treat Type 2 diabetes and has been shown to counteract age-related diseases. However, studies regarding the relationship between Met and a variety of age-related classifications of cognitive decline have reported mixed findings. Objective: To assess the potential effect of Met on the onset of dementia and discuss the possible biological mechanisms involved. Methods: This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420201251468). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 25 May 2021, for population-based cohort studies. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results. Results: Fourteen population-based cohort studies (17 individual comparisons) involving 396,332 participants were identified. Meta-analysis showed that Met exposure was significantly associated with reduced risk of all subtypes of dementias [relative risk (RR) = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.91; p < 0.001]. Conversely, no significant reduction in risk was observed for those who received Met monotherapy at the onset of vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The effect was more prominent in patients who had long-term Met exposure (⩾4 years) (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.32-0.46; p < 0.001), while no such significant effect was found with short-term Met exposure (1-2 years) (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.87-1.66; p < 0.001). Moreover, no association was observed for Met exposure in participants of European descent (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.66-1.54; p = 0.003) compared with those from other countries. Conclusion: Based on the evidence from population-based cohort studies, our findings suggest that the AMPK activator, Met, is a potential geroprotective agent for dementias, particularly among long-term Met users. Due to the significant heterogeneity among the included studies, we should interpret the results with caution.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical research publications have become the dominant source and basis of clinical evidence-based decision-making. Exploring the type and quantity of clinical research publications in the PubMed database is useful for clarifying the changing trends of clinical research development in recent years. Therefore, a longitudinal analysis of the type and quantity of clinical research publications in the PubMed database over three decades was conducted. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched to retrieve clinical research according to the type and year of publication from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2020. The research types were classified as primary and secondary literature. RESULTS: A total of 1,078,404 primary literatures were retrieved and the constituent proportions were ranked from high to low as case report/series (27.54%), randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (23.62%), cohort studies (21.05%), cross-sectional studies (17.49%), case control studies (9.15%), non-RCTs (1.01%), and pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) (0.15%). Correspondingly, 1,302,173 secondary literatures were retrieved and ranked as narrative review (70.88%), systematic review (15.02%), systematic review and meta-analyses (13.89%), traditional meta-analyses (4.48%), expert consensus (2.31%), guidelines (1.49%), scoping reviews (0.68%), net meta-analyses (0.40%), and umbrella reviews (0.04%). The average annual growth rate for the primary literature was 10.28%, and ranked from high to low as PCTs (83.68%), cohort studies (17.74%), cross-sectional studies (17.61%), non-RCTs (12.11%), case control studies (8.86%), RCTs (7.68%), case report/series (7.51%); while that for the secondary literature was 10.57%, and ranked from high to low as net meta-analyses (48.97%), umbrella reviews (47.09%), scoping reviews (41.92%), systematic reviews and meta-analyses (33.44%), systematic reviews (33.05%), traditional meta-analyses (12.49%), expert consensuses (9.22%), narrative review (8.72%), and guidelines (2.82%). CONCLUSION: Both the composition and number of clinical studies changed significantly from 1991 to 2020. Based on the trend, the case report/series, case control study, and narrative review are on the decline, while cohort study, cross-sectional study, systematic reviews, and systematic review and meta-analysis literature have increased. To improve the quality of clinical evidence, we recommend RCT and cohort study give priority to access to allocated research resources in future.
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PubMed/tendencias , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
Accumulating evidence indicates that epilepsy has a higher risk of inducing memory impairment and dementia. However, the underlying onset mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that mice with spontaneous epilepsy induced by endothelial CDK5 deficiency exhibited hippocampal-dependent memory impairment at 6 months of age, but not at 2 months of age. Moreover, the persistent epileptic seizures induce aberrant changes in phosphorylation of CaMKII protein in the hippocampus of spontaneous epileptic mice. Using genome-wide RNA sequencing and intergenic interaction analysis of STRING, we found that in addition to epilepsy-related genes, there are changes in synaptic organization pathway node genes, such as Bdnf and Grin1. The synapse-related proteins by Western blot analysis, such as NMDA receptors (NR1 and NR2B), PSD95, and the phosphorylation of synapsin1, are progressively decreased during epileptic seizures in Cdh5-CreERT2;CDK5f/f mice. Notably, we found that valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) augment mRNA expression and protein levels of synapse-related genes and ameliorate memory impairment in Cdh5-CreERT2;CDK5f/f mice. Our study elucidates a potential mechanism of memory deficits in epilepsy, and pharmacological reversal of synaptic pathology targeting might provide a new therapeutic intervention for epileptic memory deficits.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause and pregnancy outcome for non-reportable cell-free DNA (cfDNA) results during non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). METHODS: cfDNA was extracted from maternal plasma from 5898 singleton pregnancies at 12 to 22 gestational weeks and underwent NIPT with strict quality control standards. For those with sub-standard results, redraw or invasive prenatal procedures were recommended. RESULTS: Among the 5898 cases, 32 have failed for the initial NIPT, including 17 cases with substandard cffDNA%, 10 cases with data fluctuation after twice library constructing and sequencing, and 5 cases with unidentifiable sex chromosome abnormalities. For these 32 cases, 2 directly underwent amniocentesis, and karyotyping analysis showed both were normal. Six of the 30 redrawn cases finally turned out to be nonreportable. The final nonreportable rate was therefore 0.1% (8/5898). Of the redrawn cases, 1 trisomy 21, 1 trisomy 18 and 1 trisomy 13 high risk-cases were identified, which were all confirmed to be false positive. Among the 6 nonreportable cases, 2 women underwent invasive prenatal testing, and 1 was found to have a normal fetal karyotype, while another was found to have an abnormal karyotype of mos45,X[32]/46,XY[18]. The other 4 nonreportable cases who did not accept invasive prenatal testing have all reported normal child development at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The main reason for nonreportable NIPT results was low cffDNA%. The high success rate of the redrawn cases has effectively increased the overall NIPT success rate and reduced the number of the cases necessitating invasive prenatal diagnosis. The initially nonreportable women may consider retesting after careful counseling with informed consent.
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Pruebas Prenatales no Invasivas , Aneuploidia , Niño , Femenino , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Trisomía , Síndrome de la Trisomía 18/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Yinqin oral liquid (YOL) has curative effect for upper respiratory tract infections, especially for chronic pharyngitis (CP). Since the traditional Chinese herbal formulae are complicated, the pharmacological mechanism of YOL remains unclear. The aim of this work was to explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of YOL against CP. METHODS: First, the profile of putative target of YOL was predicted based on structural and functional similarities of all available YOL components, which were obtained from the Drug Bank database, to the known drugs using TCMSP. The chemical constituents and targets of honeysuckle, scutellaria, bupleurum and cicada were searched by TCMSP, CTD, GeneCards and other databases were used to query the CP-related genes, which were searched by UniProt database. Thereafter, the interactions network between compounds and overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes was carried out on Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. RESULTS: The pathway enrichment analysis showed 55 compounds and 113 corresponding targets in the compound-target network, and the key targets involved PTGS1, ESR2, GSK3ß, NCOA2, ESR1. The PPI core network contained 30 proteins, including VEGFA, IL6, ESR1, RELA and HIF1A. A total of 148 GO items were obtained (p<0.05), 102 entries on biological process (BP), 34 entries on biological process (BP) and 12 entries on cell composition (CC) were included. A total of 46 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment screening (p<0.05), involving cancer, PI3K-AKT, hepatitis, proteoglycans, p53, HIF-1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: These results collectively indicate YOL (including the main ingredients luteolin and baicalein) as a highly effective therapeutic agent for anti-inflammation, through the NF-kB pathway.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Faringitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Bases de Datos Factuales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/farmacología , Luteolina/aislamiento & purificación , Luteolina/farmacología , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Farmacología en Red , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
The sensitivity (Sen) of classic biomarkers for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is currently low. Previous studies have shown the diagnostic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) for TGCTs; however, the results of these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate their diagnostic value. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until September 30, 2020 and 18 trials from 11 studies involving 2,068 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Using a bivariate mixed-effects meta-analysis model, the pooled Sen, specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval values of total miRNAs were 0.83 (0.73-0.90), 0.95 (0.89-0.98), 15.79 (7.41-33.66), 0.18 (0.11-0.29), 87.13 (41.99-180.82), and 0.95 (0.93-0.97), respectively; however, the observed values of single miR-371a-3p were 0.84 (0.76-0.90), 0.95 (0.91-0.98), 18.41 (9.69-34.97), 0.17 (0.11-0.26), 111.56 (47.72-260.80), and 0.97 (0.95-0.98), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that miRNAs that included miR-371a-3p showed higher predictive performance than those that did not (P < 0.05). This research identified that miR-371a-3p has a high diagnostic value for TGCTs, except teratoma.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Área Bajo la Curva , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/genética , Oportunidad Relativa , Neoplasias Testiculares/genéticaRESUMEN
AIM: To examine past Florence Nightingale Medal recipients' parallels with the evolving nature of the nursing field as a whole. DESIGN: Descriptive research. METHOD: The professional and demographic characteristics of 1,449 Florence Nightingale Medal recipients between 1920 and 2015 were analyzed to develop a high-level overview of the award recipient characteristics. RESULT: Medal recipients were primarily female (98.07%), with 36% being Specialist nurses. Awards were mainly conferred for aid work (30.4%) in the context of war or armed conflict followed by Nursing education (17.2%) and disaster aid (14.9%). The majority of recipients were affiliated with the Red Cross and the majority of recipients were those conducting Red Cross duties. CONCLUSION: Our results offer statistical validation for the dedication of these exceptional individuals, while also highlighting overall parallels with the ongoing development of the nursing field as it expands to better deliver culturally-sensitive care and to overcome outdated stereotypes that would otherwise constrain innovation.