Progresos y retos de la Toxicología Genética / Progress and challenges of Genetic Toxicology

Resumen: Esta revisión resume los principales avances de la citogenética y proporciona una perspectiva sobre el futuro de la toxicología genética, desde el pasado, presente y futuro, tanto desde el punto de vista genético como epigenético. Los principios de la citogenética clásica han evolucionado con el tiempo, interactuando con enfoques de toxicología para dar lugar a la toxicología genética o mutagénesis ambiental. Actualmente, están surgiendo estudios toxicogenómicos basados en estudios de toxicología genética estándar, y uno de los principales objetivos de la toxicogenómica es detectar relaciones entre cambios en la expresión génica global y criterios de valoración toxicológicos, con el fin de comprender el papel de las interacciones gen-ambiente en la enfermedad. Para alcanzar este objetivo, la toxicogenómica combina la toxicología, la genética, tecnologías de perfiles moleculares de alto rendimiento como la transcriptómica, proteómica, metabolómica y la bioinformática. En este campo, muchas limitaciones restringen el papel de los nuevos hallazgos y enfoques. Por ejemplo, el costo de las nuevas tecnologías; sin embargo, su aplicación contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de las interacciones gen-ambiente y de esta manera, establecer políticas orientadas a prevenir riesgos para la salud, para que se viva una vida más saludable en un ambiente más favorable. (AU)

This review summarizes the main advances of cytogenetic and provides a perspective on the future of genetic toxicology, reviewing from past, present, and future, both genetics and epigenetic point of view. The principles of classical cytogenetics have evolved over time, interacting with toxicology approaches to give rise to genetic toxicology or environmental mutagenesis. Currently, toxicogenomic studies are emerging based on standard genetic toxicology studies, and one major goal of toxicogenomic is to detect relationships between changes in global gene expression and toxicological endpoints, in order to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in disease. To reach this goal, toxicogenomics combines toxicology, genetic, with genomics or other high throughput molecular profiling technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. In this field, many limitations are restricting the role of the novel findings and approaches. For example, the cost of new technologies; however, its application will contribute to a better understanding of gene-environment interactions and in this way, establish policies aimed at preventing health risks, so that a healthier life is lived in a friendlier environment. (AU)

Celebrating 120 Years of Butantan Institute Contributions for Toxinology.

A hundred and twenty years ago, the Butantan Institute was founded by the Brazilian physician and scientist Vital Brazil, combining, in the same institution, medical research, and the transfer of results to society in the form of health products [...].

Jean Rodier: History of Manganism in Morocco.

Jean Rodier (1920-2003), distinguished researcher and scientist, directed the Toxicology Department of Hygiene Institute of Rabat under the French Protectorate. From 1946, he developed numerous lines of research in occupational health, in particular on Manganism, a neurological disorder that impacted miners in his home country of Morocco. His many papers on Manganism, only one of which was published in English, describe field and laboratory research studies that focused its prevention and management.

David S. Miller: Scientist, Mentor, Friend-a tribute and thank you.

David S. Miller was Acting Scientific Director of the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, and Head of the Intracellular Regulation Group in the Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology before he retired in 2016. David received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Maine in 1973. David was a Group Leader at the Michigan Cancer Foundation before joining the NIEHS in 1985. His research covered a wide range from renal excretory transport mechanisms to regulation of transporters at the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers, from fish, amphibians and birds to mammals. David was an outstanding scientist with irresistible enthusiasm for science and an incredible ability to think outside the box while being an exceptional mentor and friend.

An Interesting and Productive Research and Clinical Career.

To begin, I wish to thank the Academy of Toxicological Sciences for bestowing this honor on me. I have had a rewarding career in basic research and clinical medicine, beginning with research in high school and always planning on becoming a physician. I have had the good fortune of having outstanding mentors, wonderful parents, and a supportive and intuitive wife and family. This article provides a brief overview of some of the events of my career and individuals who have played a major role, beginning with the M.D./Ph.D. program at the University of Wisconsin, pathology residency and faculty at St. Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, a year as visiting professor at Nagoya City University, and my career at the University of Nebraska Medical Center since 1981. This could not have happened without the strong input and support from these individuals, the numerous students, residents and fellows with whom I have learned so much, and the more than 500 terrific collaborators.

Dr. Daniel Acosta and In Vitro toxicology at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's National Center for Toxicological Research.

For the past five years, Dr. Daniel Acosta has served as the Deputy Director of Research at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), a principle research laboratory of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Over his career at NCTR, Dr. Acosta has had a major impact on developing and promoting the use of in vitro assays in regulatory toxicity and product safety assessments. As Dr. Acosta nears his retirement we have dedicated this paper to his many accomplishments at the NCTR. Described within this paper are some of the in vitro studies that have been conducted under Dr. Acosta's leadership. These studies include toxicological assessments involving developmental effects, and the development and application of in vitro reproductive, heart, liver, neurological and airway cell and tissue models.

Happy 70, Archives! - our mission and vision for the years to come.

This year we turn 70! Lucky for journals, they don't get old with volumes. In our case, quite the opposite. The idea of this editorial, however, is not to look so far back but to share with you - our readers and authors - where we see Archives in the years to come.