Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale and psychometric properties among undergraduate students.

The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.

Conductas sexuales protectoras en estudiantes universitarios de primer año de una universidad de Chillán, Chile / Protective Sexual Behaviors in First-Year University Students at a University in Chillán, Chile

Objetivo: Determinar las conductas sexuales protectoras en estudiantes de una universidad de Chillán, Chile. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo con un muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia de 234 estudiantes universitarios, para los criterios de inclusión destaca haber iniciado actividad sexual. La recolección de datos fue a través de Google forms. El instrumento utilizado fue "Cuestionario de conducta sexual segura". Resultados: Del total de los alumnos encuestados el 64,1 % son mujeres. En cuanto al estado civil, el 93,5 % se identifica soltero. Solo el 47,4 % detiene la actividad sexual para utilizar condón. El 80,8 % evita relaciones sexuales en la primera cita, un 81,6 % nunca tienen relaciones anales sin condón, y el 99,6 % nunca ha tenido sexo con personas que utilizan drogas. Se encontró que la media para conducta sexual protectora es de 70,2 %. Conclusión: Los encuestados presentan conductas sexuales protectoras(AU)

Objective: To determine protective sexual behaviors in students at a university in Chillán, Chile. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive study with a probability sampling by convenience of 234 university students, for the inclusion criteria it stands out to have initiated sexual activity. Data collection was through Google form. The instrument used was the "Safe sexual behavior questionnaire". Results: Of the total students surveyed, 64.1% are women. Regarding marital status, 93.5% identify themselves as single. Only 47.4% stop sexual activity to use a condom. 80.8% avoid sexual relations on the first date, 81.6% never have anal relations without a condom, and 99.6% have never had sex with people who use drugs. It was found that the mean for protective sexual behavior is 70.2 %. Conclusion: The respondents present protective sexual behaviors(AU)

Condom Failure Among HIV-Negative Men in Serodiscordant Relationships in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand.

Condoms continue to be used by many gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However this is impacted by condom failure events, defined here as condom breakage and slippage. In a prospective, observational cohort study of 343 HIV serodiscordant male couples recruited through high HIV caseload clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016 in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand, condom failure rates and associated factors were analysed, including with the study partner versus other sexual partners. There were 717 reported instances of condom failure from an estimated total of 25,831 sex acts with condoms, from over 588.4 participant years of follow up. Of the HIV-negative partners (n = 343) in the study, more than a third (n = 117, 36.7%) reported at least one instance of condom failure with any partner type during study follow-up. Condom failure with their study partner was reported by 91/343 (26.5%) HIV-negative partners, compared with 43/343 (12.5%) who reported condom failure with other partners. In total, there were 86 events where the HIV-negative partner experienced ano-receptive condom failure with ejaculation, representing 12.0% of all failure events. In multivariable analysis, compared to Australia, HIV-negative men in Brazil reported a higher incidence risk rate of condom failure (IRR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.01-2.68, p = 0.046) and HIV-negative men who reported anal sex with other partners reported an increased risk of condom failure compared with men who only had sex with their study partner (IRR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.08-3.33, p = 0.025). Although at least one event of condom failure was reported by a significant proportion of participants, overall condom failure events represented a small proportion of the total condom protected sex acts.

Behind Prep Decisions: Understanding User Patterns and Discontinuation Factors in Real-World.

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological aspects of PrEP use and barriers to accessing this prophylaxis. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and April 2022, encompassing 140 PrEP users treated at the Testing and Counseling Center (CTA) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with PrEP discontinuation were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Most PrEP users were cisgender men (92.00%), predominantly white (51.00%), over 30 years of age (56.50%), homosexual-oriented (76.50%), and had a minimum of 12 years of education (77.50%). Approximately 60.00% admitted to inconsistent condom use in recent sexual encounters, primarily involving anal intercourse. Approximately 88.00% perceived themselves as at risk of contracting STIs in the upcoming year. Regarding new presentation forms, 54.00% indicated a willingness to use "on-demand PrEP," and 92.00% expressed interest in using "injectable PrEP." After 6 months of follow-up, 43.60% (95.00% CI: 35.50-52.00) discontinued PrEP use, primarily due to changes in sexual behavior (38.30%) and difficulties accessing healthcare services (21.28%). This study underscores the need to involve diverse key populations and highlights the significance of PrEP as an ongoing monitoring strategy for HIV/STI prevention in addition to the importance of incorporating new formulations such as daily oral PrEP into the Brazilian National Health System (SUS).

Risk-stratified analysis of sex risk behaviors and correlates among school-going adolescents in Argentina: insights from a national survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to address a critical gap in understanding adolescent sexual health risks in Argentina, a country that has undergone substantial socio-economic changes that made significant strides in education and healthcare. METHODS: A secondary data analysis of the 2018 Argentina Global School-based Student Health Survey was performed. In this study, 23,262 sexually active adolescents were categorized into four risk groups based on the predicted granular risk: number of sexual partners and condom use in their last sexual encounter. RESULTS: Males and older adolescents were more prone to high-risk sexual behaviors. Additionally, key psychosocial factors such as loneliness, anxiety, experiences of violence, and school absenteeism were significantly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. Early alcohol use and recent experiences of hunger were also identified as strong predictors of heightened sexual risk behaviors. Conversely, positive parental engagement and awareness exhibited protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the necessity for policy interventions that focus on mental health support, parental involvement, and awareness of adolescent issues and activities.

Jovens universitários e a vulnerabilidade masculina às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis / Young college students and male vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections / Jóvenes estudiantes universitarios y vulnerabilidad masculina a las infecciones de transmisión sexual

Objetivo: analisar os comportamentos sexuais e as práticas de prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino. Métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, realizado em uma universidade privada, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foi selecionada uma amostra intencional de 126 estudantes, da área de ciências humanas, na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos. Foram atendidos todos os aspectos éticos e legais em pesquisa. Resultados: Estudantes na faixa etária entre 18-21 anos representaram 76,19% dos participantes; a maioria teve a primeira relação sexual entre 12-16 anos (71,68%) e possuíam parceiros sexuais - fixos (75,24%) e casuais (73,33%). Usaram preservativos: na sexarca 66,37% e com parceiros casuais 63,64%; não o utilizavam em todas as relações sexuais 61,06% dos participantes. Conclusão: as vulnerabilidades apontam a necessidade de estímulos à adoção de práticas profissionais voltadas à educação em saúde do homem sobre as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis. (AU)

Objective: analyze the sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections prevention practices of male university students. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An intentional sample of 126 students in the humanities, aged 18 to 29 years, was selected. All ethical and legal aspects of research were met. Results: Students aged between 18-21 years represented 76.19% of participants; most had their first sexual intercourse between 12-16 years old (71.68%) and had sexual partners - steady (75.24%) and casual (73.33%). Condoms were used: 66.37% at sexarche and 63.64% with casual partners; 61.06% of the participants did not use it in all sexual relations. Conclusion: the vulnerabilities point to the need to encourage the adoption of professional practices aimed at men's health education on Sexually Transmitted Diseases. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar los comportamientos sexuales y las prácticas de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual de estudiantes universitarios varones. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en una universidad privada de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional de 126 estudiantes de humanidades, de 18 a 29 años. Se cumplieron todos los aspectos éticos y legales de la investigación. Resultados: Los estudiantes de 18 a 21 años representaron el 76,19% de los participantes; la mayoría tuvo su primera relación sexual entre los 12-16 años (71,68%) y tuvo parejas sexuales, estables (75,24%) y casuales (73,33%). Se utilizaron condones: 66,37% en sexarche y 63,64% con parejas casuales; El 61,06% de los participantes no lo utilizó en todas las relaciones sexuales. Conclusión: las vulnerabilidades apuntan a la necesidad de incentivar la adopción de prácticas profesionales orientadas a la educación para la salud de los hombres en Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. (AU)

Zika virus prevention behaviors and knowledge among male partners of pregnant people and lack of condom use as a prevention behavior from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause brain and eye abnormalities and neurodevelopmental sequelae. In the absence of medical countermeasures, behavioral interventions were recommended to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission of ZIKV. This report uses data from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study in Colombia to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to ZIKV prevention in male partners compared to those of their pregnant partners at study enrollment during February 2017-2018. RESULTS: Most male partners reported wearing protective clothing such as long pants (97.6%) and long sleeves (72.8%), as well as covering ankles and feet (89.1%) to prevent ZIKV infection. When comparing the preventive behavior of condom use between male and pregnant partners, 26 pairs (10.0%) both responded that they performed the behavior. Overall, 25.1% of male partners and 18.9% of pregnant people reported any condom use during the three months before enrolling in ZEN. When comparing other preventive behaviors between male and pregnant partners, the behavior which was most frequently reported by both partners was wearing long pants (85.4%), and the least frequently reported by both partners was using condoms after finding out about a partner's pregnancy (3.4%).

Sexual behavior of university students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sexual behaviors of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Mixed study, carried out on four campuses of a public university in Paraíba, Brazil, between March 2021 and April 2022. The research followed ethical precepts. RESULTS: 404 university students were included, with an average age of 23.7 years, predominantly female, brown and single. The prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections was 7.9%. Male students were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Multiple logistic regression indicated that university students aged 25 or over who had engaged in casual sex in the last 12 months and had received or paid for sex were more likely to have sexually transmitted infections. The content analysis showed that social isolation was reflected in reduced consumption of alcohol and other substances, reduced sexual practices, increased use of social networks, as well as low adherence to condoms. CONCLUSION: Physical distancing has an impact on the sexual behavior of university students, as well as on the consumption of alcohol and other substances.

Contraceptive switch and abandonment among women using the pill, condoms and injectables in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the covariates of contraceptive switching and abandonment among Brazilian women stratified by oral pills, condoms and injectables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women attending primary health care services in three Brazilian mid- to large-sized cities were interviewed face-to-face about their contraceptive practices (n = 2,051). Data were collected using a contraceptive calendar. Analysis included estimates using Kaplan-Meier multiple-decrement life-table probabilities and discrete-time hazards modelling of switching from a method to another or to no method. RESULTS: Among 3,280 segments of contraceptive use, we observed that five-year contraceptive switching rates ranged from 34.9% among injectable users to 56.1% among pill users. Of particular concern were the high discontinuation rates of abandonment, which ranged from 50.9% among injectable users to 77.4% among pill users. Covariates of method switching and abandonment varied by type of method, but age, race/ethnicity, religion and relationship status must be highlighted as key elements of discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Contraceptive method switching and abandoning are frequent outcomes of contraceptive use. Understanding the factors that shape women's decisions to continue or discontinue the use of a contraceptive method can help tailoring comprehensive contraceptive counselling that meet their expectations and reproductive needs when starting using a method.

Contraceptive discontinuation among women in need of contraception may difficult the achievement of their fertility desires, which can lead to unintended pregnancies.

Aids e prevenção do HIV entre adolescentes e jovens em seis municípios brasileiros / AIDS and HIV prevention among adolescents and young adults in six Brazilian municipalities

Resumo A ausência de um debate mais amplo sobre prevenção do HIV e o recrudescimento do conservadorismo, nos últimos anos, podem ter impactado nas concepções e nas práticas dos jovens em relação ao HIV/aids. Entrevistas semiestruturadas conduzidas com 194 jovens, de 16 a 24 anos, em quatro capitais e duas cidades do interior do Brasil, revelaram que, para eles, a aids é percebida como uma "doença que não tem cara", sendo impossível identificar quem tem HIV. As concepções sobre o HIV oscilam entre o medo e a percepção de que é tratável. O risco foi percebido como algo abstrato, que não é central nas preocupações cotidianas, cujo foco é evitar uma gravidez. O uso do preservativo é visto como uma estratégia temporária de prevenção, rapidamente substituído pela confiança na parceria sexual. As tecnologias de informação disponíveis parecem não ter sido capazes de fazer frente ao aumento do conservadorismo e à carência de políticas de prevenção do HIV entre os jovens. Essas políticas devem passar pela melhora na provisão de informações de qualidade, adaptadas aos interesses dos jovens, pela ampliação da oferta dos diferentes insumos de prevenção, e também devem trazer as IST e o HIV de volta para a arena de discussões.

Abstract The lack of a broader debate on HIV prevention and the resurgence of conservatism in recent years may have influenced the perceptions and practices of young people regarding HIV/AIDS. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 194 young individuals, aged 16 to 24, in four state capitals and two small municipalities in Brazil, revealed that they perceive AIDS as a "faceless disease," making it impossible to identify who has HIV. Conceptions about HIV oscillate between fear and the perception that it is treatable. The risk was perceived as abstract, something that is not central to daily concerns, with the primary focus being in preventing pregnancy. Condom use is seen as a temporary prevention strategy, quickly replaced by trust in the sexual partnership. Available information technology appears unable to address the rise in conservatism and the lack of HIV prevention policies among young people. These policies should improve the provision of quality information tailored to the interest of young people, expand the availability of various prevention resources, and bring STIs and HIV back into the discussion arena.

Social representation of young people in higher education about sexually transmitted infections.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the social representations about sexually transmitted infections elaborated by undergraduate students. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study, in the light of the structural approach of Social Representation Theory, carried out with 160 young undergraduate students, in the second half of 2019, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, knowledge and practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, analyzed using descriptive statistics and a form of free evocations with the inducing term STD, analyzed using prototypical and similarity analysis. RESULTS: the representation's possible central nucleus is composed of lexicons aids, disease and HIV; the peripheral system by syphilis, sex, condoms, gonorrhea, prevention, infection, carelessness, HPV, herpes, ignorance, treatment, fear, unprotected-sex and danger. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: social thinking about sexually transmitted infections is characterized by their recognition as diseases, which require barrier prevention measures, associating with unsafe sexual practices that arouse fear.

Sexual behavior according to undergraduate students: perspective of cross-cultural nursing and intersectional framing.

OBJECTIVE: to discuss undergraduate students' sexual behavior from the perspective of social markers and cross-cultural care proposed by Madeleine Leininger. METHODS: descriptive-exploratory qualitative research, with a theoretical-philosophical foundation in the Transcultural Theory. Convenience sample was composed of 57 young people from two universities in Rio de Janeiro. The focus groups' content were analyzed lexically using the IRAMUTEQ software. RESULTS: four classes emerged: Young people's sexual scripts: between the fear of an unplanned pregnancy and the risk of exposure to sexually transmitted infections; Affective relationships: trust in steady sexual partners, apparent sense of security and disuse of condoms; Sexual practices, gender and cultural determinants: distinction in men's and women's role; Sexual partnerships, negotiation of condom use and vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: challenges are perceived for the attention to undergraduate students' sexual health, who verbalized risky sexual behaviors due to sociocultural vulnerabilities.

Consumo de mídias sexuais explícitas e práticas de risco ao HIV/Aids no nordestebrasileiro / Sexually explicit media consumption and HIV/AIDS risk practices in northeastern Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar a influência do consumo de Mídias Sexuais Explícitas nas práticas de risco ao HIV/Aids em residentes da região nordeste do país. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, transversal, incluindo 349 residentes da região nordeste com idade a partir de 18anos. Os dados foram coletados de forma online, no período de julho a dezembro de 2021, utilizando-se questionário adaptado. A variável desfecho foi o uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais (sim/não). Realizou-se a Regressão de Logística Múltipla Hierárquica com razão de chance ajustada, para explicar o efeito das variáveis preditoras sobre a variável dependente. Resultados: Ter renda maior que um salário-mínimo e estar solteiro aumentam as chances de uso do preservativo, enquanto estar namorando, casado ou unido, coito interrompido, sexo sem penetração, conhecimento do status sorológico e das parcerias, uso de Profilaxia Pré-Exposição, dificuldades e impossibilidades de acesso ao preservativo na pandemia foram fatores de proteção contra o uso. Conclusão: O consumo de mídias sexuais explícitas não influenciou o não uso de preservativo. Entretanto, observaram-se práticas utilizadas como preventivas ao HIV/Aids, que desconsideram a prevenção combinada implicando na necessidade de implementação de estratégias de educação sexual com vistas à prevenção do HIV/Aids e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Descritores: Mídia Audiovisual; Comportamento Sexual; Preservativos; HIV.

Objective:To analyze the influence of Sexually Explicit Media consumption on HIV/AIDS risk practices in residents of the Northeast region of the country. Methods:This is an analytical and cross-sectional study, including 349 residents of the Northeast region aged at least 18 years old. The data were collected online from July to December 2021 using an adapted questionnaire. The outcome variable was condom use during sexual intercourse(yes/no). Hierarchical Multiple Logistic Regression with adjusted odds ratio was performed to explain the effect of the predictive variables on the dependent variable.Results:Earning incomes above one minimum wage and being single increase the chances of condom use, whereas being in a relationship, married or with a partner, the withdrawal method, sex without penetration, knowledge about one's own serological status and the partners', use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, and difficulties and impossibility accessing condoms during the pandemic were protective factors against their use. Conclusion: Sexually explicit media consumption did not influence non-use of condoms. However, practices used to prevent HIV/AIDS were observed, which disregard combined prevention, implying the need to implement sexual education strategies with a view to preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Descriptors: Video-Audio Media; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; HIV.

Uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino en hombres VIH negativos que tienen sexo con hombres / Inconsistent use of male condoms among HIV-negative men who have sex with other men / Uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino entre homens HIV negativos que fazem sexo com homens

Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados con el uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino en hombres VIH negativos que tienen sexo con hombres. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, nacional realizado de forma online en todas las regiones de Brasil, en 2020, a través de redes sociales y sitios de citas. El uso inconsistente del preservativo se definió como el uso ocasional o no usarlo nunca. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, pruebas de asociación y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 1222 (85%) de los 1438 participantes informaron uso inconsistente del preservativo. Las variables "homosexuales" (ORA: 2,03; IC 95%: 1,14-3,59; p = 0,016), "tener pareja estable" (ORA: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,55-3,09; p<0,001), "sexo oral" (ORA: 2,41; IC 95%: 1,31-4,43; p = 0,005), "anal insertivo" (ORA: 1,98; IC 95%: 1,10-3,58; p = 0,023) y "diagnóstico de ITS" (ORA: 1,59; IC 95%: 1,13-2,24; p = 0,007) se asociaron de forma independiente con el uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino. Las variables "recibió consejo de un amigo sobre la prueba del VIH" (ORA: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,96; p = 0,028) y "trabajador sexual" (ORA: 0,26; IC 95%: 0,11-0,60; p = 0,002) fueron factores protectores. Conclusión: las variables estudiadas indicaron que hay una fuerte relación entre las parejas estables y el aumento de la confianza y la baja adherencia al uso del preservativo, lo que coincide con otros estudios.

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with inconsistent use of male condoms among HIV-negative men who have sex with other men. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical and nationwide study conducted online in all the Brazilian regions in 2020, via networks and in dating websites. Inconsistent condom use was defined as occasional use or as never using it. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, as well as association and binary logistic regression tests. Results: inconsistent condom use was reported by 1,222 (85%) of all 1,438 participants. The "homosexuals" (ORAdj: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.14-3.59; p=0.016), "having a fixed partner" (ORAdj: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.55-3.09; p<0.001), "oral sex" (ORAdj: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.31-4.43; p=0.005), "insertive anal" (ORAdj: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.10-3.58; p=0.023) and "STI diagnosis" (ORAdj: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13-2.24; p=0.007) variables were independently associated with inconsistent use of male condoms. The "receiving advice on HIV test from a friend" (ORAdj: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52-0.96; p=0.028) and "sex worker" (ORAdj: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11-0.60; p=0.002) variables were protective factors. Conclusion: the variables under study pointed to a strong relationship between steady partners and increased trust and low adherence to condom use, corroborating other studies.

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino entre homens HIV negativos que fazem sexo com homens. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, de abrangência nacional realizado on-line em todas as regiões do Brasil, em 2020, por meio de redes sociais e em sites de relacionamento. O uso inconsistente do preservativo foi definido como uso ocasional ou nunca ter usado. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testes de associação e regressão logística binária. Resultados: o uso inconsistente do preservativo foi relatado por 1222 (85%) dos 1438 participantes. As variáveis "homossexuais" (ORA: 2,03; IC 95%: 1,14- 3,59; p = 0,016), "ter parceiro fixo" (ORA: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,55-3,09; p<0,001), "sexo oral" (ORA: 2,41; IC 95%: 1,31-4,43; p = 0,005), "anal insertivo" (ORA: 1,98; IC 95%: 1,10-3,58; p = 0,023) e "diagnóstico de IST" (ORA: 1,59; IC 95%: 1,13-2,24; p = 0,007) foram independentemente associadas ao uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino. As variáveis "recebeu aconselhamento de amigo sobre teste de HIV" (ORA: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,96; p = 0,028) e "profissional do sexo" (ORA: 0,26; IC 95%: 0,11-0,60; p = 0,002) foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: as variáveis estudadas apontaram uma forte relação das parcerias fixas com o aumento da confiança e uma baixa adesão ao uso do preservativo, o que corrobora com outros estudos.

Condom use and drug consumption in migrants: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify condom use and drug consumption in migrants, as well as the association between these variables. METHOD: A systematic search was carried out for articles published in Spanish and English (2017-2022), in PubMed, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, with eligible studies reporting on condom use and drug consumption, and their association. RESULTS: The search strategy found 147 articles with the combination of terms and other sources. After excluding articles by title, abstract, and finding that they had the study variables, eight articles were included for qualitative analysis and only three met the criteria for quantitative analysis. CONCLUSION: Drug consumption favors inconsistent condom use, increasing the risk of acquiring an STI, and can lead to other mental health issues derived from the use of these substances.

Adesão ao preservativo masculino: realidade comportamental e conhecimento de universitários / Adherence to the male condom: behavioral reality and knowledge of university students

Homens e mulheres saberem a função do preservativo na prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e gravidez, várias situações dificultam o seu uso, entre elas, a ideia de que o preservativo interfere no prazer. OBJETIVO: Descrever o conhecimento e comportamentos de universitários sobre a adesão ao preservativo masculino. METODO-LOGIA: Estudo exploratório descritivo, quantitativo, com 136 estudantes de uma Universidade Pública. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 20 anos, maior parte são heterossexuais (76,5%); a maioria teve a primeira relação sexual aos 17 anos, sendo que 33,5% não usaram camisinha, 85% utilizam camisinha para evitar gravidez, 92,5% para prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, 48,5% deixaram de ter relação sexual com penetração por não ter preservativo; 84% não utilizaram por não conseguir colocar e 54% tinham camisinha e não utilizou. CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou a necessidade de repensar a educação sexual para instrumentalizar quanto a percepção, comportamento e adesão ao preservativo.(AU)

Men and women recognize condoms' role in preventing both Sexually Transmitted Infec-tions and pregnancy. However, various obstacles, such as concerns about reduced pleasure, impede their use. OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge and behaviors of university students regarding adherence to male condoms. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive, quantitative exploratory study involving 136 students from a public university. RESULTS: The average age was 20 years, with most identifying as heterosexual (76.5%). A significant portion (33.5%) did not use condoms. Furthermore, 85% used con-doms for pregnancy prevention, 92.5% for Sexually Transmitted Infections prevention, while 48.5% ceased sexual activity due to a lack of condoms. Additionally, 84% faced challenges with putting on condoms, and 54% possessed unused condoms. CONCLU-SION: These findings highlight the necessity to reevaluate sex education, providing indi-viduals with the tools to comprehend, modify their behavior, and enhance adherence to condom usage.(AU)

Hombres y mujeres conocen el papel del condón en la prevención de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y el embarazo, varias situaciones dificultan su uso, entre ellas la idea de que el condón interfiere con el placer. OBJETIVO: Describir los conocimientos y comportamientos de estudiantes universitarios respecto de la adherencia al condón masculino. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, exploratorio con 136 estudiantes de una Universidad Pública. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 20 años, la mayoría son heterosexuales (76,5%); la mayoría tuvo su primera relación sexual a los 17 años, el 33.5% no utilizó condón, el 85% utilizó condón para evitar el embarazo, el 92.5% para prevenir Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, el 48.5% dejó de tener relaciones sexuales con penetración debido a no tener condón; El 84% no lo usó porque no pudo colocarlo y el 54% tenía condón pero no lo usó. CONCLUSIÓN: Se destacó la necesidad de repensar la educación sexual para brindar herramientas sobre percepción, comportamiento y adherencia al uso del condón.(AU)

Uso de condón en jóvenes chilenos: El rol de los determinantes sociales, roles de género y salud mental / Condom use among young Chileans: The role of social determinants, gender roles and mental health

ANTECEDENTES: Pese a las diversas estrategias implementadas en materia de educación sexual y prevención de ITS, las cifras de la Décima Encuesta Nacional de Juventud revelan que poco más de la mitad de los jóvenes utilizaron condón en su última relación sexual. Se han descrito diversos predictores sociodemográficos, culturales y psicológicos, pero no se observan estudios recientes en Chile que los aborden. Objetivo: Examinar la relación de determinantes sociales, roles de género y sintomatología de salud mental con el uso de condón en jóvenes chilenos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos secundarios emanados de la Décima Encuesta Nacional de Juventud. La muestra analítica estuvo compuesta por 5.507 jóvenes que habían iniciado su vida sexual. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística binomial múltiple a través de estimaciones de datos basadas en encuestas. RESULTADOS: Los jóvenes de mayor edad, las mujeres, las personas que se identifican con alguna etnia, quienes están en una relación de pareja y aquellos diagnosticados con alguna ITS tienen menos probabilidad de usar condón en su última relación sexual. CONCLUSIÓN: Las características individuales contribuyen a explicar la adherencia a conductas preventivas, pudiendo reflejar dinámicas subyacentes con factores psicológicos y culturales que deben ser analizados. Identificar los factores socio estructurales, culturales y psicológicos asociados a las conductas sexuales preventivas y de protección debería transformarse en una prioridad sanitaria, ya que permite diseñar e impulsar campañas de comunicación social más efectivas.

BACKGROUND: Despite various strategies implemented to promote sexual education and prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the 10th National Youth Survey revealed that slightly more than half of young people in Chile used a condom during their last sexual encounter. While several sociodemographic, cultural, and psychological predictors have been described, recent studies specific to Chile are scarce. AIM: To examine the relationship between social determinants, gender roles, and mental health symptoms with condom use in young Chileans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from the 10th National Youth Survey were analyzed. The analytical sample comprised 5,507 young people who had started their sexual life. Multiple binomial logistic regression models were run using survey-based data estimates. RESULTS: Older youth, women, people who identify with any ethnicity, those in a dating relationship, and those diagnosed with an STI are less likely to use a condom at last intercourse. CONCLUSION: Individual characteristics can explain adherence to preventive behaviors and may reflect underlying psychological and cultural factors. Identifying socio-structural, cultural, and psychological factors associated with preventive and protective sexual behaviors should be a health priority, as it enables the design and promotion of more effective social communication campaigns.

Amplified HIV Transmission Risk Among People Living With HIV in Southeast Brazil.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the factors associated with amplified HIV transmission risk among people living with HIV from a city in southeast Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 397 people living with HIV recruited in infectious diseases clinics. Data on risk of HIV transmission, sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, professional counseling, serological HIV status, HIV-related clinical data, and beliefs about risk of HIV transmission were collected through interviews and medical records. Hierarchical ordered multinomial regression analyses were performed. Amplified HIV risk transmission was associated with lower age, alcohol consumption before having sex, illicit drug use before sexual intercourse, and not receiving professional counseling about HIV transmission. The belief that HIV can be transmitted to a partner not living with HIV was associated with lower likelihood of amplified risk for HIV transmission. Our findings suggest the importance of minimizing substance use before having sex, professional counseling, and beliefs about HIV transmission on amplified HIV risk transmission.

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18-64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019.

BACKGROUND: Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS: Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS-2019), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics among individuals aged 18-64 years, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Specifically, the PNS-2019 prevalence estimates of homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual males and females were compared with those from the PCAP-2013. To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott's correction, was applied. RESULTS: Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed higher homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1-4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9-2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0-5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8-2.4), respectively. Results from both surveys showed MSM and WSW prevalence estimates increase with educational level, decrease with age, and is larger among people who do not live with partner, live in urban areas and in state capitals. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18-24 and 25-34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation of MSM and WSW prevalence by self-declared sexual orientation suggests that sexual minorities face many difficulties related to disclosing their sexuality and reinforces the importance of developing public health interventions for changing population attitudes and promoting sexual orientation disclosure. Moreover, the low use of condoms in both surveys (PCAP-2013 and PNS-2019) carried out 6 years apart highlights the need of public policies to expand prevention strategies for HIV infection and other STIs.

The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION: There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.