Orientación sobre la colaboración de la comunidad y la sociedad civil para poner fin a la tuberculosis

La importancia de la participación de la comunidad y la sociedad civil para acabar con la tuberculosis se ha destacado en diversas estrategias y compromisos mundiales. La Estrategia Fin a la Tuberculosis de la OMS, alineada con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, hace hincapié en el papel de las comunidades y la sociedad civil para poner fin a la epidemia de tuberculosis para 2030. Además, la declaración política de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre la TB de 2023 destaca la necesidad de garantizar servicios de salud centrados en las personas, con una participación significativa de las comunidades en todo el espectro de la respuesta a la TB. Esta guía fue desarrollada en colaboración con la sociedad civil y otros socios, con el fin de fortalecer aún más el compromiso y aprovechar las capacidades de las comunidades y la sociedad civil en línea con la Estrategia Hacia el Fin de la TB. La orientación hace hincapié en la complementariedad de los sistemas de salud y los sistemas comunitarios; las funciones clave que deben desempeñar las personas afectadas por la TB en la planificación, la toma de decisiones, la ejecución y el seguimiento; y el papel de los ministerios de salud y sus PNCT. Subraya la importancia de una financiación justa y sostenible y de un entorno político para la participación de la comunidad y la sociedad civil. Su objetivo es orientar a las comunidades y a todas las partes interesadas del sistema sanitario para que colaboren en la erradicación de la TB y refuercen la atención centrada en las personas. Las partes interesadas en las respuestas nacionales a la TB son los ministerios de salud, otros ministerios gubernamentales, el sector privado, la sociedad civil y las comunidades afectadas, las instituciones académicas y de investigación, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las ONG.

Mental health training programs for non-health professionals and volunteers working with asylum-seekers and refugees: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the mental health training programs for non-health professionals and volunteers who work, have worked, or would work with asylum seekers and/or refugees. METHOD: Scoping review following JBI methodology. Search carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, RCAAP, ProQuest, and websites of Clinical Trials, UNHCR, International Organization for Migration, WHO, Save the Children, International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Studies written in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish and Swedish. RESULTS: Of the 8954 articles identified, 16 were included reporting on 11 training programs: Mind-Spring, PM+, MHFA, Cognitive-Behavioral Training for Community and Religious Leaders, EmpaTeach, Suicide Prevention Education Program, Teaching Recovery Techniques, Handbook for Teachers of Vietnamese Refugee Students, PFA, Psychosocial support of volunteers and CBP&MHPSS. CONCLUSION: Training programs from scientific literature focus on mental health disorders, while non-governmental organizations' documents focus on resilience and self-care. The current mental health training programs might be insufficient.

Estimation of Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Gait and Posture of Visually Impaired People Using Wearable Sensors.

In rehabilitating orientation and mobility (O&M) for visually impaired people (VIP), the measurement of spatio-temporal gait and postural parameters is of specific interest for rehabilitators to assess performance and improvements in independent mobility. In the current practice of rehabilitation worldwide, this assessment is carried out in people with estimates made visually. The objective of this research was to propose a simple architecture based on the use of wearable inertial sensors for quantitative estimation of distance traveled, step detection, gait velocity, step length and postural stability. These parameters were calculated using absolute orientation angles. Two different sensing architectures were tested for gait according to a selected biomechanical model. The validation tests included five different walking tasks. There were nine visually impaired volunteers in real-time acquisitions, where the volunteers walked indoor and outdoor distances at different gait velocities in their residences. The ground truth gait characteristics of the volunteers in five walking tasks and an assessment of the natural posture during the walking tasks are also presented in this article. One of the proposed methods was selected for presenting the lowest absolute error of the calculated parameters in all of the traveling experimentations: 45 walking tasks between 7 and 45 m representing a total of 1039 m walked and 2068 steps; the step length measurement was 4.6 ± 6.7 cm with a mean of 56 cm (11.59 Std) and 1.5 ± 1.6 relative error in step count, which compromised the distance traveled and gait velocity measurements, presenting an absolute error of 1.78 ± 1.80 m and 7.1 ± 7.2 cm/s, respectively. The results suggest that the proposed method and its architecture could be used as a tool for assistive technology designed for O&M training to assess gait parameters and/or navigation, and that a sensor placed in the dorsal area is sufficient to detect noticeable postural changes that compromise heading, inclinations and balancing in walking tasks.

Representaciones gráficas de la salud: una mirada desde los niños y niñas en desplazamiento en Medellín / Graphic Representations of Health: a Look From the Children in forced displacement in Medellín

(Figura 1) La imagen de la portada de la edición especial de pediatría hace parte de una experiencia de voluntariado social que realizo como pediatra en formación en la Fundación Posada de Moisés, una institución sin ánimo de lucro, creada en la ciudad de Medellín hace 21 años, con el objetivo social de prestar servicios de desarrollo integral a niñas, niños y adolescentes víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, sin distinción de raza, procedencia o situación económica, generando impacto en más de 200 niños desde su creación, abarcando componentes académicos, psicológicos, alimentarios, pero el más importante la integración social por medio del amor y apoyo constante.

(Figure 1) The image on the cover of the Pediatrics special edition is part of a social volunteering experience that I carried out as a Pediatrics Resident at the Posada de Moisés Foundation, a non-profit institution, created in Medellín 21 years ago, with the social objective of providing integral development services to children and adolescents who are victims of forced displacement in Colombia, without distinction of race, origin or economic situation, generating an impact on more than 200 children since its creation, in academic, psychological, food scopes, but most important, in social integration through love and constant support.

Involvement of Human Volunteers in the Development and Evaluation of Wearable Devices Designed to Improve Medication Adherence: A Scoping Review.

Wearable devices designed to improve medication adherence can emit audible and vibrating alerts or send text messages to users. However, there is little information on the validation of these technologies. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the involvement of human volunteers in the development and evaluation of wearable devices. A literature search was conducted using six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) up to March 2020. A total of 7087 records were identified, and nine studies were included. The wearable technologies most investigated were smartwatches (n = 3), patches (n = 3), wristbands (n = 2), and neckwear (n = 1). The studies involving human volunteers were categorized into idea validation (n = 4); prototype validation (n = 5); and product validation (n = 1). One of them involved human volunteers in idea and prototype validation. A total of 782 participants, ranging from 6 to 252, were included. Only five articles reported prior approval by a research ethics committee. Most studies revealed fragile methodological designs, a lack of a control group, a small number of volunteers, and a short follow-up time. Product validation is essential for regulatory approval and encompasses the assessment of the effectiveness, safety, and performance of a wearable device. Studies with greater methodological rigor and the involvement of human volunteers can contribute to the improvement of the process before making them available on the market.

The iNaturalist platform as a source of data to study amphibians in Brazil.

Based on debilitating recent budget cuts for science, Brazilian researchers had to find alternative ways to continue scientific production. Here we provide a perspective for the use of citizen-science data deposited in the iNaturalist platform as an alternative source of data to support biodiversity research. Observations contributed by volunteers can be analyzed at large spatial and temporal scales and can respond to questions in behavioral and population ecology. We analyzed this potential through the example of Brazilian amphibians, a group that is less studied worldwide than birds. In fact, to our knowledge, only two studies have been published that are based on citizen-science data for Brazilian amphibians. At the time of writing, the iNaturalist platform has over 14,800 research grade observations from Brazil, representing 698 species, a number increasing daily. Compared to other species-rich countries, volunteer-collected datasets from Brazil cover a relatively high taxonomic diversity (61%), providing a plethora of valuable data. Despite this potential, there are large spatial gaps in sampling in Brazil. Here we encourage established and budding herpetologists not only to use the platform to retrieve data, but also to contribute to iNaturalist actively, with new observations, as well as by identifying species in existing records.

The effect of volunteer-led activities on the quality of life of volunteers, residents, and employees of a long-term care institution: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic primarily impacted long-term care facilities by restricting visiting and circulation of visitors, affecting the quality of life (QoL) of older adults living in these institutions. Volunteer activities, essential for older adults' daily life, were also interrupted and potentially negatively impacted the QoL of older adults, volunteers themselves, and also employees in these institutions. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the impact of the return of volunteer-led activities in a long-term care institution on the QoL of older adult residents, employees, and volunteers. METHODS: This study used a pre-test and post-test design within the same group. The first round of data collection was conducted before volunteer-led activities returned and the second round after 1 month of return. The instrument used to assess QoL was the EUROHIS-QoL-8 scale. This study was conducted within a nursing home in São Paulo, Brazil, created in 1937 by members of the Israeli community living in Brazil. Volunteer-led activities were part of residents' daily life before the COVID-19 pandemic, when these activities were interrupted for about 20 months. A total of 79 individuals participated in both rounds (pre and post), of which: 29 residents, 27 volunteers, and 23 employees of the long-term care institution. RESULTS: Using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the analyses indicated improvements after the 1 month return in different QoL aspects for the three groups. Volunteers improved their personal relationships (Z - 2.332, p < .05), residents their overall health (Z - 2.409, p < .05) and employees in their overall QoL perception (Z - 2.714, p < .05). Influencing factors for residents were the number of activities (3 or more), gender (male), and education (undergraduate/graduate). For employees, those who assumed additional activities due to the volunteer-led activities interruption had a significant impact on their overall QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this study suggests that volunteers' return positively impacted different QoL aspects for volunteers, residents, and employees.

Facilitators of peer leader retention within a Type 2 diabetes intervention trial for US Latinos/Hispanics of Mexican origin.

Peer support is effective in improving self-management behaviors and health outcomes among individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Volunteer peer support programs offer a cost-effective resource for diabetes self-management support; however, factors affecting the retention of volunteer peer leaders remain understudied. Herein, we examined factors associated with volunteer retention and satisfaction among 34 predominantly Mexican-origin peer leaders who assisted patients from a Federally Qualified Health Center located on the US/Mexico border with their diabetes management. Peer leaders completed surveys with open- and close-ended questions at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses were guided by the Volunteer Process Model. Using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, self-efficacy as a peer leader at 6 months was most associated with interest to continue volunteering (P = 0.01), and satisfaction with support from the program at 12 months was most associated with interest to continue volunteering (P = 0.01). The qualitative data indicated that the relationship between the peer leaders and their patients was the primary factor for a satisfying volunteer experience. Future research should focus on increasing peer leaders' self-efficacy and satisfaction with program support and examine how organizations can support the development of the patient-peer relationship. Practitioners should consider appealing to volunteer peers' motivations to promote their retention.

Option or necessity: Role of environmental education as transformative change agent.

There is a consensus around the importance of environmental education in mitigating the ill effects of environmental problems and preserving the natural environment and promoting green behaviours. The present paper studies the role of environmental education based on transformative learning theory. It intends to present and test a model proposal using sequential mediation analysis of several constructs as the Environmental Education Support (EES) and Volunteer Attitude (VA). A quantitative study was carried out by using data obtained through online questionnaires from several Indian and Brazilian Higher Education Institutions. A multivariate statistical method was employed to analyse the data by using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results demonstrated that environmental education positively influences students' environmental concern, willingness to be environmentally friendly, and volunteer attitude. As a novelty, it reports that environmental education beliefs, concern for the environment and willingness to be environmentally friendly sequentially mediate the relationship between environmental education support and volunteering attitude.

Dissecação anatômica como estratégia para o estudo do sistema neural em fetos humanos / Anatomic dissection as a strategy for the study of the neural system in fetuses / Disección anatómica como estrategia para el estudio del sistema neural en fetos

Esse trabalho busca relatar o processo de confecção de peças anatômicas para o ensino da anatomia humana a partir de material cadavérico fetal. Os discentes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) ­ Campus Toledo participaram do programa de voluntariado acadêmico e deram atenção especial aos aspectos técnicos do processo de dissecação, bem como a experiência subjetiva desse procedimento como ferramenta de aprendizado ativo. O procedimento foi realizado na sala de preparação de cadáver da UFPR ­ Campus Toledo, utilizando instrumental de dissecação e cadáveres humanos fetais com 20, 17 e 14 semanas de idade gestacional, direcionado de modo a expor as partes constituintes do sistema neural. Foram confeccionadas peças de cérebro, cerebelo, tronco encefálico, medula espinal, nervos espinais e suas estruturas associadas. Os voluntários envolvidos foram capazes de produzir material de estudo de qualidade através da dissecação e fortalecer seu conhecimento em anatomia humana e aptidão manual. Também foi dada atenção à importância e às limitações do processo de dissecação como estratégia de aprendizado em cursos da área de saúde. pôde ser observado que a dissecação pode fazer parte de uma formação completa e bem estruturada dos discentes, que por sua vez irão integrar a sociedade e a academia. Além disso, a exposição da topografia neural fetal pode servir de referencial para posteriores estudos que venham a utilizar essas informações.

This work aims to report the confection process of anatomic pieces for teaching human anatomy from fetal cadaveric material. The students of the medicine course of Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) ­ Campus Toledo, took part in the academic volunteer program and paid special attention to the technical aspects of the dissection process, as well as the subjective experience of this procedure as an active learning tool. The procedure was performed at the cadaver preparation room of the UFPR ­ Campus Toledo, using dissection tools and human fetal corpses of 20, 17 and 14 weeks of gestational ages, directed so as to expose the constituent parts of the neural system. Pieces of the brain, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and its associated structures were made. The involved voluntaries were able to produce quality study material through dissection, and strengthen their knowledge in human anatomy and manual skill. Attention was also given to the importance and limitations of the dissection process as a learning strategy in health courses. it was observed that dissection can be part of a complete and well-structured training of students, who in turn will integrate society and academia. In addition, the exposure of fetal neural topography can serve as a reference for further studies that use this information

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el proceso de confección de piezas anatómicas para la enseñanza de la anatomía humana a partir de material cadavérico fetal. Los alumnos del curso de medicina de la Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Campus Toledo, participaron del programa de voluntariado académico y prestaron especial atención a los aspectos técnicos del proceso de disección, así como a la vivencia subjetiva de este procedimiento como herramienta de aprendizaje activo. El procedimiento fue realizado en la sala de preparación de cadáveres de la UFPR - Campus Toledo, utilizando herramientas de disección y cadáveres de fetos humanos de 20, 17 y 14 semanas de edad gestacional, dirigidos de forma a exponer las partes constitutivas del sistema neural. Se realizaron piezas del cerebro, cerebelo, tronco encefálico, médula espinal, nervios espinales y sus estructuras asociadas. Los voluntarios participantes pudieron elaborar material de estudio de calidad mediante la disección y reforzar sus conocimientos de anatomía humana y habilidad manual. También se prestó atención a la importancia y las limitaciones del proceso de disección como estrategia de aprendizaje en los cursos de salud. Se observó que la disección puede formar parte de una formación completa y bien estructurada de los estudiantes, que a su vez integrarán la sociedad y el mundo académico. Además, la exposición de la topografía neural fetal puede servir de referencia para estudios posteriores que utilicen esta información.

Dietary intake of anthocyanins improves arterial stiffness, but not endothelial function, in volunteers with excess weight: A randomized clinical trial.

Excess body weight has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. Foods rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins such as açaí-juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit may have protective vascular effects. Thus, we examined the effect of dietary intake of anthocyanins (açaí-juçara fruit) on endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) in individuals with excess body weight. Fifty-five individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized into non-anthocyanin (N-ATH, n = 25) or anthocyanin (ATH, n = 30) intake groups. A 12-week individualized diet plan (20% reduction in total energy intake) was prescribed and included daily intake of açaí-juçara 200 g (anthocyanins 293.6 mg) in the ATH diet plan. We evaluated anthropometric and biochemical parameters, FMD, PWV, and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). A GEE (Bonferroni post-hoc) was used (p ≤ 0.05). No change in FMD was observed. However, PWV showed a reduction from baseline in the ATH (p = 0.002) and vs. N-ATH (p = 0.036). Both groups showed reduced peripheral vascular resistance (N-ATH, p = 0.005; ATH, p = 0.040) with no significant differences between them. In conclusion, dietary intake of anthocyanins proved effective in protecting against arterial stiffness (by PWV) in individuals with excess weight. PVR was reduced in both diet groups regardless of dietary intake of anthocyanins.

Prosocial behaviour axioms and values: Influence of gender and volunteering

Abstract To promote prosocial behaviour, in the present study, we observed the human values that may predict it within the realms of the transcendental views of life, society's shared culture and the world of personal and interpersonal affections. To do this, we started with two hypotheses: (1) prosocial behaviour differs according to gender and participation in volunteering; and (2) the variables of transcendental values, cultural development, affective development, gender and participation in volunteering predict prosocial behaviour. To do so, we conducted a quantitative study based on the cross-sectional, social analytical-empirical research method. We used a validated instrument with a large sample of 1,712 individuals living in the multicultural context of the Spanish city of Melilla, located in North Africa and one of only two land borders between Europe and Morocco. Values that could promote prosocial behaviour were grouped into four dimensions to locate relevant factors that helped identify which values are linked to specific actions, both formal and informal, through an inferential analysis focusing on regression and multivariate analysis of variance. Our findings highlighted the linkage of the transcendent dimension of the individual in relation to his or her level of prosocial behaviour and the role of women as socialising agents.

Psicologia e diabetes no Brasil: um mapeamento de profissionais e de suas ações / Psychology and diabetes in Brazil: the mapping of professionals and their practices / Psicología y diabetes en Brasil: un mapeo de los profesionales y sus acciones

Pouco se sabe sobre a atuação do psicólogo no Brasil junto a pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os psicólogos brasileiros que trabalham com essa população e suas ações. Foram convidados a responder a um questionário online psicólogos que atuam ou atuaram junto a pessoas com diabetes. Participaram 79 psicólogos, principalmente da região Sudeste (59,5%). Todos declararam que haviam cursado pósgraduação. Na amostra, predominou o gênero feminino (89,9%), com idade entre 26 e 40 anos (46,8%). A maioria dos que atuam com diabetes declarou-se autônoma ou voluntária, e quase metade trabalhava menos do que 10 horas semanais. Entre aqueles que deixaram de trabalhar com diabetes, apenas uma minoria tinha vínculo empregatício. Além do trabalho com pessoas com diabetes, a maior parte declarou exercer outras atividades profissionais, como atendimentos clínicos em consultórios particulares, sugerindo que esta não é a atividade principal. Majoritariamente, os respondentes declararam não ter conhecimentos suficientes para o atendimento específico às pessoas com diabetes. Discute-se a qualidade da formação profissional dos psicólogos no Brasil, a necessidade de aprimoramento em relação à atuação com pessoas com diabetes e as condições de trabalho.(AU)

Little is known about the practice of psychologists in Brazil caring for people with Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this research was to identify the Brazilian psychologists who work with this population and describe their actions. Psychologists who work or have worked with people diagnosed with diabetes were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The 79 participants lived mainly in the Southeast Region (59.5%). All of them declared to have a graduate degree, most were female (89.9%), aged 26 to 40 years (46.8%). Most of those working with diabetes declared to be autonomous or voluntary, and almost half had a workload of less than 10 hours a week. Among those who stopped working with diabetes, only a minority had a formal employment contract. In addition, most of them stated that they had other professional activities related to clinical care in private offices, suggesting that working with diabetes is not their main activity. Mostly, respondents stated that they did not have enough knowledge to care for people with diabetes. The quality of professional education of psychologists in Brazil, the need for specific improvement in labor relations and conditions were discussed.(AU)

Son escasas las informaciones del trabajo de los psicólogos en Brasil con las personas con Diabetes Mellitus. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los psicólogos brasileños que trabajan con esta población y describir sus acciones. Se invitó a psicólogos que trabajan o hayan trabajado con personas con diabetes a responder un cuestionario en línea. Participaron 79 psicólogos, principalmente de la región Sureste de Brasil (59,5%). Todos declararon tener posgrado. En la muestra hubo una mayor prevalencia del género femenino (89,9%), de edades de entre 26 y 40 años (46,8%). La mayoría de los que trabajan con personas con diabetes se declararon autónomos o voluntarios, y casi la mitad trabajaba menos de 10 horas a la semana. Entre los que dejaron de trabajar con las personas con diabetes, solo una minoría tenía una relación laboral. Además de trabajar con personas con diabetes, la mayoría afirmó tener otras actividades profesionales, como la atención clínica en consultorios privados, lo que sugiere que esta no es su actividad principal. La mayoría de los encuestados afirmaron que no tenían los conocimientos suficientes para atender específicamente a las personas con diabetes. Se discuten la calidad de la formación profesional de los psicólogos en Brasil, la necesidad de mejora en relación con el trabajo con personas con diabetes y las condiciones laborales.(AU)

Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels: from validation of the method to analysis in volunteers diagnosed to migraine

Deficiency of serum magnesium is associated with the incidence of migraine attacks. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels in a group of patients diagnosed with migraine. Human donors were selected from basic health units (migraine, n = 25) and from a collection and transfusion unit (control, n = 25), both located in the city of Sinop, Brazil. Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were assessed using flame atomic absorption. Plasma magnesium concentration was significantly lower in the migraine group (0.172 ± 0.018) compared to the control group (0.197 ± 0.020 mg/L), and erythrocyte magnesium concentration was also lower in the migraine group (0.393 ± 0.053 mg/L) compared to the control group (0.432 ± 0.056 mg/L). The method for analysis of magnesium in human plasma and erythrocytes by flame atomic absorption was shown to be in accordance with validation guidelines. This study shows that plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly lower in volunteers diagnosed with migraine compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, erythrocyte magnesium proved to be a better marker than plasma magnesium for patients with migraine.

A Qualitative Study Assessing Haitian Pediatric Nursing Educational Needs in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

After Port-au-Prince's 2010 earthquake, Hospital Bernard Mevs (HBM) developed a collaboration with international medical volunteers to provide clinical care and medical resources; that evolved to include medical education as local Haitian staffing developed. There has been limited coordination among volunteers and local providers about ways in which volunteers can best serve the hospital, and literature that addresses how to coordinate volunteer efforts to support the educational needs of the local nursing staff is scant. Our objectives were to complete an educational needs assessment of the most common diagnoses encountered, requested topics for education, and preferred learning modalities as reported by Haitian pediatric nurses, and categorize the strengths of HBM and barriers to care to understand more fully the context within which nurses function, and how education and international volunteers may be related. In October 2019, 10 HBM pediatric nurses participated in small-group interviews. Questions were based on an interview guide and responses were coded and analyzed for recurring themes. The most common diagnoses were sepsis, hydrocephalus, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Topics for review included chest tubes, ventilator management, and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Preferred learning modalities were didactics and hands-on workshops. Strengths of the hospital were team dynamics and education provided by HBM and international volunteers, whereas the most common barrier to care was lack of clinical supplies. This information is useful to guide future educational interventions, and this model may inform other programs with a volunteer presence in resource-limited settings to promote collaboration and self-directed learning.

Moral distress experienced by online suicide prevention volunteers: qualitative research / La angustia moral experimentada por los voluntarios de la prevención del suicidio en línea: investigación cualitativa / Stress moral experimentado por voluntários de prevenção de suicídio online

Abstract: Background: With the increasing number of internet users, it becomes feasible to identify individuals at high risk of suicide and then carry out online suicide prevention. At the same time, online suicide prevention volunteers may encounter moral distress, which requires more attention. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of moral distress in online suicide prevention. Method: The study was carried out as a qualitative study following the method of phenomenology. 11 interviewers were recruited through the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological framework was used for data analysis. Results: All participants reported they encountered moral distress during online suicide prevention. Four themes were condensed, including: "constraints from the surrounding," "be cruel to be kind," "baby spoiled by free milk," and "when face death and depression" Participants also described their emotional experiences and response when they encountered moral distress. Conclusion: Moral distress in the process of online suicide prevention exists. More attention should be paid to the moral distress and ethical issues in online suicide prevention as the internet gradually becomes a brand-new way to prevent suicide.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Con el creciente número de usuarios de Internet, es posible identificar a las personas con alto riesgo de suicidio y llevar a cabo la prevención del suicidio en línea. Al mismo tiempo, los voluntarios de esta prevención pueden encontrarse con angustia moral, lo que requiere más atención. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la experiencia de la angustia moral en la prevención del suicidio en línea. Método: El estudio se llevó a cabo como un estudio cualitativo siguiendo el método de la fenomenología. Se reclutó a 11 entrevistadores mediante el método de muestreo intencional. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad, cara a cara. Se utilizó el marco fenomenológico de Colaizzi para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: Todos los participantes informaron que habían encontrado angustia moral durante la prevención del suicidio en línea. Se condensaron cuatro temas, a saber: "limitaciones del entorno", "ser cruel para ser amable", "bebé mimado por la leche gratis" y "cuando se enfrenta a la muerte y la depresión". Los participantes también describieron sus experiencias emocionales y su respuesta cuando se encontraron con la angustia moral. Conclusión: La angustia moral en este proceso existe. Hay que prestar más atención a la angustia moral y a las cuestiones éticas en la prevención del suicidio en línea, ya que Internet se convierte gradualmente en una nueva forma de prevenir el suicidio.

Resumo: Antecedentes: Com o crescente número de usuário de internet, torna-se viável identificar indivíduos com alto risco de suicídio e então conduzir prevenção de suicídio online. Ao mesmo tempo, voluntários de prevenção de suicídio online podem enfrentar stress moral, o qual requer mais atenção. Proposta: Esse estudo objetiva explorar a experiência de stress moral em prevenção de suicídio online. Método: O estudo foi conduzido como um estudo qualitativo seguindo o método da fenomenologia. Foram recrutados 11 entrevistados do método de amostragem intencional. Foram coletados dados através de entrevistas face a face, semiestruturadas e em profundidade. O referencial fenomenológico de Colaizzi foi utilizado para análise dos dados. Resultados: Todos os participantes relataram terem experimentado stress moral durante a prevenção de suicídio online. Quatro temas foram condensados: "limitações do ambiente", "ser cruel para ser gentil", "bebê mimado com leite gratuito" e "quando encarando a morte e a depressão". Os participantes também descreveram suas experiências emocionais e respostas quando enfrentaram stress moral. Conclusão: Stress moral no processo de prevenção de suicídio online existe. Mais atenção deve ser dada ao stress moral e aspectos éticos em prevenção de suicídio online na medida em que a internet se torna gradualmente uma maneira totalmente nova de prevenção de suicídio.

Effect of Consuming Beef with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions as a Major Source of Protein in Volunteers under a Personalized Nutritional Program.

Beef is an excellent source of nutrients; unfortunately, most nutritional recommendations suggest limiting or even avoiding it. Studies have shown that the fatty acid composition of meat influences weight loss. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the anthropometric and serum lipid changes after a food intervention that included frequent beef consumption (120 g consumed four days/week for four weeks). Volunteers were randomly assigned to the commercial or Wagyu-Cross beef groups, with the latter beef possessing higher fat and MUFA contents. Both groups exhibited reductions in body measurements and lipid profiles; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited greater changes in weight (-3.75 vs. -2.90 kg) and BMI (-1.49 vs. -1.03) than the commercial group, without a significant difference between them. No significant group differences in lipid profiles were observed; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited a more favorable change in decreasing the TC concentration (-7.00 mg/dL) and LDL-C concentration (-12.5 mg/dL). We suggest that high MUFA beef could be included in weight-loss programs since it does not affect weight loss and hasn't a negative influence on lipid metabolism.

Motivação para o trabalho voluntário: proposição de um modelo compreensivo / Motivación para el trabajo voluntario: propuesta de un modelo integral / Motivation for Volunteer Work: Proposition of a Comprehensive Model

No Brasil, estudos sobre a motivação para o trabalho voluntário e suas nuances permanecem escassos, enquanto no exterior identificase uma dificuldade para o consenso teórico. Adicionalmente, os estudos existentes, com frequência, não ponderam sobre os diferentes tipos de trabalho voluntário, as diferenças sociodemográficas e a importância das variáveis culturais de cada país. Logo, este estudo analisou as motivações para o voluntariado de 150 trabalhadores brasileiros, de diferentes organizações e com variadas características demográficas, objetivando propor um modelo compreensivo que refletisse tanto as peculiaridades da realidade nacional, quanto as recomendações da literatura internacional. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, através do softwareiramuteq, que apresentou 5 possíveis classes lexicais ou tipos de motivação para o trabalho voluntário: religiosa, fraternal, altruísta, transformadora e pessoal. Dessa forma, esperase gerar subsídios para o aumento da compreensão sobre o trabalho voluntário no Brasil, contribuindo para o aprimoramento de políticas de atração, manutenção e avaliação de sua qualidade.

En Brasil los estudios sobre la motivación para el trabajo voluntario y sus matices siguen siendo escasos, mientras que en el extranjero se identifica una dificultad para el consenso teórico. Además, los estudios existentes a menudo no consideran los diferentes tipos de trabajo voluntario, las diferencias sociodemográficas y la importancia de las variables culturales en cada país. De ese modo, este estudio analizó las motivaciones para el voluntariado de 150 trabajadores brasileños, de diferentes organizaciones y con características demográficas variadas, con el objetivo de proponer un modelo integrado que reflejara tanto las peculiaridades de la realidad nacional como las recomendaciones de la literatura internacional. Los datos se analizaron cualitativamente a través del software iramuteq, que pre-sentó cinco posibles clases léxicas o tipos de motivación para el trabajo voluntario: religioso, fraterno, altruista, transformador y personal. Por lo tanto, se espera ayudar a aumentar la comprensión del trabajo voluntario en Brasil, contribuyendo a la mejora de las políticas para atraer y mantener personas, y evaluar la calidad de los programas .

In Brazil, studies on the motivation for voluntary work and its nuances remain scarce. Abroad, there are difficulties for a theoretical consensus. In addition, existing studies often do not consider the different types of volunteer work, the sociodemographic differences, and the importance of cultural variables in each coun-try. Therefore, this study analyzed the motivations for volunteering of 150 Brazilian workers from different organizations and diverse demographic characteris-tics, aiming to propose a comprehensive model that reflected both the national reality's peculiarities and the recommendations from the international literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the iramuteqsoftware, which presented five possible lexical classes or types of motivation for voluntary work: religious, fraternal, altruistic, transformative, and personal. Thus, it is expected to help increase the understanding of volun-teer work in Brazil, contributing to the improvement of policies aimed at attracting and maintaining volunteers, and evaluate the quality of the programs.