[New disputes and interventions in the female body: divisions between gynecology and plastic surgery]. / Novas disputas e intervenções no corpo feminino: fronteiras entre ginecologia e cirurgia plástica.

This article analyzes the tensions and disputes between the fields of gynecology and esthetic plastic surgery, the specialties which are authorized to perform aesthetic female genital surgeries in Brazil. Documentary materials are used, including scientific articles from the 1990s onward and institutional websites. While gynecologists have remained more cautious, recommending the surgery only for functional reasons, plastic surgeons have been more influential in publicizing these procedures and emphasizing the aesthetic dimension. Beyond professional disputes, we debate whether this phenomenon needs to be understood in light of the growing emphasis on self-improvement via biomedical resources and gender imperatives.

Este artigo analisa tensões e disputas entre o campo da ginecologia e da cirurgia plástica estética, especialidades autorizadas a realizar a cirurgia estética genital feminina no Brasil. Utiliza material documental, incluindo artigos científicos desde a década de 1990, e sites institucionais. Enquanto ginecologistas têm se mantido mais cautelosos com a prática, defendendo sua realização apenas quando há indicações funcionais, cirurgiões/ãs plásticos/as têm sido mais influentes na disseminação do procedimento, privilegiando a dimensão estética. Argumenta-se que, para além de disputas entre campos profissionais, esse fenômeno precisa ser entendido à luz da crescente ênfase no aprimoramento de si, via recursos biomédicos, e dos imperativos de gênero.

[Ethics in the use of psychedelics: The definition of illicit drugs from the perspective of critical bioethics]. / Ética en el uso de psicodélicos: la definición de las drogas ilícitas bajo la óptica de la bioética crítica.

This essay, situated in the field of bioethics, examines the prohibition of psychedelic use, exploring arguments surrounding the growing evidence of their therapeutic potential and their millennia-long history of cultural and spiritual uses. It initially discusses the historical context of psychedelics and the various terms used to describe them. The essay problematizes the definition of "drugs," highlighting the lack of objective criteria for distinguishing between legal and illicit substances. Drawing on concepts and theoretical frameworks of critical bioethics, it analyzes how the prohibitionist moral discourse is sustained more by political and economic interests than by scientific justifications, leading to stigmatization and vulnerability. The essay advocates for the end of the prohibition of psychedelics based on ethical arguments, emphasizing their importance in reducing individual and collective suffering. The work contributes to a deeper reflection on this socially controversial topic, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge.

Este ensayo, ubicado en el campo de la bioética, analiza la prohibición del uso de psicodélicos, explorando argumentos sobre las crecientes evidencias de potenciales terapéuticos y su historia milenaria de usos culturales y espirituales. Discute inicialmente el contexto histórico de los psicodélicos y diferentes términos utilizados para nombrarlos. Problematiza la definición de "drogas", indicando falta de criterios objetivos para distinción entre lícitas e ilícitas. Bajo conceptos y referenciales teóricos de la bioética crítica, se analiza cómo el discurso moral prohibicionista se sostiene más por intereses políticos y económicos que por justificativas científicas, generando estigmatización y vulnerabilidad. Defiende el fin de la prohibición de los psicodélicos con base en argumentos éticos, resaltando su importancia para la reducción de sufrimientos individuales y colectivos. El trabajo contribuye a una reflexión profundizada sobre este tema socialmente controversial, articulando conocimientos interdisciplinarios.

Social movements and the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil (1979-2014): initial disputes and possible alternatives. / Os movimentos sociais e a gênese de propostas para a saúde da população LGBT na Bahia, Brasil (1979-2014): disputas iniciais e alternativas possíveis.

We conducted a socio-historical study covering the period 1979-2014 to explore the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil, drawing on Pinell's theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of public policy. To analyze the social space, we investigated the trajectories of the agents involved in policy formulation and the relations between these agents and the national social space and field of State power. The agents were predominantly from the scientific, human rights, sexual rights, feminism and AIDS fields, and had a high level of bureaucratic and militant capital, meaning they were well-versed in LGBT health issues. The historical conditions of possibility underlying the formulation of LGBT health policy included the formalization of the State Technical Committee on LGBT Health in 2014, in an effort to improve access to comprehensive health care for vulnerable groups; and the Bahia without Homophobia plan, which helped expand dialogue around with civil society and social movements and address the main criticisms of policy making.

Com o objetivo de descrever a gênese de propostas para a saúde da população de LGBT na Bahia, foi realizado um estudo sócio histórico entre 1979 e 2014. Adotou-se as proposições de Patrice Pinell para a análise sociológica de políticas públicas. A análise do espaço social compreendeu a identificação das trajetórias dos agentes envolvidos com as propostas no estado da Bahia e as relações entre esses agentes e o espaço social nacional, assim como, o campo do poder do Estado. Na Bahia, destacaram-se agentes com trajetórias vinculadas ao campo científico, dos direitos humanos, dos direitos sexuais, do feminismo e do espaço AIDS, com alto capital burocrático e militante, que propiciou aproximação às questões relacionadas a saúde LGBT local. As condições de possibilidade que permitiram a formulação de propostas políticas baseadas na integralidade e na universalidade da atenção à saúde foram a formalização do Comitê Técnico Estadual de Saúde Integral LGBT da Bahia, em 2014, onde buscou-se ampliar a Atenção Integral à Saúde voltada às populações de maior vulnerabilidade; e o Plano Bahia sem homofobia, que permitiu ampliar o diálogo com a sociedade civil e os movimentos sociais e abarcar as principais críticas para a formulação de propostas políticas.

Intersectorality in a conditional cash transfer programme: Actors, convergences and conflicts.

This study aimed to analyse intersectoral arrangements among the health, education and social assistance sectors in the operationalization of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). A qualitative approach was carried out, in a peripheral region of a large urban centre of Southeast Brazil. Data content analysis was performed on the basis of reference in the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) using statements by the actors and considering ideas in dispute and work processes in the geopolitical territorial context. Seventeen managers of Municipal Secretariats of Health, Education and Social Assistance were interviewed, as were basic education, primary health care and social assistance professionals. One-off, episodic and discontinuous intersectoral actions were identified, with limited integration among sectors. Convergences and conflicts were found with respect to the institutional processes of BFP. The convergences referred to the conceptions shared among the actors about the role of intersectoral collaboration, as they recognize themselves as providing care to the same vulnerable population. Considering the multiple vulnerabilities of these families, the convergence of actions from different sectors can impact factors that condition inequalities. The conflicts were related to institutional conditions, to sectorized work processes and to a lack of understanding by professionals about the duties of their respective sectors.

Disputes over provisioned resources are no more intense between groups than within groups in free-ranging Sapajus libidinosus.

Socioecological models predict that disputes between primate groups will be more intense than those within groups, given that the systematic loss of contests over a given resource will restrict the access of all of the members of that group to that resource. Higher levels of aggression are also expected for provisioned resources that have a more lucrative cost:benefit ratio. The levels of aggression in and between two free-ranging tufted capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) groups in the context of daily provisioning with bananas were evaluated. The aim of a complementary analysis was to identify possible predictors of the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource. The disputes were recorded using all-events sampling, while the social behaviour of the study groups was recorded by instantaneous scan sampling. The data were analysed using t-test, Mann-Whitney's U, and generalised linear modelling. Between-group disputes were no more intense than within-group events, and did not involve more individuals, or more adult females. The frequency of disputes increased as the number of individuals eating bananas increased. No evidence was found that disputes between groups were any more intense than those within groups. Dominance patterns may have affected these findings, by mediating intergroup disputes. An increase in the number of competitors affected the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource.

The relative age effect in under-17, under-20, and adult elite female soccer players.

To investigate the RAE in elite female soccer players, the absolute and relative birthdate distributions of players who disputed the Women's World Cup were assessed. Differences between observed and expected distributions were analyzed using chi-square and effect sizes. The birthdates of 1224 female soccer players were assessed in Under-17 (N = 336), Under-20 (N = 336) and adult (N = 552) categories. There was no significant RAE in adult category for different playing positions and players in general (including all playing positions per age category). There was significant RAE for midfielders and players in general with mainly small effect sizes for the U-17 and U-20. In both age categories, players born in Q1 were over-represented with the highest quartile ratio for midfielders. In regard of RAE and success defined by final ranking at the World Cup, we found no significant differences between the birthdate distributions of players who participated in either the group stages or finally the knockout phases. Coaches should consider this information to avoid bias in talent programs designed to promote and select female soccer players independently of their birthdates. Young female players should be encouraged to learn to play in different field positions before to reach high-level performance.

Professional Narratives about Older Adults and Health Services Responsive to Fall-Inducing Frailty.

The second external cause of death from unintentional injuries is falls in people over 60 and is a worldwide Public Health problem. Associated factors are identified early in Primary Health Care. Thus, we analyze professional narratives about older adults/old age and the organization of services in the presence of fall-inducing frailty. A structured narrative was applied under the following stages: understanding the context, setting/plot/character analysis, and interpretive synthesis. Data were collected from August to November 2022, distributing 21 health professionals in three Narrative Focus Groups. In the analyses, the collective conceptions dialogued with Bourdieu's Epistemology of field, habitus, and capital. Technical and common sense representations of older adults were simultaneously observed among the results, along with the belief of old age as a problematic life stage. Care is centered on the installed disease/ailment. Encouraging autonomy and self-care emerges in integrative health practices, which older adults underestimate. Professionals access the lives of older adults according to their habitus, which, in turn, is structured (structuring) in the disputes for installed capital. Thus, the care provided disregards subjectivities and symbolic systems associated with falls.

Radical Prostatectomy Technique Dispute: Analyzing Over 1.35 Million Surgeries in 20 Years of History.

Systematic reviews (SR) produce the best evidence comparing open (RRP), laparoscopic (LRP), and robotic (RARP) radical prostatectomy (RP). However, the hyperfiltration of evidence generates very specific scenarios that reduce the power of extrapolation. To compare RP evidence regarding demographics using a new methodology called reverse systematic review (RSR). Between 2000 and 2020, 8 databases were searched for SR studies on RRP, LRP, or RARP. All references were captured and analyzed over time in 80 SR. Total of 1724 reports (nr = 752, 43.7% for RARP; nr = 559, 32.4% for RRP; nr = 413, 23.9% for LRP) described 1,353,485 patients (881,719, 65.1% RRP; 366,006, 27.0% RARP; 105,760, 7.8% LRP). Patients/center/year was higher in RARP compared to LRP and RRP, median 50.0, 40.0, and 36.66, respectively, P < .001. Surgeons per study was lesser in RARP and LRP compared to RRP, median 2.0, 2.0, and 6.0, respectively, P < .001. Study duration and follow-up in years was shorter in RARP compared to LRP and RRP, median 2.6, 3.0, and 4.0, respectively, P < .001. Cumulative RARP reports predominate in North America (55.7%, nr = 468) and Asia (47.8%, nr =129), while LRP predominate in Europe (42.3%, nr =230) and RRP in Oceania (45.1%, nr = 23). After 2010 all continents began to accumulate more patients in the robotic approach. Potential biases related to shorter follow-up, greater volume centers, and surgeons were identified favoring the RARP. Analyzing the context of the available evidence is essential to compare techniques. Influenced by economic and scientific interests, robotic surgery was developed in centers with a higher volume of surgeries, characterizing potential biases when comparing techniques in the clinical shared decision.

[Regulatory aspects and measures of the Emergency Care Network: a game of disputes between the public and private interests]. / Dimensões e regimes da regulação na Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências: um jogo de disputas entre o interesse público e o privado.

The study analyzes regulatory aspects and measures as social production in the Emergency Care Network (RUE) of two health regions. This is a multiple case study of qualitative character, performed via 61 interviews with public administrators, users, and health services managers. The analysis had as theoretical reference the Theory of Social Production. We identified professional, lay, clientelistic, and governmental regulatory measures, in the systemic aspects, of the services and of access. The main results point to regulatory flows produced by movements of various social actors, with emphasis on the action of representatives of hospital service providers, especially private ones, characterizing the proposal of another regime: market regulation. We emphasize the limits and powers of arrangements, such as hospital and the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) regulation centers, the internal hospital regulation centers, and the use of WhatsApp. Health regulation in RUE consists of complex, contradictory, and conflicting social processes, whose flows are produced at the limit between the public and private interests.

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as dimensões e regimes da regulação enquanto produção social na Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências (RUE) em duas regiões de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos, de caráter qualitativo, realizado por meio de 61 entrevistas com gestores, usuários e gerentes de serviços de saúde. A análise teve como referencial teórico a Teoria da Produção Social. Foram identificados os regimes de regulação profissional, leiga, clientelista e governamental, nas dimensões sistêmica, dos serviços e de acesso. Os principais resultados apontam para fluxos de regulação produzidos por movimentos de diversos atores sociais, com destaque para a ação de representantes de prestadores de serviços hospitalares, sobretudo privados, caracterizando a proposta de um outro regime: a regulação mercantil. Os limites e potências de arranjos como as centrais de regulação hospitalares e do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU), os núcleos internos de regulação hospitalar e o uso do WhatsApp são evidenciados. A regulação em saúde na RUE é constituída por processos sociais complexos, contraditórios e conflitantes, cujos fluxos são produzidos no limite entre o interesse público e o privado.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las dimensiones y regímenes de regulación como producción social en la Red de Atención de Urgencias (RUE) en dos regiones de salud. Se trata de un estudio de casos múltiples, de naturaleza cualitativa, en que se realizó 61 entrevistas a gestores, usuarios y gerentes de servicios de salud. Para el análisis se utilizó la Teoría de la Producción Social. Se identificaron regímenes de regulación profesional, laica, clientelista y gubernamental en las dimensiones sistémica, de servicios y de acceso. Los principales resultados apuntan a flujos regulatorios producidos por movimientos de diversos actores sociales, con énfasis en la acción de los representantes de los prestadores de servicios hospitalarios, especialmente privados, lo que caracteriza una propuesta de otro régimen, la de regulación mercantil. Se destacan los límites y posibilidades de arreglos como clave en la regulación hospitalaria y del Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU), los centros de regulación hospitalaria internos y el uso de WhatsApp. La regulación sanitaria en las RUE se compone de procesos sociales complejos, contradictorios y conflictivos, cuyos flujos se producen en la frontera entre el interés público y el privado.

Debates in psychoanalysis: A Latin American perspective.

While pluralism allows for the recognition of different psychoanalytic models, it still remains a challenge to build processes and arguments strong enough to resolve basic disagreements. The Three-Level Model constitutes a valuable tool to an open critical discussion among analysts of different theoretical orientations regarding a clinical material, by providing sources of evidence about patient transformations in an analytic process.

Better to be in agreement than in bad company : A critical analysis of many kappa-like tests.

We assessed several agreement coefficients applied in 2x2 contingency tables, which are commonly applied in research due to dichotomization. Here, we not only studied some specific estimators but also developed a general method for the study of any estimator candidate to be an agreement measurement. This method was developed in open-source R codes and it is available to the researchers. We tested this method by verifying the performance of several traditional estimators over all possible configurations with sizes ranging from 1 to 68 (total of 1,028,789 tables). Cohen's kappa showed handicapped behavior similar to Pearson's r, Yule's Q, and Yule's Y. Scott's pi, and Shankar and Bangdiwala's B seem to better assess situations of disagreement than agreement between raters. Krippendorff's alpha emulates, without any advantage, Scott's pi in cases with nominal variables and two raters. Dice's F1 and McNemar's chi-squared incompletely assess the information of the contingency table, showing the poorest performance among all. We concluded that Cohen's kappa is a measurement of association and McNemar's chi-squared assess neither association nor agreement; the only two authentic agreement estimators are Holley and Guilford's G and Gwet's AC1. The latter two estimators also showed the best performance over the range of table sizes and should be considered as the first choices for agreement measurement in contingency 2x2 tables. All procedures and data were implemented in R and are available to download from Harvard Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HMYTCK.

Poder, norma e ideário na lei da alienação parental / Power, norm and ideology in the law of parental alienation / Poder, norma e ideología en la ley de alienación parental

A recomendação ética do psicólogo para intervir criticamente sobre a demanda vai de encontro com a tarefa de diagnosticar atos de Alienação Parental e, num sentido amplo, com a judicialização das relações privadas. A genealogia de Foucault consiste num método capaz de lançar luz sobre as práticas de poder na base dos discursos relacionados ao tema da alienação parental. O eufemismo pedagógico empregado para designar as sanções da lei tem como finalidade estratégica o convencimento a respeito de supostos benefícios da tutela sobre as famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que lhes são atribuídas alguma patologia disfuncional. Numa perspectiva crítica, a assimetria de gêneros corresponde às relações de poder presentes no problema da alienação parental. Por fim, a inversão dos critérios de identificação da alienação parental revela o distanciamento entre o ideal normativo e a realidade da ruptura conjugal e familiar, apontando para a importância de práticas de cuidado e assistência em vez de judicativas e punitivas.(AU)

The psychologist's ethical recommendation to critically intervene on the demand goes against the task of diagnosing acts of Parental Alienation (AP) and, in a broad sense, with the judicialization of private relations. Foucault's genealogy consists of a method able to shed on the power practices on the basis of discourses related to the theme of Parental Alienation. The pedagogical euphemism used to designate the sanctions of the law has the strategic purpose of convincing about the supposed benefits of guardianship over families, while attributing some dysfunctional pathology to them. From a critical perspective, gender asymmetry corresponds to the power relations present in the Parental Alienation problem. Finally, the inversion of the Parental Alienation's identification criteria reveals the gap between the normative ideal and the reality of marital and family disruption, pointing to the importance of care and assistance practices instead of judicative and punitive ones.(AU)

La recomendación ética del psicólogo de intervenir críticamente sobre la demanda va en contra de la tarea de diagnosticar actos de Alienación Parental (AP) y, en un sentido amplio, con la judicialización de las relaciones privadas. La genealogía de Foucault consiste en un método capaz de arrojar luz sobre las prácticas del poder a partir de discursos relacionados con el tema de la Alienación Parental. El eufemismo pedagógico que se utiliza para designar las sanciones de la ley tiene el propósito estratégico de convencer sobre los supuestos beneficios de la tutela sobre las familias, atribuyéndoles alguna patología disfuncional. Desde una perspectiva crítica, la asimetría de género corresponde a las relaciones de poder presentes en el problema de la Alienación Parental. Finalmente, la inversión de los criterios de identificación de la Alienación Parental revela la brecha entre el ideal normativo y la realidad de la ruptura conyugal y familiar, señalando la importancia de las prácticas de cuidado y asistencia en lugar de las judicativas y punitivas.(AU)

Percepções de mulheres companheiras de homens presos acerca da conjugalidade / Perceptions on conjugality of female partners of imprisoned men / Percepciones de mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados acerca de la conyugalidad

Este estudo objetivou compreender a experiência de mulheres companheiras de homens privados de liberdade acerca da conjugalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que participaram 12 mulheres companheiras de homens presos. Como instrumentos, utilizou-se um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi analisada por meio da Análise Temática. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que as mulheres lançavam mão de diferentes estratégias para se manterem próximas de seus companheiros, engajando-se no tratamento penal deles, o que repercutiu em uma percepção de incremento da coesão conjugal. O compromisso assumido com seus relacionamentos mostrou-se relacionado, além do amor sentido pelos parceiros, a um desejo de manutenção do casamento e da família nuclear, além de evidenciar experiências de ciúme por parte dos homens. Dificuldades na comunicação, conflitos relacionados à insatisfação com o contexto prisional, além da falta de privacidade na intimidade e sexualidade do casal foram referidos pelas participantes.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the experience of conjugality of female partners of imprisoned men. Therefore, 12 female partners of imprisoned men participated in a qualitative study. The participants answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, which was analyzed via Thematic Analysis. The results showed that women used different strategies to stay close to their partners, engaging in their criminal treatment, which reflected in a perception of increased marital cohesion. The commitment to the relationship was related to the love felt towards the partners, the desire to maintain the marriage and the nuclear family, in addition to the experience of men's jealousy. Moreover, it was identified difficulties in communication, conflicts related to dissatisfaction with prison context, and lack of privacy related to couple's intimacy and sexuality.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de las mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados sobre la conyugalidad. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, en la cual participaron doce mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual se aplicó el análisis temático. Los resultados encontrados demostraron que las mujeres usaban diferentes estrategias para mantenerse cerca de sus parejas, comprometiéndose en el tratamiento delictivo de ellos, lo que repercutió en una percepción de mayor cohesión marital. El compromiso asumido con sus relaciones se mostró relacionado, además del amor a los cónyuges, a un deseo de mantenimiento del matrimonio y del núcleo familiar, y reveló experiencias de celos por parte de los hombres. Las dificultades en la comunicación, los conflictos relacionados a la insatisfacción con el contexto carcelario, y la ausencia de privacidad en la intimidad y sexualidad de la pareja fueron mencionadas por las participantes.(AU)

Resolução de conflitos familiares por adolescentes e defesa do domínio pessoal / Adolescents' family conflict resolution and defense of personal domain / Resolución de conflictos familiares por adolescentes y defensa del dominio personal

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)

Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)

Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)

(In)tolerância como política: os discursos de direita e de esquerda no facebook / (In)tolerance as policy: the rightist and leftist discourses on facebook / (In)tolerancia como política: los discursos de la derecha y la izquierda en facebook

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar traços da mentalidade potencialmente autoritária a partir do discurso de usuários do Facebook vinculados a páginas de cunho político autodeclarado de direita e de esquerda no Brasil. A Netnografia é utilizada como aporte metodológico para imersão on-line nas páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" e "Jovens de Esquerda", selecionadas por meio do Facebook Audience Insights, ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Facebook. Delas, foram extraídas oito postagens com maior engajamento (número de comentários, curtidas e compartilhamentos), identificadas pelo Netvizz. Foram coletados 3.489 comentários, os quais foram organizados em um corpus textual submetido ao software IRAMUTEQ e analisados sob a perspectiva da análise crítica imanente da teoria crítica. Como resultado, apresenta-se a forma como o pensamento autoritário se manifesta na racionalização da sociedade contemporânea e nas práticas discursivas em redes sociais on-line, enraizada no âmbito sociopolítico brasileiro, ameaçando o processo democrático e a construção de uma sociedade plural e liberta.(AU)

This study aims to analyze traits of the potentially authoritarian mentality from the speech of Facebook users linked to political pages self-declared as rightist and leftist in Brazil. Netnography is used as a methodological contribution for online immersion in the pages "Eu era Direita e não sabia" and "Jovens de Esquerda" selected via Facebook Audience Insights, a tool provided by Facebook. From these, eight posts with greater engagement (number of comments, likes and shares), identified by Netvizz, were extracted. We collected 3,489 comments, which were organized in a textual corpus submitted to IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the perspective of immanent critical analysis of Critical Theory. As a result, we present the way in which authoritarian thinking manifests itself in the rationalization of contemporary society and in discursive practices in online social networks, rooted in the Brazilian socio-political sphere, threatening the democratic process and the construction of a plural and free society.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las huellas de la mentalidad potencialmente autoritaria a partir de los discursos de usuarios en Facebook vinculados a páginas políticas autodeclaradas de derecha y de izquierda en Brasil. La netnografía se utiliza como marco metodológico para la inmersión en línea en las páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" y "Jovens de Esquerda", seleccionadas por Facebook Audience Insights, herramienta proporcionada por Facebook. Se extrajeron las ocho publicaciones con mayor compromiso (número de comentarios, gustos y compartidas), identificadas por Netvizz. Se recogieron 3.489 comentarios, los cuales fueron organizados en un corpus textual sometido al software IRAMUTEQ y analizado bajo la perspectiva del análisis crítico inmanente de la teoría crítica. Los resultados presentan la forma en que el pensamiento autoritario se manifiesta en la racionalización de la sociedad contemporánea y en prácticas discursivas en redes sociales en línea, arraigada en el ámbito sociopolítico brasileño, que amenazan el proceso democrático y la construcción de una sociedad plural y liberada.(AU)

Relatos, diálogos generativos y educación médica / Stories, Generative Dialogues and Medical Education

Introducción: La formación médica es un contexto con altos niveles de exigencia, que puede convertirse en fuente de estrés e influir en las relaciones interpersonales y el logro de metas. Objetivo: Comprender cómo se construyen en el diálogo dinámicas de afrontamiento ante las exigencias de un trabajo de investigación de estudiantes de medicina, que permitan desarrollar aprendizajes acerca del trabajo en equipo con eficiencia y productividad. Métodos: Estudio de caso con abordaje cualitativo. Resultados: Las dinámicas de relación se configuraron desde la imposibilidad para trabajar de manera colaborativa, y en relatos que explicaban la conducta de los otros como la causa de la falta de evolución y eficiencia del proyecto. Crear tramas conversacionales generativas que posibiliten emerger recursos, permite reconocer lo problemático como oportunidades para coevolucionar. Las subjetividades pueden ser reconocidas y reconfiguradas en el diálogo que crea nuevas opciones para el logro de metas comunes. Conclusiones: Las asesorías en grupos de estudiantes con desacuerdos que no posibilitan coevolucionar, pueden realizarse mediante diálogos generativos que permitan reflexiones y aprendizajes de posturas personales y dinámicas relacionales, para construir colaborativamente nuevas opciones, donde fortalezas, recursos internos y externos emerjan para el cumplimiento de metas(AU)

Introduction: Medical training is a context with high levels of demands, which can become a source of stress and influence interpersonal relationships and the achievement of goals. Objective: To understand how the dynamics of coping with the demands of a medical student's research work are constructed through dialogue, allowing the development of learning about teamwork with efficiency and productivity. Methods: A case study was carried out with a qualitative approach. Results: The relationship dynamics were designed based on the impossibility to work collaboratively, as well as in stories that explained the behavior of others as the cause for the lack of evolution and efficiency within the project. Creating generative conversational plots that enable emerging resources allows recognizing the problem situation as opportunities to coevolve. Subjectivities can be recognized and redesigned through dialogue, which creates new options for the achievement of common goals. Conclusions: Counseling in groups of students with disagreements, which do not allow to coevolve, can be done through generative dialogues permitting reflections and learning about personal positions and relational dynamics, in order to build new options collaboratively, in which strengths, and internal and external resources emerge for the achievement of goals(AU)