RESUMEN
The two types of craniopharyngioma, adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP), are clinically relevant tumours in children and adults. Although the biology of primary craniopharyngioma is starting to be unravelled, little is known about the biology of recurrence. To fill this gap in knowledge, we have analysed through methylation array, RNA sequencing and pERK1/2 immunohistochemistry a cohort of paired primary and recurrent samples (32 samples from 14 cases of ACP and 4 cases of PCP). We show the presence of copy number alterations and clonal evolution across recurrence in 6 cases of ACP, and analysis of additional whole genome sequencing data from the Children's Brain Tumour Network confirms chromosomal arm copy number changes in at least 7/67 ACP cases. The activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, a feature previously shown in primary ACP, is observed in all but one recurrent cases of ACP. The only ACP without MAPK activation is an aggressive case of recurrent malignant human craniopharyngioma harbouring a CTNNB1 mutation and loss of TP53. Providing support for a functional role of this TP53 mutation, we show that Trp53 loss in a murine model of ACP results in aggressive tumours and reduced mouse survival. Finally, we characterise the tumour immune infiltrate showing differences in the cellular composition and spatial distribution between ACP and PCP. Together, these analyses have revealed novel insights into recurrent craniopharyngioma and provided preclinical evidence supporting the evaluation of MAPK pathway inhibitors and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials in against recurrent ACP.
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Evolución Clonal , Craneofaringioma , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Hipofisarias , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Humanos , Craneofaringioma/genética , Craneofaringioma/patología , Craneofaringioma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/genética , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/patología , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Evolución Clonal/genética , Niño , Animales , Adolescente , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Ratones , Preescolar , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The causes of migraine remain unclear. Evidence suggests that the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways play a role in migraine pathogenesis. However, studies on genetic polymorphisms in the two pathways associated with migraine are still limited. METHODS: This study included 226 migraineurs and 452 age- and sex-matched nonmigraine control individuals. Genotyping of 31 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 genes was performed. The relationship between migraine and gene polymorphisms was analyzed by using logistic regression. SNP-SNP interactions were examined by a generalized multifactor dimension reduction (GMDR) approach. The possible role of SNPs was evaluated with gene expression data from the GTEx database. RESULTS: The RASGRP2-rs2230414 GT genotype was associated with decreased migraine risk compared with the wild-type GG genotype [ORadj (95% CI): 0.674(0.458-0.989)]. PIK3R1-rs3730089 was associated with migraine in the recessive model [ORadj (95% CI): 1.446(1.004-2.083)]. The CACNA1H-rs61734410 CT genotype was associated with migraine risk [ORadj (95% CI): 1.561(1.068-2.281)]. One significant two-way SNP-SNP interaction was found (PRKCA rs2228945-BDNF rs6265) (p = 0.0107). Significant eQTL and sQTL signals were observed for the SNP rs2230414. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to systematically reveal significant associations between MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related gene polymorphisms and migraine risk.
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Trastornos Migrañosos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Humanos , Trastornos Migrañosos/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Adulto , Transducción de Señal/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase Ia/genética , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Acral melanoma is an aggressive type of melanoma with unknown origins. It is the most common type of melanoma in individuals with dark skin and is notoriously challenging to treat. We examine exome sequencing data of 139 tissue samples, spanning different progression stages, from 37 patients. We find that 78.4% of the melanomas display clustered copy number transitions with focal amplifications, recurring predominantly on chromosomes 5, 11, 12, and 22. These complex genomic aberrations are typically shared across all progression stages of individual patients. TERT activating alterations also arise early, whereas MAP-kinase pathway mutations appear later, an inverted order compared to the canonical evolution. The punctuated formation of complex aberrations and early TERT activation suggest a unique mutational mechanism that initiates acral melanoma. The marked intratumoral heterogeneity, especially concerning MAP-kinase pathway mutations, may partly explain the limited success of therapies for this melanoma subtype.
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Melanoma , Mutación , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Telomerasa , Humanos , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Telomerasa/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Evolución Molecular , Masculino , Secuenciación del Exoma , Femenino , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in LUAD progression via supplying oxygen and nutrients for cancer cells. Non-coding miR-1293, a significantly up-regulated miRNA in LUAD tissues, can be potentially used as a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. However, little information is available about the function of miR-1293 in LUAD progression especially cancer-induced angiogenesis. Herein, we found that miR-1293 knockdown could obviously attenuate LUAD-induced angiogenesis in vitro and down-regulate two most important pro-angiogenic cytokines VEGF-A and bFGF expression and secretion. Indeed, miR-1293 abrogation inactivated the angiogenesis-promoting ERK1/2 signaling characterized by decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm. Next we found that miR-1293 knockdown reactivated the endogenous ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor Spry4 expression and Spry4 perturbance with specific siRNA transfection abolished the inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway and LUAD-induced angiogenesis by miR-1293 knockdown. Finally, with in vivo assay, we found obvious Spry4 up-regulation and VEGF-A, bFGF, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, micro-vessel density marker CD31 expression down-regulation in vivo, respectively. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-1293 knockdown could significantly attenuate LUAD angiogenesis via Spry4-mediated ERK1/2 signaling inhibition, which might be helpful for uncovering more functions of miR-1293 in LUAD and providing experimental basis for possible LUAD therapeutic strategy targeting miR-1293.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , MicroARNs , Neovascularización Patológica , Regulación hacia Arriba , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animales , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Ratones , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Células A549 , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Femenino , AngiogénesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Our previous study has demonstrated that Nischarin (NISCH) exerts its antitumor effects in breast cancer (BC) by suppressing cell migration and invasion. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism through which NISCH functions in BC. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relevance between EGF Like Repeats and Discoidin Domains 3 (EDIL3) mRNA expression and the overall survival of tumor patients was depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. The findings revealed that overexpressed NISCH attenuated cell motility and colony-forming capacities of Hs578T cells, yet silenced NISCH in MDA-MB-231 cells led to contrasting results. Western blot (WB) analysis indicated that overexpression of NISCH significantly down-regulated the Vimentin and Slug expression, and inactivated the FAK/ERK signaling pathway. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in NISCH-overexpressed Hs578T cells and the control cells to analyze differentially expressed genes (DeGs), and the results showed a significant down-regulation of EDIL3 mRNA level upon overexpression of NISCH. Subsequent functional analyses demonstrated that overexpression of EDIL3 attenuated the inhibitory effect of NISCH on cell migration, invasion, colony formation, and tube formation. CONCLUSION: In summary, our finding preliminarily revealed that NISCH inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and angiogenesis in BC cells by down-regulating EDIL3 to inactivate the FAK/ERK signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the progression of BC. Our results hold promise for contributing to the deep understanding of BC pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Movimiento Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Neovascularización Patológica , Humanos , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Quinasa 1 de Adhesión Focal/metabolismo , Quinasa 1 de Adhesión Focal/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Vimentina/metabolismo , Vimentina/genética , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/genética , Angiogénesis , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Moléculas de Adhesión CelularAsunto(s)
Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Humanos , Astrocitoma/genética , Astrocitoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación/genéticaRESUMEN
Activating mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway represent driver alterations governing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. MAPK activation predominantly occurs through genomic alterations in RAS and BRAF. BRAF is an effector kinase that functions downstream of RAS and propagates this oncogenic activity through MEK and ERK. Across cancers, BRAF alterations include gain-of-function mutations, copy-number alterations, and structural rearrangements. In cancer patients, BRAF-targeting precision therapeutics are effective against Class I BRAF alterations (p.V600 hotspot mutations) in tumors such as melanomas, thyroid cancers, and colorectal cancers. However, numerous non-Class I BRAF inhibitors are also in development and have been explored in some cancers. Here we discuss the diverse forms of BRAF alterations found in human cancers and the strategies to inhibit them in patients harboring cancers of distinct origins.
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Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Neoplasias , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Mutación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant brain tumor. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification widely exists in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of human tumors. However, the function and mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), an RNA-binding protein and m6A reader in gliomas remains to be comprehensively and extensively explored. Herein, we found that HNRNPC mRNA and protein overexpression were associated with a poor prognosis for patients with gliomas, based on the data from TCGA, the CGGA, and the TMAs. Biologically, HNRNPC knockdown markedly repressed malignant phenotypes of glioma in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic HNRNPC expression had the opposite effect. Integrative RNA sequencing and MeRIP sequencing analyses identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as a downstream target of HNRNPC. The glioma public datasets and tissue microarrays (TMAs) data indicated that IRAK1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis, and IRAK1 knockdown significantly repressed malignant biological behavior in vitro. Mechanistically, HNRNPC maintains the mRNA stability of IRAK1 in an m6A-dependent manner, resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which was necessary for the malignant behavior of glioma. Our findings demonstrate the HNRNPC-IRAK1-MAPK axis as a crucial carcinogenic factor for glioma and the novel underlying mechanism of IRAK1 upregulation, which provides a rationale for therapeutically targeting epitranscriptomic modulators in glioma.
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Progresión de la Enfermedad , Glioma , Ribonucleoproteína Heterogénea-Nuclear Grupo C , Quinasas Asociadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1 , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , ARN Mensajero , Humanos , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patología , Glioma/metabolismo , Quinasas Asociadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Quinasas Asociadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Heterogénea-Nuclear Grupo C/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteína Heterogénea-Nuclear Grupo C/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Ratones , Estabilidad del ARN/genética , Ratones Desnudos , Animales , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/metabolismo , PronósticoRESUMEN
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 4 (SNHG4) has been demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in various inflammatory conditions, yet its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the biological function of SNHG4 in COPD and to unveil its potential molecular targets. Our findings reveal that both SNHG4 and Four and a Half LIM Domains 1 (FHL1) were markedly downregulated in COPD, whereas microRNA-409-3p (miR-409-3p) was upregulated. Importantly, SNHG4 exhibited a negative correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with COPD, but a positive correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1s percentage (FEV1%). SNHG4 distinguished COPD patients from non-smokers with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Overexpression of SNHG4 ameliorated cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling in 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells. These beneficial effects of SNHG4 overexpression were reversed by the overexpression of miR-409-3p or the silencing of FHL1. Mechanistically, SNHG4 competitively bound to miR-409-3p, mediating the expression of FHL1, and consequently improving inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling in 16HBE cells. Additionally, SNHG4 regulated the miR-409-3p/FHL1 axis to inhibit the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induced by CSE. In a murine model of COPD, knockdown of SNHG4 exacerbated CSE-induced pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In summary, our data affirm that SNHG4 mitigates pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage mediated by COPD through the regulation of the miR-409-3p/FHL1 axis.
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Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias) , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , MicroARNs , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , ARN Largo no Codificante , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Apoptosis/genética , Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/genética , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/metabolismo , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/genética , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/patología , Proliferación Celular/genética , Animales , Ratones , Masculino , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/patología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/genética , Femenino , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/genética , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group (NCI-COG) Pediatric MATCH trial assigns patients age 1-21 years with refractory malignancies to phase II treatment arms of molecularly targeted therapies on the basis of genetic alterations detected in their tumor. Patients with activating alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were treated with ulixertinib, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitor. METHODS: As there were no previous pediatric data, ulixertinib was initially tested in a dose escalation cohort to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) before proceeding to the phase II cohort. Ulixertinib was administered at 260 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day (dose level 1 [DL1], n = 15) or 350 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day (DL2, n = 5). The primary end point was objective response rate; secondary end points included safety/tolerability and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty patients (median 12 years; range, 5-20) were treated, all evaluable for response. CNS tumors comprised 55% (11/20) of diagnoses, with high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma most common (n = 5 each). All CNS tumors except one harbored BRAF fusions or V600E mutations. Rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5) was the most frequent non-CNS diagnosis. DL1 was declared the RP2D in the dose escalation cohort after dose-limiting toxicities in Cycle 1 occurred in 1/6 patients at DL1 and 2/5 patients at DL2, including fatigue, anorexia, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, hypoalbuminemia, and hypernatremia. No objective responses were observed. Six-month PFS was 37% (95% CI, 17 to 58). Three patients with BRAF-altered CNS tumors achieved stable disease >6 months. CONCLUSION: Ulixertinib, a novel targeted agent with no previous pediatric data, was successfully evaluated in a national precision medicine basket trial. The pediatric RP2D of ulixertinib is 260 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day. Limited single-agent efficacy was observed in a biomarker-selected cohort of refractory pediatric tumors.
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Neoplasias , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Preescolar , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Lactante , Estados Unidos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Aminopiridinas , PirrolesRESUMEN
Adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease (AOXGD) is a spectrum of histiocytoses with four subtypes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations have been detected in various histiocytic neoplasms, little is known about this in AOXGD. Targeted regions of cancer- and histiocytosis-related genes were analyzed and immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated ERK (pERK), cyclin D1 and PU.1 was performed in 28 AOXGD and 10 control xanthelasma biopsies to assess MAPK pathway activation. Mutations were detected in 7/28 (25%) patients. Positive staining for pERK and/or cyclin D1 was found across all subtypes in 17/27 (63%) patients of whom 12/17 (71%) did not harbour a mutation. Xanthelasma tissue stained negative for pERK and cyclin D1. Relapse occurred in 5/7 (71%) patients with a MAPK pathway mutation compared to 8/21 (38%) patients in whom no mutation could be detected. Molecular analysis and evaluation for systemic disease is warranted to identify patients at risk of recurrent xanthomatous disease.
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Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Mutación , Xantomatosis , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Anciano , Xantomatosis/genética , Enfermedades Orbitales/genética , Ciclina D1/genética , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Granuloma/genéticaRESUMEN
Somatic mutations have been identified in 10% to 63% of focal cortical dysplasia type II samples, primarily linked to the mTOR pathway. When the causative genetic mutations are not identified, this opens the possibility of discovering new pathogenic genes or pathways that could be contributing to the condition. In our previous study, we identified a novel candidate pathogenic somatic variant of IRS-1 c.1791dupG in the brain tissue of a child with focal cortical dysplasia type II. This study further explored the variant's role in causing type II focal cortical dysplasia through in vitro overexpression in 293T and SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo evaluation via in utero electroporation in fetal brains, assessing effects on neuronal migration, morphology, and network integrity. It was found that the mutant IRS-1 variant led to hyperactivity of p-ERK, increased cell volume, and was predominantly associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. In vivo, the IRS-1 c.1791dupG variant induced abnormal neuron migration, cytomegaly, and network hyperexcitability. Notably, the ERK inhibitor GDC-0994, rather than the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, effectively rescued the neuronal defects. This study directly highlighted the ERK signaling pathway's role in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasia II and provided a new therapeutic target for cases of focal cortical dysplasia II that are not treatable by rapamycin analogs.
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Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Mutación , Humanos , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/genética , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Animales , Malformaciones del Desarrollo Cortical de Grupo I/genética , Malformaciones del Desarrollo Cortical de Grupo I/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/patología , Movimiento Celular/genética , Células HEK293 , Femenino , Displasia Cortical Focal , EpilepsiaRESUMEN
Lung cancer is one of the most significant malignancies, with both high morbidity and mortality. CDK10 is closely related to cancer progression and metastasis. However, its role in lung cancer radioresistance demands further clarification. In this study, we demonstrated that CDK10 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues, and CDK10 expression level was associated with the clinical prognosis in lung cancer patients. We also found that silencing CDK10 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and radioresistance. We further verified that silencing CDK10 facilitated the activation of JNK/c-Jun signaling, and c-Jun depletion could reverse the effects of CDK10 knockdown in lung cancer cells. Our findings revealed that CDK10 plays an important role in cell growth and radioresistance by inhibiting JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in lung cancer. Therefore, CDK10 might be a promising therapeutic target in lung cancer. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 336-341].
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Proliferación Celular , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/metabolismo , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/genética , Tolerancia a Radiación/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Transducción de Señal , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , PronósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Human melanoma-associated antigen A2 (hMAGEA2) family members play several roles in many types of cancer and have been explored as potential prognostic markers. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying hMAGEA2-mediated tumorigenesis of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to assess protein expression whereas microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR determined mRNA expression. CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation. Colony formation assay was used to examine tumorigenesis. Migration and invasion were examined using a transwell assay. Propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V double staining was performed to measure apoptosis. Transcriptional activity was measured using Dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: hMAGEA2 was highly over-expressed in human prostate cancer tissues compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. To elucidate its biological function in prostate cancer, we established two stable hMAGEA2-knockdown prostate cancer cell lines, PC3M and 22RV1, and found that they presented significantly decreased proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation, migration, and invasion. As hMAGEA2 knockdown suppressed prostate cancer cell growth, we examined its potential influence on tumor apoptosis. hMAGEA2-knockdown cell lines displayed early apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of hMAGEA2 resulted in the down-regulation of EFNA3 expression. Luciferase assay showed that hMAGEA2 bound to the EFNA promoter region and regulated its transcription. Down-regulation of EFNA3 expression led to decreased Ras/Braf/MEK/Erk1/2 phosphorylation and, consequently, inhibited prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSION: hMAGEA2 promotes prostate cancer growth, metastasis, and tumorigenesis by regulating the EFNA3-Erk1/2 signaling pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic marker for prostate cancer.
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Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), a member of the Ephrin receptor family, is closely related to the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in OSCC development and occurrence. The underlying mechanisms between EphA2 and CSCs, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we found that EphA2 was overexpressed in OSCC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of EphA2 dampened the CSC phenotype and the tumour-initiating frequency of OSCC cells. Crucially, the effects of EphA2 on the CSC phenotype relied on KLF4, a key transcription factor for CSCs. Mechanistically, EphA2 activated the ERK signalling pathway, promoting the nuclear translocation of YAP. Subsequently, YAP was bound to TEAD3, leading to the transcription of KLF4. Overall, our findings revealed that EphA2 can enhance the stemness of OSCC cells, and this study identified the EphA2/KLF4 axis as a potential target for treating OSCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel , Neoplasias de la Boca , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Receptor EphA2 , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptor EphA2/metabolismo , Receptor EphA2/genética , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Animales , Ratones , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Femenino , Ratones Desnudos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a kind of malignant tumor with a poor prognosis and low quality of life in the otolaryngology department. It has been found that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. This study found that the expression level of miRNA-107 (miR-107) in HSCC was significantly reduced. Subsequently, we screened out the downstream direct target gene Neuronal Vesicle Trafficking Associated 1 (NSG1) related to miR-107 through bioinformatics analysis and found that the expression of NSG1 was increased in HSCC tissues. Following the overexpression of miR-107 in HSCC cells, it was observed that miR-107 directly suppressed NSG1 expression, leading to increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and reduced invasion capabilities of HSCC cells. Subsequent experiments involving the overexpression and knockdown of NSG1 in HSCC cells demonstrated that elevated NSG1 levels enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while the opposite effect was observed upon NSG1 knockdown. Further investigations revealed that changes in NSG1 levels in the HSCC cells were accompanied by alterations in ERK signaling pathway proteins, suggesting a potential regulatory role of NSG1 in HSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the ERK pathway. These findings highlight the significance of miR-107 and NSG1 in hypopharyngeal cancer metastasis, offering promising targets for therapeutic interventions and prognostic evaluations for HSCC.
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Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , MicroARNs , Humanos , Masculino , Apoptosis/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low-temperature severely limits the growth and development of Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a key role in the response to cold stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our study aims to identify MAPK cascade genes in C. oleifera and reveal their roles in response to cold stress. In our study, we systematically identified and analyzed the MAPK cascade gene families of C. oleifera, including their physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, and multiple sequence alignments. In addition, we characterized the interacting networks of MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK)-MAPK kinase (MAPKK)-MAPK in C. oleifera. The molecular mechanism of cold stress resistance of MAPK cascade genes in wild C. oleifera was analyzed by differential gene expression and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION: In this study, 21 MAPKs, 4 MAPKKs and 55 MAPKKKs genes were identified in the leaf transcriptome of C. oleifera. According to the phylogenetic results, MAPKs were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), MAPKKs were divided into 3 groups (A, B and D), and MAPKKKs were divided into 2 groups (MEKK and Raf). Motif analysis showed that the motifs in each subfamily were conserved, and most of the motifs in the same subfamily were basically the same. The protein interaction network based on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) homologs revealed that MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK genes were widely involved in C. oleifera growth and development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Gene expression analysis revealed that the CoMAPKKK5/CoMAPKKK43/CoMAPKKK49-CoMAPKK4-CoMAPK8 module may play a key role in the cold stress resistance of wild C. oleifera at a high-elevation site in Lu Mountain (LSG). This study can facilitate the mining and utilization of genetic resources of C. oleifera with low-temperature tolerance.
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Camellia , Respuesta al Choque por Frío , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Camellia/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Frío , Transcriptoma/genética , Familia de Multigenes , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Hojas de la Planta/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of chronic osteomyelitis and to clarify the role of MAPK signal pathway in the pathogenesis of chronic osteomyelitis, by collecting and analyzing the transcriptional information of bone tissue in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. METHODS: Four cases of traumatic osteomyelitis in limbs from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected, and the samples of necrotic osteonecrosis from chronic osteomyelitis (necrotic group), and normal bone tissue (control group) were collected. Transcriptome information was collected by Illumina Hiseq Xten high throughput sequencing platform, and the gene expression in bone tissue was calculated by FPKM. The differentially expressed genes were screened by comparing the transcripts of the Necrotic group and control group. Genes were enriched by GO and KEGG. MAP3K7 and NFATC1 were selected as differential targets in the verification experiments, by using rat osteomyelitis animal model and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5548 differentially expressed genes were obtained by high throughput sequencing by comparing the necrotic group and control group, including 2701 up-regulated and 2847 down-regulated genes. The genes enriched in MAPK pathway and osteoclast differentiation pathway were screened, the common genes expressed in both MAPK and osteoclast differentiation pathway were (inhibitor of nuclear factor κ subunit Beta, IκBKß), (mitogen-activated protein kinase 7, MAP3K7), (nuclear factor of activated t cells 1, NFATC1) and (nuclear factor Kappa B subunit 2, NFκB2). In rat osteomyelitis model, MAP3K7 and NFATC1 were highly expressed in bone marrow and injured bone tissue. CONCLUSION: Based on the transcriptome analysis, the MAPK signaling and osteoclast differentiation pathways were closely related to chronic osteomyelitis, and the key genes IκBKß, MAP3K7, NFATC1, NFκB2 might be new targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy of chronic osteomyelitis.
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Osteomielitis , Transcriptoma , Osteomielitis/genética , Animales , Humanos , Enfermedad Crónica , Masculino , Ratas , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/genética , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Huesos/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Femenino , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Background: Inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, are key factors that contribute to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which may lead to the failure of liver surgeries, such as hepatectomy and liver transplantation. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in multiple biological processes, and its specific role and mechanism in hepatic I/R injury require further investigation. Methods: Dot blotting analysis was used to profile m6A levels in liver tissues at different reperfusion time points in hepatic I/R mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific METTL3 knockdown (HKD) mice were used to determine the function of METTL3 during hepatic I/R. RNA sequencing and western blotting were performed to assess the potential signaling pathways involved with the deficiency of METTL3. Finally, AAV8-TBG-METTL3 was injected through the tail vein to further elucidate the role of METTL3 in hepatic I/R injury. Results: The m6A modification levels and the expression of METTL3 were upregulated in mouse livers during hepatic I/R injury. METTL3 deficiency led to an exacerbated inflammatory response and increased cell death during hepatic I/R, whereas overexpression of METTL3 reduced the extent of liver injury. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the MAPK pathway was significantly enriched in the livers of METTL3-deficient mice. METTL3 protected the liver from I/R injury, possibly by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, but not P38. Conclusions: METTL3 deficiency aggravates hepatic I/R injury in mice by activating the MAPK signaling pathway. METTL3 may be a potential therapeutic target in hepatic I/R injury.
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Hígado , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Metiltransferasas , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Adenosina/metabolismo , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Apoptosis/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/patología , Hígado/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Daño por Reperfusión/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Células HEK293RESUMEN
Androgen Receptor (AR) activity in prostate stroma is required to maintain prostate homeostasis. This is mediated through androgen-dependent induction and secretion of morphogenic factors that drive epithelial cell differentiation. However, stromal AR expression is lost in aggressive prostate cancer. The mechanisms leading to stromal AR loss and morphogen production are unknown. We identified TGFß1 and TNFα as tumor-secreted factors capable of suppressing AR mRNA and protein expression in prostate stromal fibroblasts. Pharmacological and RNAi approaches identified NF-κB as the major signaling pathway involved in suppressing AR expression by TNFα. In addition, p38α- and p38δ-MAPK were identified as suppressors of AR expression independent of TNFα. Two regions of the AR promoter were responsible for AR suppression through TNFα. FGF10 and Wnt16 were identified as androgen-induced morphogens, whose expression was lost upon TNFα treatment and enhanced upon p38-MAPK inhibition. Wnt16, through non-canonical Jnk signaling, was required for prostate basal epithelial cell survival. These findings indicate that stromal AR loss is mediated by secreted factors within the TME. We identified TNFα/TGFß as two possible factors, with TNFα mediating its effects through NF-κB or p38-MAPK to suppress AR mRNA transcription. This leads to loss of androgen-regulated stromal morphogens necessary to maintain normal epithelial homeostasis.