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1.
Molecules ; 29(18)2024 Sep 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39339279

RESUMEN

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) poses a significant environmental challenge and health concern in olive-producing countries, including Jordan. Surfactant micelles are frequently employed as solubilizing agents to enhance the water solubility of chemical compounds. This study aims to leverage the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles in a multi-step process to detoxify OMW for agricultural and industrial uses and reduce its impact. The OMW was treated in multiple steps: screening, coagulation with different chemicals, and distillation with different surfactants. The treatment steps were monitored using LC-MS, GC-MS, ICP-MS, chemical oxygen demand contents, and total phenolic compounds. The detoxification of OMW was evaluated using standard germination assays, MTT assays using tissue culture, and toxicity assays using fluorescence bacteria. Following the treatment, the seed growth rate improved significantly from 0% to 100%. The GC-MS revealed a substantial decrease in pollutants. The concentration of polyphenols was reduced to 2.5%, while the COD level decreased to 35%. The toxicity in bacteria was significantly reduced in a time-dependent manner, and the toxicity in human cells decreased by 95%. Additionally, between 50% and 95% of metals in OMW were removed. The multi-step SDS-based approach successfully detoxified the OMW and enhanced water quality, which would pave the road for its direct application in industry and agriculture.


Asunto(s)
Olea , Tensoactivos , Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Aguas Residuales/química , Tensoactivos/química , Humanos , Olea/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno
2.
Molecules ; 29(17)2024 Sep 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275067

RESUMEN

Chinese Olea europaea leaves, rich in verbascosides, were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and wall-breaking extraction (WBE) with deep eutectic solvents (Optimal UAE: 55 min, 200 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 20% moisture, yielding 206.23 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g total phenolic content (TPC) and 1.59 ± 0.04% verbascoside yield (VAY); Optimal WBE: 140 s, 210 mL/g, 30% moisture, giving 210.69 ± 0.97 mg GAE/g TPC and 1.33 ± 0.2% VAY). HPLC analysis showed that young leaves accumulated higher TPC and phenolic compounds. Among the five olive varieties, Koroneiki and Chemlal showed the highest TPC in UAE, while Arbosana and Chemlal excelled in WBE. WBE yielded a higher TPC and rutin, whereas UAE marginally increased other phenolics. Additionally, the DPPH• assay showed that WBE-extracted verbascoside-rich extracts (VREs) of Chemlal exhibited high antioxidant activity (EC50 of 57 mg/mL), but Koroneiki-VREs exhibited lower activity against the ABTS•+ radical (EC50 of 134 mg/mL). Remarkably, the UAE/WBE-extracted Chemlal-VREs promoted the normal esophageal Het-1A cell line at 25 µg/mL for 24 h; yet, the esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells were sensibly inhibited, especially at 50 µg/mL; and the cell viability decreased dramatically. The results confirmed WBE as a relatively efficient method, and the Chemlal variety may be an excellent source of verbascoside.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Glucósidos , Olea , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Solventes , Humanos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Olea/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Polifenoles , Solventes/química
3.
J Chromatogr A ; 1735: 465310, 2024 Oct 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39232418

RESUMEN

The goal of preparative chromatography is to isolate suitable amounts of compound(s) at the required purity in the most cost-effective way. This study analyses the power of High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) guided preparative flash chromatography to separate and isolate bioactive compounds from an olive flower extract for their further characterisation via spectroscopy. The structure and purity of isolated bioactive compounds were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Flash chromatography of the olive flower extract successfully isolated pure oleanolic and maslinic acids. Moreover, the flash chromatography of the extract allowed isolation and phytochemical analysis of the most lipophilic fraction of the extract, which was found to contain n-eicosane and n-(Z)-eicos-5-ene, that has not been isolated previously with preparative TLC.


Asunto(s)
Flores , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Flores/química , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/métodos , Olea/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Triterpenos/análisis , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/química , Ácido Oleanólico/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Oleanólico/análisis , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos
4.
Bioengineered ; 15(1): 2396647, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39235136

RESUMEN

Oleuropein (OP) is an appreciated compound present not only in fruits but also in leaves of olive trees, which can be transformed into hydroxytyrosol (HT), a substance with high antioxidant activity. In this work, the transformation of an agricultural residue containing OP (olive leaves or wastewater from mills) to the high added value compound HT is accomplished through different enzymatic strategies. Different enzymes were used, immobilized on various supports by diverse binding forces: beta-glucosidase encapsulated in siliceous material, esterases and lipases immobilized on hydrophobic supports (octyl-functionalized amorphous silica and periodic mesoporous organosilica), and esterase immobilized on amine-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica. All these biocatalysts were tested for oleuropein hydrolysis through two different reaction approaches: a) split of glucosidic bond catalyzed by beta-glucosidase (ß-glu), followed by hydrolysis of the aglycon and further ester hydrolysis. 5 mg·mL-1 of ß-glu fully hydrolyzed 5 mM OP at pH 7 and 50°C in 7 days, and further enzymatic hydrolysis of the aglycon yielded near to 0.5 mM HT in the best conditions tested. b) via direct hydrolysis of the ester bond to produce hydroxytyrosol in a one-step reaction using esterases or lipases. The latter reaction pathway catalyzed by lipase from Penicillium camemberti immobilized on octyl-silica (4 mg·mL-1) at 35°C and pH 6 directly produced 6.8 mM HT (1 mg·mL-1), transforming in 12 days near to 30% of the initial 25 mM OP from a commercial olive leaves extract.


Asunto(s)
Enzimas Inmovilizadas , Glucósidos Iridoides , Olea , Alcohol Feniletílico , beta-Glucosidasa , Alcohol Feniletílico/química , Alcohol Feniletílico/metabolismo , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Glucósidos Iridoides/química , Olea/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismo , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismo , beta-Glucosidasa/química , Lipasa/metabolismo , Lipasa/química , Hidrólisis , Agricultura , Hojas de la Planta/química , Iridoides/química , Iridoides/metabolismo
5.
Molecules ; 29(17)2024 Aug 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39274844

RESUMEN

This research can be considered as the first complete survey for the valorization of new olive genotypes cultivated in the South-East of Tunisia as well as their oils. The study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of virgin olive oil produced from two olive cultivars, namely Nourgou and Gousalani. The pomological characterization of fruits, the quality criteria and the phytochemical profile were quantified. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) tests to also obtain a bioactive characterization of these monovarietal olive oils. The obtained results revealed that the analyzed olive oils samples can be classified into Extra Virgin category (EVOO) according to the regulated physicochemical characteristics. Our findings showed a significant variability in the chemical parameters of the analyzed EVOO likely associated with the genetic potential, mainly for chlorophylls contents (1.37-1.64 mg/kg), in carotenoids pigments (3.97-10.86 mg/kg), in α-tocopherol (175.59-186.87 mg/kg), in sterols (1036.4-1931.4 mg/kg) in oleic acid (65.33-68.73%), in palmitic acid (C16:0) (13.32-17.48%), in linoleic acid (C18:2) (11.06-13.47%). Additionally, the HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the two EVOOs analyzed contained appreciable amounts of total polyphenols, ranging from 348.03 up to 516.16 mg/kg, in Nourgou and Gousalani oils, respectively. Regarding the individual phenolic compounds, the EVOO samples were mainly characterized by phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, secoiridoids, verbascoside, flavonoids and phenolic aldehydes. The prevalent simple phenolics detected were secoiridoids with the dominance of the oleuropein aglycone in Gousalani oil. In addition, findings from in vitro antioxidant assays (FRAP and ORAC) revealed that the two studied oils possessed a powerful antiradical activity and a good reducing power capacity. In conclusion, these new EVOOs exhibited a superior quality compared to other Tunisian varieties, considering their antiradical activity and reducing power capacity.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Genotipo , Olea , Aceite de Oliva , Fitoquímicos , Aceite de Oliva/química , Túnez , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Olea/química , Olea/genética , Olea/clasificación , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Frutas/química , Carotenoides/análisis , Carotenoides/química
6.
Molecules ; 29(17)2024 Sep 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275097

RESUMEN

Olive trees not only produce olives but also generate a substantial amount of waste and by-products, including leaves, pomace (the solid remains after pressing olives for oil), and wastewater from the olive oil-making process. The waste products, particularly the leaves, contain bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds, known for their health benefits, such as high antioxidant potential and the ability to reduce inflammation. These compounds have shown promise in preventing and treating cancer. This review, based on in vitro evidence, provides a detailed description and discussion of the mechanisms through which these compounds from olive leaves can prevent development, the ways they might act against cancer cells, and their potential to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to conventional anticancer therapy. The possible synergistic effects of these compounds suggest that olive leaf extracts may offer a promising approach for cancer treatment, compared with isolated compounds, thus providing novel possibilities for cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Olea/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Animales
7.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 37(3): 571-581, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39340848

RESUMEN

Olive leaf extracts contain several phytochemical and pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the cytotoxic, antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory activities of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the Nabali, Muhassan and wild olive leaves grown in Jordan. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols contents, chelating power activity, total antioxidant activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of each extract were evaluated. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of each extract was evaluated using CNP-G3 assay while cytotoxicity was assessed against viability of MCF7 and MB-MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines by MTT. The results showed that total polyphenol content was the highest in the ethanolic wild leaf extract (113.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract). At a concentration of 100µg/ml, the extracts from ethanolic wild leaf, ethyl acetate of wild leaf, and ethanolic Nabali leaf exhibited the highest chelating activity for ferrous ions (52.4%, 50.5%, and 47.2%). All olive leaf extracts significantly reduced MCF7 cell growth, while ethyl acetate wild leaf extract decreased MB-MDA-231 viability. The findings revealed a robust correlation between the antioxidant, cytotoxic and α-amylase inhibitory activities of various olive leaf extracts. Further investigations are needed to identify cytoprotective effects of olive leaf extracts and the evaluation of its efficacy in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , alfa-Amilasas , Hojas de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Humanos , Olea/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , Jordania , Células MCF-7 , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Polifenoles/farmacología , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis
8.
Molecules ; 29(18)2024 Sep 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39339362

RESUMEN

High concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been linked to diseases, including diabetic complications. The pathophysiological effects of AGEs are mainly due to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Among the proteins most affected by glycation are albumin, the most abundant circulating protein, and collagen, which has a long biological half-life and is abundant in the extracellular matrix. The potential cellular damage caused by AGEs underscores the importance of identifying and developing natural AGE inhibitors. Indeed, despite initial promise, many synthetic inhibitors have been withdrawn from clinical trials due to issues such as cytotoxicity and poor pharmacokinetics. In contrast, natural products have shown significant potential in inhibiting AGE formation. Olea europaea L. leaves, rich in bioactive compounds like oleuropein and triterpenoids, have attracted scientific interest, emphasizing the potential of olive leaf extracts in health applications. This study investigates the anti-glycation properties of two polyphenol-rich extracts (OPA40 and OPA70) and a triterpene-enriched extract (TTP70) from olive leaves. Using in vitro protein glycation methods with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose and gelatin-glucose systems, this study assesses AGE formation inhibition by these extracts through native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (N-PAGE) and autofluorescence detection. OPA40 and OPA70 exhibited strong, dose-dependent anti-glycation effects. These effects were corroborated by electrophoresis and further supported by similar results in a gelatin-glucose system. Additionally, TTP70 showed moderate anti-glycation activity, with a synergistic effect of its components. The results support the real possibility of using olive leaf bioproducts in ameliorating diabetic complications, contributing to sustainable bio-economy practices.


Asunto(s)
Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Olea/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Glicosilación/efectos de los fármacos , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Animales , Polifenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glucósidos Iridoides/farmacología , Glucósidos Iridoides/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química
9.
Nutrients ; 16(18)2024 Sep 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39339668

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Extra virgin olive oil is a fundamental component of the Mediterranean diet. It contains several molecules that sustain human well-being by modulating cellular metabolism and exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ageing effects to protect normal tissues, and it can exert anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells. Metabolites found in different parts of the olive tree, including leaves, also possess properties that might help in cancer prevention and promote wellness in aging. Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), a liquid residue produced during olive oil extraction, represents an environmental issue. However, it is rich in phytochemicals with potential beneficial properties. Dietary supplements based on OMWW can be produced for nutritional supplementation with advantages to the ecology. PURPOSE: This work aims to measure hematochemical, anthropometric, and metabolomic parameters in volunteers taking an OMWW dietary supplement, Oliphenolia® (OMWW-OL). METHODS: The supplementation of OMWW-OL 25 mL twice daily for 30 days was tested on a pilot cohort of volunteers with characteristics close to metabolic syndrome. Hematochemical, anthropometric, serum biomarkers and serum metabolomic parameters were analyzed before the intervention, at 30 days, and 30 days after stopping consumption. RESULTS: A total of 29 volunteers were enrolled, and 23 completed the study. The participants' parameters at baseline were measured, and then twice daily at 30 days of treatment and 30 days after assumption discontinuation. Although treatment was with an olive derivative, their weight did not increase. Their body mass index, instead of augmenting, slightly decreased, particularly in the women. Also, hydration increased, especially in the women, while blood pressure, glycemia, and insulin decreased. Cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides were stable, and LDL levels decreased, while vitamin D levels, alongside calcium, perceptibly increased. Albumin also increased. All the values were in support of an equilibrium, with no damaging effects. By mass spectrometry analysis, we also found favorable changes in the vitamin D/histamine and homocysteine/methionine ratios, an increase in a new metabolite of unknown formula, and the vitamin D/unknown metabolite ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of OMWW-OL has no detrimental effects and might imply the beneficial modulation of several biological parameters. Although this is a small pilot study, with limited potency, it preliminarily suggests that the OMWW extract use could be potentially valuable for people at risk of metabolic syndrome. Some of these parameters could also be relevant in supporting healthy ageing and in cancer prevention.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Olea , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Olea/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Proyectos Piloto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Antropometría , Aceite de Oliva , Dieta Mediterránea
10.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Sep 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275301

RESUMEN

Waste from the agri-food chain represents a valuable reservoir of organic compounds with health-promoting properties. Momast Plus 30 Bio (MP30B) is a derivative obtained from olive-oil wastewater. Its enrichment in hydroxytyrosol (HT) via a patented technique has paved the way for its potential application as a dietary supplement in preventing cardiovascular diseases. MP30B demonstrates no significant alteration in cardiac and vascular parameters in "ex vivo" studies. However, it exhibits a strong ability to remove reactive oxygen species and exerts anti-inflammatory effects, notably reducing the concentration of iNOS and mitigating heart infections in "in vitro" experiments. Furthermore, MP30B slightly decreases the stiffness of the "ex vivo" thoracic aorta, potentially resulting in lowered arterial pressure and enhanced energy transfer to a normal ventricle. Based on these findings, we posit MP30B as a promising extract for cardiovascular disease prevention, and its specific antibacterial properties suggest its utility in preventing cardiac infections.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Olea , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/química , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Olea/química , Humanos , Aceite de Oliva/química , Animales , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología
11.
Nutrients ; 16(16)2024 Aug 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39203892

RESUMEN

The olive tree (Olea europaea) and olive oil hold significant cultural and historical importance in Europe. The health benefits associated with olive oil consumption have been well documented. This paper explores the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of olive oil and olive leaf, focusing on their key bioactive compounds, namely oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. The chemopreventive potential of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein is comprehensively examined through this systematic review. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify eligible articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases published up to 10 October 2023. Among 4037 identified articles, there were 88 eligible articles describing mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. These compounds have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), inhibit angiogenesis, suppress tumor metastasis, and modulate cancer-associated signalling pathways. Additionally, oleocanthal and oleuropein were also reported to disrupt redox hemostasis. This review provides insights into the chemopreventive mechanisms of O. europaea-derived secoiridoids, shedding light on their role in chemoprevention. The bioactivities summarized in the paper support the epidemiological evidence demonstrating a negative correlation between olive oil consumption and cancer risk. Furthermore, the mapped and summarized secondary signalling pathways may provide information to elucidate new synergies with other chemopreventive agents to complement chemotherapies and develop novel nutrition-based anti-cancer approaches.


Asunto(s)
Aldehídos , Monoterpenos Ciclopentánicos , Glucósidos Iridoides , Neoplasias , Olea , Aceite de Oliva , Fenoles , Animales , Humanos , Aldehídos/farmacología , Aldehídos/uso terapéutico , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos Ciclopentánicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos Ciclopentánicos/uso terapéutico , Glucósidos Iridoides/farmacología , Glucósidos Iridoides/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Olea/química , Aceite de Oliva/química , Aceite de Oliva/uso terapéutico , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química
12.
Molecules ; 29(15)2024 Jul 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39124908

RESUMEN

In a landmark study, oleocanthal (OLC), a major phenolic in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), was found to possess anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen, involving inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. EVOO is a rich source of bioactive compounds including fatty acids and phenolics; however, the biological activities of only a small subset of compounds associated with Olea europaea have been explored. Here, the OliveNetTM library (consisting of over 600 compounds) was utilized to investigate olive-derived compounds as potential modulators of the arachidonic acid pathway. Our first aim was to perform enzymatic assays to evaluate the inhibitory activity of a selection of phenolic compounds and fatty acids against COX isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Olive compounds were found to inhibit COX isoforms, with minimal activity against 15-LOX. Subsequent molecular docking indicated that the olive compounds possess strong binding affinities for the active site of COX isoforms, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of binding. Moreover, olive compounds were predicted to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including a readiness to cross biological membranes as highlighted by steered MD simulations and umbrella sampling. Importantly, olive compounds including OLC were identified as non-inhibitors of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel based on patch clamp assays. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the bioactivity of Olea-europaea-derived compounds, many of which are now known to be, at least in part, accountable for the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Olea , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/química , Olea/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Humanos , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/química , Ciclooxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 1/química , Araquidonato 15-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Araquidonato 15-Lipooxigenasa/química , Aceite de Oliva/química , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos Ciclopentánicos , Simulación por Computador , Aldehídos
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39200660

RESUMEN

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), with its high level of phenolic compounds, simultaneously represents a serious environmental challenge and a great resource with potential nutraceutical activities. To increase the knowledge of OMWW's biological effects, with an aim to developing a food supplement, we performed a chemical characterisation of the extract using the Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-flight spectrometry (LC-QTOF) and an in vitro genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity assessment on HepaRG ™ cells. Chemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic compound was hydroxytyrosol. Biological tests showed that the extract was not cytotoxic at the lowest tested concentrations (from 0.25 to 2.5 mg/mL), unlike the highest concentrations (from 5 to 20 mg/mL). Regarding genotoxic activity, when tested at non-cytotoxic concentrations, the extract did not display any effect. Additionally, the lowest tested OMWW concentrations showed antigenotoxic activity (J-shaped dose-response effect) against a known mutagenic substance, reducing the extent of DNA damage in the co-exposure treatment. The antigenotoxic effect was also obtained in the post-exposure procedure, although only at the extract concentrations of 0.015625 and 0.03125 mg/mL. This behaviour was not confirmed in the pre-exposure protocol. In conclusion, the present study established a maximum non-toxic OMWW extract dose for the HepaRG cell model, smoothing the path for future research.


Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Olea , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/toxicidad , Aguas Residuales/química , Humanos , Olea/química , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/química , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Fenoles/toxicidad , Fenoles/análisis , Mutágenos/toxicidad
14.
Theriogenology ; 229: 118-126, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39178613

RESUMEN

Freezing-thawing procedures and semen manipulation for in vitro fertilization induce oxidative stress, which in turn leads to impaired sperm quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether incubation of frozen-thawed buffalo semen with olive fruit extracts (OFE), known to contain a high concentration of phenolic antioxidants, would improve semen quality by reducing oxidative stress. Frozen sperm (4 ejaculates/4 bulls/3 replicates) were thawed and diluted to 30 × 106/mL in IVF medium with 0, 72, 143, and 214 µL/mL of OFE, corresponding to 0 (D0-control), 50 (D50), 100 (D100), and 150 (D150) µM hydroxytyrosol. Sperm viability, acrosome integrity, membrane functionality, motility, and sperm kinetics were evaluated immediately after thawing (T0) and after 1 (T1) and 2 h (T2) of incubation at 38.7 °C. Based on the results, sperm biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and ROS levels (ROMs) were assessed in D0 and D100 groups at T1 and T2. To assess the effect of OFE on fertilizing ability, heterologous penetration rates were also evaluated, using bovine abattoir-derived oocytes. The treatment with OFE at all concentrations tested increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of acrosome intact spermatozoa compared to the D0-control at T1, but the effect was more evident (P < 0.01) with D100 (54.5 ± 3.0, 60.5 ± 1.5, 65.2 ± 3.3, and 62.5 ± 1.7, with D0, D50, D100, and D150 OFE, respectively). Total motility, progressive motility, rapid velocity, and progressive velocity decreased (P < 0.05) at T2 only in the D0-control group. The percentage of rapidly progressive sperm and the progressive motility tended to increase (P < 0.10) at T1 and T2, respectively, in D100 compared to D0 (24.7 ± 4.1 vs 16.4 ± 1.6 and 22.8 ± 2.7 vs 17.0 ± 1.2, respectively). The treatment with D100 OFE of frozen-thawed sperm increased (P < 0.05) some kinetic parameters (VAP and WOB). Spermatozoa incubated with D100 OFE exhibited higher (P < 0.01) total and normospermic oocyte penetration rates compared to D0 (86.5 ± 1.4 vs 78.5 ± 0.7, and 70.6 ± 1.5 vs 63.8 ± 1.1, respectively). Additionally, D100 OFE increased sperm BAP concentrations at both T1 and T2, while ROS levels were unaffected. These results suggest that incubating frozen-thawed buffalo semen with OFE is an effective strategy for preserving semen quality and in vitro fertilization ability by enhancing sperm antioxidant capacity.


Asunto(s)
Búfalos , Criopreservación , Olea , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Análisis de Semen , Preservación de Semen , Espermatozoides , Animales , Masculino , Búfalos/fisiología , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Criopreservación/métodos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Olea/química , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Frutas/química , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Congelación , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria
15.
Talanta ; 280: 126641, 2024 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39142126

RESUMEN

Foodomics employs advanced analytical techniques to provide answers regarding food composition, authenticity control, marker identification and issues related to food quality and safety. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS) are the main analytical platforms used in this field. Nevertheless, they are rarely employed in an integrated manner, and even then, the contribution of each technique remains vague. Table olives (Olea europaea L.) are a food commodity of high economic and nutritional value with an increasing production tendency over the last two decades, which, however, suffers from extensive fraud incidents and quality determination uncertainties. Thus, the current attempt aims towards two axes with the first being the multilevel integration of LC-HRMS and NMR data of the same samples and table olives being the selected matrix. In more detail, UPLC-HRMS/MS-based analysis was compared at different stages within an untargeted metabolomics workflow with an NMR-based study and the complementarity of the two platforms was evaluated. Furthermore, statistical heterospectroscopy (SHY), rarely employed in foodomics, combining the spectroscopic with spectrometric datasets and aiming to increase the confidence level of annotated biomarkers was applied. Amongst these lines, the second parallel axis of this study was the detailed characterization of table olives' metabolome in search for quality markers considering the impact of geographical (from Northern to Southern Greece) and botanical origin (Kalamon, Konservolia, Chalkidikis cultivars), as well as processing parameters (Spanish, Greek). To that end, using deep dereplication tools including statistical methods, with SHY employed for the first time in table olives, different biomarkers, belonging to the classes of phenyl alcohols, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, secoiridoids and triterpenoids were identified as responsible for the observed classifications. The current binary pipeline, focusing on biomarkers' identification confidence, could be suggested as a meaningful workflow not only in olive-based products, but also in food quality control and foodomics in general.


Asunto(s)
Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Olea , Olea/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Metabolómica/métodos , Flujo de Trabajo
16.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 278(Pt 2): 134776, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39153672

RESUMEN

Water extracts (OLE), whey protein encapsulated extracts (OLE/WPNs), and silver nanoparticles (OLE/Ag-NPs) were prepared from olive leaves of Manzenllie and Picual varieties. These preparations were characterized, and their antioxidant and biological activities on Vero and HCT-116 colorectal cells were assessed. The mechanism of action of the preparations was studied through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cytochrome C oxidase (Cox1) gene expression. OLE/Ag-NPs showed smaller particle sizes (14.23-15.53 nm) than OLE/WPNs (229.83-310.67 nm) and demonstrated lower aggregation due to their high Ƹ-potential of -24.86 to -27.90 mV. None of the preparations affected the viability of Vero cells (IC50 = 192.19-421.01 µg/mL), but they showed cytotoxic effects on HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 50.76-196.54 µg/mL), particularly OLE/WPNs. Moreover, the preparations from the Picual variety (OLE, OLE/WPNs, and OLE/Ag-NPs) showed regulatory effects against colon cancer on treated HCT-116 cells by upregulating Cox1 expression and downregulating TNF-α expression. Consequently, OLE/WPNs and OLE/Ag-NPs could be promising for industrial applications with potential health benefits.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanopartículas del Metal , Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Plata , Olea/química , Humanos , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Células HCT116 , Hojas de la Planta/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células Vero , Chlorocebus aethiops , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula
17.
Food Res Int ; 192: 114719, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39147545

RESUMEN

Two firewood species (beech and olive) were used for grilling three meat types (lamb, pork, and veal) to assess their influence on the sensorial properties of meat. A multimethod approach was adopted, including sensory evaluation with consumers and two analytical techniques to characterize the volatile fraction (Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [SPME-GC/MS] and electronic nose [e-nose]). The sensory session included three pairwise preference tests (one for each type of meat), an overall liking test, a Rate-All-That-Apply test, and a questionnaire on the interest and perceived value of using sustainably certified firewood in food preparation. The firewood species significantly affected the perception of a few crucial attributes. In particular, olive wood increased the roasted meat flavor perception in lamb and veal, while beech wood increased the perceived intensity of a vegetable/herbaceous flavor in veal. No effect of firewood was observed on preference within each pair of meat samples. Lamb was the significantly most liked meat by consumers, followed by pork; veal was the least liked meat type. Positive and negative drivers of preference were discussed. 36 volatile organic compounds were identified from SPME-GC/MS in meats. Congruently with sensory data, the two veal samples showed a greater distance in terms of volatile composition. Relative distances among samples on maps obtained from SPME-GC/MS and the e-nose were similar. This multi-method approach innovatively showed the potential of using firewood as a 'gastronomic' tool to sensorially characterize and valorize cooked meat.


Asunto(s)
Comportamiento del Consumidor , Culinaria , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Gusto , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Madera , Animales , Humanos , Culinaria/métodos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Adulto , Masculino , Madera/química , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Porcinos , Ovinos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Microextracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Carne de Cerdo/análisis , Nariz Electrónica , Carne/análisis , Carne Roja/análisis , Olea/química , Odorantes/análisis , Preferencias Alimentarias
18.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 24(1): 297, 2024 Aug 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39123180

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although synthetic preservatives and antioxidants may have high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, they are usually associated with adverse effects on human health. Currently, there is a growing interest in natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two medicinal plant extracts and one active compound. Olive leaf extracts (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% w/v), oleuropein (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% w/v), thyme oil (0.1%), and oleuropein in combination with thyme oil (0.4% w/v and 0.1% v/v) were used against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). RESULTS: The use of oleuropein resulted in complete antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. In this context, a reduction of 7 logs was achieved during the storage period (4 weeks). Oleuropein showed no fungal activity at low concentrations (0.2%), but Aspergillus niger was reduced by 2.35 logs at higher concentrations (0.6% w/v). Similar antibacterial and antifungal properties were observed for the olive leaf extracts. Oleuropein at a concentration of 0.4 w/v and a mixture of oleuropein and thyme at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.1 (v/v) showed strong antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms. CONCLUSION: Olive leaf extract, thyme oil, and oleuropein have strong antibacterial and weak antifungal properties. There was a good synergistic effect between oleuropein and thymol.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Antifúngicos , Glucósidos Iridoides , Iridoides , Olea , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Thymus (Planta) , Thymus (Planta)/química , Glucósidos Iridoides/farmacología , Olea/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Iridoides/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aspergillus niger/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos
19.
Molecules ; 29(15)2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125022

RESUMEN

Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with healthful properties and represent one of the most abundant waste products of olive oil production. The aims of this study were to explore the phenolic composition of olive leaves from the three main Tuscan cultivars (Leccino, Moraiolo and Frantoio) collected in Siena and Grosseto provinces and to investigate the possible use of these compounds as varietal and geographic origin markers. Discriminant factorial analysis (DFA) was used for distinguishing between different cultivars and locations. Apigenin and caffeoyl-secologanoside showed significant differences between cultivars. DFA showed that ligstroside, apigenin and luteolin have the most influence in determining the differences between sites, whereas total polyphenols, olacein and hydroxytyrosol acetate allowed for separation between leaves from the same province. The results of the present study indicate that concentrations of phenolic compounds, measured through high-resolution mass spectrometry, can be used as a marker for both the cultivar and of geographical origin of olive leaves, and possibly of olive-related products, as well as across small geographic scales (less than 50 km distance between sites).


Asunto(s)
Olea , Fenoles , Hojas de la Planta , Olea/química , Olea/clasificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Italia , Polifenoles/análisis , Polifenoles/química , Biomarcadores , Geografía , Extractos Vegetales/química
20.
Molecules ; 29(15)2024 Aug 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125062

RESUMEN

This study aims to extract phenolic-enriched compounds, specifically oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol, from olive leaves using ball milling-assisted extraction (BMAE). Response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to evaluate the effects of the temperature, solvent-to-solid ratio, and milling speed on extraction recovery. The contents of the extract were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and converted to recoveries to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The optimal extraction conditions for oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol were identified. Oleuropein had a recovery of 79.0% ± 0.9% at a temperature of 56.4 °C, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 39.1 mL/g, and a milling speed of 429 rpm. Luteoloside's recovery was 74.6% ± 1.2% at 58.4 °C, 31.3 mL/g, and 328 rpm. Hydroxytyrosol achieved 43.1% ± 1.3% recovery at 51.5 °C, 32.7 mL/g, and 317 rpm. The reason for the high recoveries might be that high energy ball milling could reduce the sample size further, breaking down the cell walls of olive leaves, to enhance the mass transfer of these components from the cell to solvent. BMAE is displayed to be an efficient approach to extracting oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, which is easy to extend to industrial production.


Asunto(s)
Glucósidos Iridoides , Olea , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Olea/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Glucósidos Iridoides/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Alcohol Feniletílico/química , Alcohol Feniletílico/aislamiento & purificación , Iridoides/química , Iridoides/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masas , Solventes/química
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