Relationship among micro-pollutants, economic growth, renewable energy, nanotechnology and ecological foot prints of China: evidence from panel data analysis.

An important concern is the availability of clean drinking water, which is an essential need for human survival. This issue arises due to the existence of hazardous micropollutants originating from various emission sources. Nanotechnology aids in the mitigation of micropollutants by assimilating and counteracting their effects, hence diminishing their influence on water and other ecosystems. The study investigates the relationship between nanotechnological progress, the adoption of renewable energy, environmental consequences, and economic growth in China, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory as a conceptual framework. The study employs panel cointegration tests to analyze structural breaks from 2000 to 2020. Nanotechnology is expected to reduce environmental degradation and the presence of micro-pollutants by increasing the use of renewable energy and promoting energy conservation. Nanotechnology is crucial for mitigating micro-pollutants and advancing sustainable development in this specific context. However, the literature also highlights the harmful consequences of nanoparticle emissions caused by nanotechnology on human and environmental health for a long duration, requiring more examination. This research is the first empirical inquiry into the relationship between improvements in nanotechnology, the use of renewable energy, economic growth, and ecological effect, all within the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory. The results confirm the successful incorporation of all components with a focus on long-term outcomes. The findings suggest that the EKC hypothesis is relevant in China. In China, advancements in nanotechnology have a moderating effect on environmental degradation. The use of renewable energy sources in China enhances environmental circumstances. Given the offered empirical evidence, it is advisable for the government to have a leading role in the development of innovative nanotechnologies that have low emissions of nanoparticles. By using this approach, it will be possible to encourage the conservation of energy and the use of renewable sources in a more secure way, hence improving the effectiveness of sustainable development initiatives.

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose fibers modified zinc phosphate/hydroxyapatite core-shell as enhanced carrier of cisplatin: Loading, release, and cytotoxicity.

The uncontrolled administration of the cisplatin drug (CPTN) resulted in numerous drawbacks. Therefore, effective, affordable, and biocompatible delivery systems were suggested to regulate the loading, release, and therapeutic effect of CPTN. Zinc phosphate/hydroxyapatite hybrid form (ZP/HP) and core-shell nano-rod morphology, as well as its functionalized derivative with cellulose (CF@ZP/HP), were synthesized by the facile dissolution precipitation method followed by mixing with cellulose fibers, respectively. The developed CF@ZP/HP displayed remarkable enhanced CPTN loading properties (418.2 mg/g) as compared to ZP/HP (259.8 mg/g). The CPTN loading behaviors into CF@ZP/HP follow the Langmuir isotherm properties (R2 > 0.98) in addition to the kinetic activities of the pseudo-first-order model (R2 > 0.96). The steric assessment validates the notable increase in the existing loading receptors after the functionalization of ZP/HP with CF from 57.7 mg/g (ZP/HP) to 90.5 mg/g. The functionalization also impacted the capacity of each existing receptor to be able to ensure 5 CPTN molecules. This, in addition to the loading energies (<40 kJ/mol), donates the loading of CPTN by physical multi-molecular processes and in vertical orientation. The CPTN releasing patterns of CF@ZP/HP exhibit slow and controlled properties (95.7 % after 200 h at pH 7.4 and 100 % after 120 h at pH 5.5), but faster than the properties of ZP/HP. The kinetic modeling of the release activities together with the diffusion exponent (>0.45) reflected the release of CPTN according to both erosion and diffusion mechanisms. The loading of CPTN into both ZP/HP and CF@ZP/HP also resulted in a marked enhancement in the anticancer activity of CPTN against human cervical epithelial malignancies (HeLa) (cell viability = 5.6 % (CPTN), 3.2 % (CPTN loaded ZP/HP), and 1.12 % (CPTN loaded CF@ZP/HP)).

Impact of adding zeolite to broilers' diet and litter on growth, blood parameters, immunity, and ammonia emission.

This work was designed to assess the impact of varying zeolite concentrations in diet and litter to enhance broiler's growth performance, immunity, and litter quality. A complete random arrangement was used for distributing 525 unsexed "Cobb 500" broiler chicks into seven treatments (75 chick / treatment), each treatment divided into 3 replicates (25 chicks / replicate). The 1st group (control one) received the recommended basal diet. Zeolite has been introduced to the basal diet (ZD) of the second, third, and fourth groups at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. The 5th, 6th and 7th groups used zeolite mixed with litter (ZL) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/m2 of litter, respectively. Due to the obtained results, adding zeolite with levels 15 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1 m2 of litter, a significant improvement occurred in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Also, transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST), creatinine, white blood cells (WBCs) and different Immunoglobulins were significantly increased with different zeolite levels, except urea concentrations which showed reduced due to different zeolite treatments. In addition, spleen relative weight hasn't been affected by zeolite treatments, even though thymus and bursa relative weights had been affected significantly. Moreover, the antibodies' production to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian influenza virus (AIV) had increased significantly with adding zeolite with levels 10 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1m2 of litter. Litter quality traits (NH3 concentration, pH values, and Moisture content) were improved with zeolite addition. So, zeolite could be employed in both feed and litter of broilers to maximize their production, immunity and improve farm's climate.

Correction: Characterization of chitosan- and ß-cyclodextrin-modified forms of magnesium-doped hydroxyapatites as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin: loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA02144D.].

Transforming bio-waste lignin into amine functionalized carbon quantum dots for selective detection of trace Cu2+ in aqueous system.

Developing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from bio-waste lignin for effectively detecting Cu2+ is of great significance for promoting the value-added utilization of lignin resources. However, the limited amount of surface-active groups and low quantum yield of lignin-based CQDs hinder their application in this regard. Herein, bio-waste lignin was converted into value-added amine functionalized CQDs using a facile two-step hydrothermal approach. The as-synthesized CQDs modified with amino groups exhibit bright green fluorescence, abundant surface functional groups, high water solubility and uniform particle size (3.9 nm). Systematic analysis demonstrates that the rich NH2 groups (~12.3 %) on the CQDs backbone improve their fluorescence properties (quantum yield increased from 3.4 % to 21.1 %) and specific detection ability for Cu2+. The developed NH2-CQDs serve as an efficient fluorescent probe, displaying high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu2+ in aqueous system, with a detection limit of 2.42 µmol/L, which is lower than the maximum permitted amount of Cu2+ in drinking water (20 µmol/L). The detection mechanism of NH2-CQDs for Cu2+ is attributed to the synergy of static quenching and photo-induced electron transfer. This study provides a valuable reference for the synthesis of high-quality fluorescent CQDs from lignin resources and the effective detection of trace Cu2+ in aquatic environments.

Effects of immersing Japanese quail eggs in various doses of riboflavin on reproductive, growth performance traits, blood indices and economics.

This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of immersion (IM) riboflavin treatment on the hatchability, production efficiency, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. A total of 260 eggs of Japanese quail birds were used for hatching and were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates (13 eggs/replicate) in a fully randomized design. Hatching eggs were immersed in riboflavin for 2 min before incubation. The experiment treatments were designed as follows: G1 control group with no treatment, G2 treated with 3 g/L vit. B2 (IM), G3 treated with 4 g/L vit. B2 (IM) and G4 were treated with 5 g/L vit. B2 (IM). After hatching, 128 Japanese quail chicks, aged 7 d, were randomly grouped into 4 treatment groups, with 32 birds in each group. When quails were given vitamin B2 via immersion, they demonstrated significant enhancements in live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio at different stages compared to the control group. Compared to control and other groups, the carcass parameters of Japanese quails given a 4 g/L immersion solution showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05). Hatchability and fertility (%) were considerably raised by Vit.B2 treatments of 3, 4, and 5g; the group immersed in 5 g/L had the highest percentages compared to the other groups. Furthermore, treated chickens with all concentrations of vitamin B2 had significantly higher blood indices than the controls. During the exploratory phase (1-6 wk) of age, the highest returns were reported in G4 treated with 5g/L vit. B2 (IM). Treating Japanese quail eggs with different dosages of vitamin B2 by immersion may be recommended to improve their productive and reproductive performance, blood indices, carcass traits, and economic efficiency.

Characterization of chitosan- and ß-cyclodextrin-modified forms of magnesium-doped hydroxyapatites as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin: loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties.

An advanced form of magnesium-rich hydroxyapatite (Mg·HAP) was modified with two types of biopolymers, namely chitosan (CH/Mg·HAP) and ß-cyclodextrin (CD/Mg·HAP), producing two types of bio-composites. The synthesized materials were developed as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin to control its loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties. The polymeric modification significantly improved the loading efficiency to 281.4 mg g-1 for CH/Mg·HAP and 332.4 mg g-1 for CD/Mg·HAP compared with 218.3 mg g-1 for Mg·HAP. The loading behaviors were determined using conventional kinetic and isotherm models and mathematical parameters of new equilibrium models (the monolayer model of one energy). The estimated density of effective loading sites (Nm (LVX) = 88.03 mg g-1 (Mg·HAP), 115.8 mg g-1 (CH/Mg·HAP), and 138.5 mg g-1 (CD/Mg·HAP)) illustrates the markedly higher loading performance of the modified forms of Mg·HAP. Moreover, the loading energies (<40 kJ mol-1) in conjunction with the capacity of each loading site (n > 1) and Gaussian energies (<8 kJ mol-1) signify the physical trapping of LVX molecules in vertical orientation. The addressed materials validate prolonged and continuous release behaviors. These behaviors accelerated after the modification procedures, as the complete release was identified after 160 h (CH/Mg·HAP) and 200 h (CD/Mg·HAP). The releasing behaviors are regulated by both diffusion and erosion mechanisms, according to the kinetic investigations and diffusion exponent analysis (>0.45). The entrapping of LVX into Mg·HAP induces its anti-inflammatory properties against the generation of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in human bronchial epithelia cells (NL20), and this effect displays further enhancement after the integration of chitosan and ß-cyclodextrin.

Does the marketing age impact growth performance, carcass traits, economic feasibility and hemato-biochemical properties of genetically-modified quails?

The meat of the quail is one of the most delicious types, as it is rich in minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin K, which is useful in treating nervous diseases. In the present investigation, based on their live body weight, 270 genetically-enhanced white quail chicks of mixed sex were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each with 90 chicks. The first group's birds were slaughtered at 28 d of age. The birds in the second group were slaughtered at 31 d, and the birds in the third group were slaughtered at 34 d. Results showed no significant difference between the various groups in the overall mortality rate index at the end of each fattening stage (P > 0.05). There were substantial variations (P ≤ 0.05) in the average live weight index between the first and both groups at each group's marketing age. With increasing marketing age, body weight increases. Quail chicks raised for 34 d received the lowest EPEF (28.90 points), followed by those raised for 31 d and 28 d, which received 33.37 and 37.32 points, respectively. The economic feasibility of the 3 groups, no significant differences in the profit index were observed at the age of 28 d. Compared to the marketing age of the other 2 groups, it was noted that the profit index decreased as the birds advanced in age. Delaying marketing to 31 d leads to a decrease in profit by 5.7%, and delaying marketing to 34 d reduces the profit index to 26.36% compared to marketing at 28 d. For blood hematology parameters, a significant increase in the studied indicators with the age of the birds was observed through the study of blood indicators. Still, it did not reach the significance level. It could be concluded that 28 d is the ideal marketing age for the enhanced white quails, as it yielded the highest economic return and the best performance.

Performance and economic efficiency of laying hens in response to adding zeolite to feed and litter.

This study investigated the effect of different levels of zeolite in laying hen (Silver Montazah) diet and litter on productive performance, egg quality criteria, and economics during the second stage of production (40-56 wk of age). An experiment with a 3 × 4 factorial design was performed to study the effects of four levels of zeolite (0, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg feed) in the diet and three levels of zeolite (0, 1.5, and 2 kg/m2) in the litter. Adding zeolite to diet and litter significantly improved final BW and BW change, egg number, egg weight, egg mass, laying rate, feed consumption (FC), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as egg quality criteria when compared to the unsupplemented group. Additionally, adding zeolite at a level of 2 kg /m2 litter and 20 g/kg diet achieved the greatest enhancement in productive performance features. Therefore, it can be suggested that the greatest results were obtained in laying farms when zeolite was added as a litter addition and as a supplement to feed.

Impact of packaging atmosphere, oregano essential oil, and storage temperature on cold-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium on ready-to-eat smoked turkey.

The hazard of diseases created by S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium is relatively high in turkey meat products. Combinations of preservation methods are utilized in many strategies, such as mild heat with decreased water activity, a changed atmosphere, refrigerated storage, and decreased heat treatment with some acidification. Within the domain of ready-to-eat food technology, a range of preservation methods are typically utilized to enhance shelf life, such as applying mild heat in tandem with reduced water activity, employing modified atmosphere packaging, utilizing refrigerated storage, and utilizing reduced heat treatment combined with acidification. This investigation aimed to determine how S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium grew when sliced ready-to-eat smoked turkey (RTE-SM) was stored at 0, 5, 10, and 15°C for various periods. The study also examined the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (40% CO2 and 60% N2) and VP on these growth patterns. Total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, and redox potential levels were determined. The control experiment on RTE-SM showed no Salmonella growth within 30 d of storage at any temperature. This indicated that the RTE-SM in use did not initially contain S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Results indicated that the storage of RTE-SM using a combination of VP, MAP, and MAPEO with storage at 0 and 5°C did not allow for the pathogen to grow throughout storage. In comparison, at 10 and 15°C after one day, which allowed for minor growth (0.17-0.5 log CFU/g)? In contrast, at 0 and 5°C, Salmonella survives until the end of storage (173 d). However, the combination of MAPEO with the same storage temperatures achieved the elimination of the pathogen in the meat after 80 d. The combination of both packaging systems with high temperatures (10 or 15°C) allowed for the multiplication and growth of the bacterium through the product's shelf life of more than 1 log CFU/g. Thus, a combination of MAP or MAPEO with low storage temperatures (0 or 5°C) inhibited the growth of the pathogen.

Cellulose-based CoFe LDH composite as a nano-adsorbent for sulfamethoxazole and cefixime residues: Evaluation of performance, green metrics and cytotoxicity.

The increase in antibiotic residues poses a serious threat to ecological and aquatic environments, necessitating the development of cost-effective, convenient, and recyclable adsorbents. In our study, we used cellulose-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) as an efficient adsorbent and nanocarrier for both sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and cefixime (CFX) residues due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Chemical processes are measured according to green chemistry metrics to identify which features adhere to the principles. A GREEnness Assessment (ESA), Analytical GREEnness Preparation (AGREEprep), and Analytical Eco-Scale Assessments (ESA) were used to assess the suitability of the proposed analytical method. We extensively analyzed the synthesized CoFe LDH/cellulose before and after the adsorption processes using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. We investigated the factors affecting the adsorption process, such as pH, adsorbent dose, concentrations of SMX and CFX and time. We studied six nonlinear adsorption isotherm models at pH 5 using CoFe LDH, which showed maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of 272.13 mg/g for SMX and 208.00 mg/g for CFX. Kinetic studies were also conducted. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed on Vero cells in direct contact with LDH nanocomposites to evaluate the cytotoxicity and side effects of cellulose-based CoFe LDH. The cellulose-based CoFe LDH nanocomposite demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and less cytotoxic effects on the tested cell line. These results validate the potential use of these unique LDH-based cellulose cytocompatible biomaterials for water treatment applications. The cost of the prepared adsorbents was investigated.

Steric, Synergetic, Energetic Studies on the Impact of the Type of the Hybridized Polymers (Chitosan and ß-Cyclodextrin) on the Adsorption Properties of Zeolite-A for Congo Red Dye.

Zeolite-A was synthesized successfully from kaolinite and hybridized with two species of biopolymers (chitosan (CH/Z) and ß-cyclodextrin (CD/Z)). The obtained hybridized forms were assessed as potential adsorbents of Congo red synthetic dye (CR) with enhanced affinities and elimination capacities. The synthesized CD/Z and CH/Z hybrids demonstrated uptake capacities of 223.6 and 208.7 mg/g, which are significantly higher than single-phase zeolite-A (140.3 mg/g). The integrated polymers change the surface area, surface reactivity, and number of free active receptors that are already present. The classic isotherm investigations validate Langmuir equilibrium behavior for ZA and Freundlich properties for CD/Z and CH/Z. The steric parameters validate a strong increase in the existing active receptors after the incorporation of CD (CD/Z) to be 98.1 mg/g as compared to 83 mg/g for CH/Z and 60.6 mg/g for ZA, which illustrate the detected uptake behaviors. Moreover, the CR dye was adsorbed as several molecules per single site, reflecting the vertical uptake of these molecules by multimolecular mechanisms. The energetic assessment, considering both Gaussian energies and adsorption energies (<40 kJ/mol), validates the dominant impact of the physical mechanism during the sequestration of CR (dipole binding interactions (2-29 kJ/mol) and hydrogen bonds (<30 kJ/mol)), in addition to the considerable effect of ion exchange processes. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the CR molecules were adsorbed by exothermic and spontaneous reactions.

Antifungal and antibacterial investigation of quinary Zr Al Fe Co Ni layered double hydroxide and its Al Fe Co Ni quaternary and Fe Co Ni tertiary roots.

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are promising 2D nanomaterials being investigated for several engineering and biomedical applications. In this work, quinary Zr Al Fe Co Ni LDH and its Al Fe Co Ni LDH quaternary and Fe Co Ni LDH tertiary roots were prepared and characterized. All samples showed an aggregated, layered morphology with zero surface charge and approximately 300 nm of hydrodynamic size. BET surface area of Al Fe Co Ni LDH showed a remarkable value of 143.25 m2 g-1 as opposed to 26.2 m2 g-1 and 45.4 m2 g-1 for Fe Co Ni LDH and Zr Al Fe Co Ni LDH, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared samples was assessed against the many pathogenic bacteria; Bacillus (B.) subtilis, Escherichia (E.) coli, Haemophilus (H.) influenza, Listeria (L.) monocytogenes, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Streptococcus (St.) pneumonia, and six fungal species. Furthermore, anti-biofilm activity, growth curve assay, and effect of UV illumination were examined against various pathogenic microbes. Zr Al Fe Co Ni displayed remarkable antibacterial activity, as indicated by the lowest values of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4-166.7 µg mL-1. Results for fungal strains varied in terms of their susceptibilities for the different samples tested. Zn Al Fe Co Ni was able to inhibit the biofilm formation of S. aureus (96.09%), E. coli (98.32%), and Candida (C.) albicans (95.93%). This study shown that certain LDH categories, particularly Zr Al Fe Co Ni, may be promising antibacterial agents against variety of pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious infections.

Impacts of storage period and egg weight on hatching and growth performance of growing Japanese quails.

This investigation aimed to assess how Japanese quail hatchability, growth, and carcass traits were affected by quail egg weight, storage length, and their interactions. One thousand two hundred sixty eggs of the commercial Japanese quail were purchased, and the average age of the birds was 13 wk. Quail egg weights were divided into 3 groups using a 3 × 4 factorial design: small (< 11 g), medium (11-12 g), and large (> 12 g). Each group had four storage times (1, 4, 7, and 10 d) and held 105 eggs. The study used a storage room with 70% humidity and 18°C. There were 12 treatment groups. For the final 3 d of incubation, the eggs were positioned in a hatching machine after being incubated for 14 d at 37.6°C and 65% humidity. For the study, 540 one-day-old Japanese unsexed quail chicks were randomly chosen and placed in groups of 5 that resembled the distribution of eggs. Three duplicates (15 chicks each) made up each of the 4 storage periods that comprised the 180 birds. The findings showed that the percentage of hatchable eggs is significantly influenced by their weight and the length of storage; medium and heavy-weight eggs exhibited higher percentages of hatchability while holding for 7 to 10 d. However, no significant interaction was observed-additionally, heavy egg weight results in higher weight at different ages. Egg weight also significantly impacts chick weight at hatch, 3 wk, and 6 wk. Egg weight and storage time affect dressing and carcass measurement percentages. We can conclude that the best results in terms of hatch and post-hatch efficiency, as well as carcass characteristics, were obtained with medium or heavy quail eggs and storage times of either 1 d or 4 d.

The efficacy and safety of lecanemab 10 mg/kg biweekly compared to a placebo in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Alzheimer's disease, prevalent in individuals aged 60 and above, constitutes most dementia cases and significantly impairs memory and cognitive functions. With global Alzheimer's cases projected to triple by 2050, there is a pressing need for effective interventions. Lecanemab, a monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid-beta plaques, shows promise in slowing Alzheimer's progression. Positive clinical trial results have instilled hope in patients, prompting ongoing research to advance understanding and intervention possibilities. To contribute to this knowledge base, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on lecanemab's efficacy and safety at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. This comprehensive approach aimed to address gaps in the current literature, scrutinize research disparities, and guide future investigations. Applying strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, we assessed study details, participant information, and intervention specifics, using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality evaluation. Statistical analyses, conducted with R software, included risk ratios and mean differences, assessing heterogeneity and publication bias. The meta-analysis reveals a significant positive effect of lecanemab (10 mg/kg biweekly) on cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer's disease. Consistent reductions in ADCOMS, CDR-SB, and ADAS-cog14 scores across studies indicate drug efficacy with narrow confidence intervals and no significant heterogeneity. While TEAE shows no significant difference, heightened risks of ARIA-E and ARIA-H associated with lecanemab underscore the need for vigilant safety monitoring in clinical practice. Despite the drug efficacy, the study emphasizes a balanced assessment of benefits and potential risks associated with lecanemab, providing critical insights for clinicians evaluating its use in addressing cognitive impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Pivotal Impact Factors in Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Value-Added C1 and C2 Products.

Over the past decades, CO2 greenhouse emission has been considerably increased, causing global warming and climate change. Indeed, converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is a desired option to resolve issues caused by its continuous emission into the atmosphere. Nevertheless, CO2 conversion has been hampered by the ultrahigh dissociation energy of C=O bonds, which makes it thermodynamically and kinetically challenging. From this prospect, photocatalytic approaches appear promising for CO2 reduction in terms of their efficiency compared to other traditional technologies. Thus, many efforts have been made in the designing of photocatalysts with asymmetric sites and oxygen vacancies, which can break the charge distribution balance of CO2 molecule, reduce hydrogenation energy barrier and accelerate CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels. Here, we review the recent advances in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 and C2 products utilizing photocatalysis processes. We also pin down the key factors or parameters influencing the generation of C2 products during CO2 hydrogenation. In addition, the current status of CO2 reduction is summarized, projecting the future direction for CO2 conversion by photocatalysis processes.

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms of Reactive Metabolite Formation in the Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome p450 1B1 by 8-Methoxypsoralen and Assessing the Driving Effect of phe268.

This study provides a comprehensive computational exploration of the inhibitory activity and metabolic pathways of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MP), a furocoumarin derivative used for treating various skin disorders, on cytochrome P450 (P450). Employing quantum chemical DFT calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations analyses, the biotransformation mechanisms and the active site binding profile of 8-MP in CYP1B1 were investigated. Three plausible inactivation mechanisms were minutely scrutinized. Further analysis explored the formation of reactive metabolites in subsequent P450 metabolic processes, including covalent adduct formation through nucleophilic addition to the epoxide, 8-MP epoxide hydrolysis, and non-CYP-catalyzed epoxide ring opening. Special attention was paid to the catalytic effect of residue Phe268 on the mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of P450 by 8-MP. Energetic profiles and facilitating conditions revealed a slight preference for the C4'=C5' epoxidation pathway, while recognizing a potential kinetic competition with the 8-OMe demethylation pathway due to comparable energy demands. The formation of covalent adducts via nucleophilic addition, particularly by phenylalanine, and the generation of potentially harmful reactive metabolites through autocatalyzed ring cleavage are likely to contribute significantly to P450 metabolism of 8-MP. Our findings highlight the key role of Phe268 in retaining 8-MP within the active site of CYP1B1, thereby facilitating initial oxygen addition transition states. This research offers crucial molecular-level insights that may guide the early stages of drug discovery and risk assessment related to the use of 8-MP.

Dietary supplementation with Dunaliella salina microalga promotes quail growth by altering lipid profile and immunity.

The goals of the current research are to ascertain the impacts of Dunaliella salina (DS) on quail growth, carcass criteria, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, and immune response. Two hundred and forty 7-day-old quail chicks were divided equally into 4 separate groups with 6 replicates with 10 birds each. The groups were as follows: 1) control diet (the basal feed without DS), 2) control diet enriched with 0.25 g DS/kg, 3) control diet enriched with 0.50 g DS/kg, and 4) control diet enriched with 1.00 g DS/kg. Results elucidated that the birds which consumed 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg diet performed better than other birds in terms of live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were no significant changes in feed intake (FI) and carcass characteristics due to different dietary DS levels. Compared to the control group, DS-treated groups had better lipid profile (low total cholesterol and LDL values and high HDL values) and immune response (complement 3 values). The quails consumed feeds with different levels of DS had greater (P < 0.038) C3 compared to control. Adding 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg lowered blood concentrations of triglycerides and total protein (TP) values. The high level of DS (1 g/kg) had higher albumin values and lower AST values than other groups (P < 0.05). The creatinine values were at the lowest levels in the group consumed 0.50 g DS/kg feed. No changes (P > 0.05) were demonstrated among experimental groups in the ALT, urea, and lysozyme values. In conclusion, adding D. salina to growing quail diets enhanced growth, immune system, blood lipid profile, and kidney and liver function.

Insight into the catalytic performances of Fe0@chitosan/cellulose green hybrid structure for enhanced photo-Fenton's oxidation of levofloxacin toxic residuals: Pathway and toxicity.

A green hybridized structure of Fe0 painted chitosan/cellulose base (Fe0@CS/CF) has been developed using cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse along with reduction agents sourced from Khaya senegalensis leaves. The composite was assessed as an affordable, powerful, and multifunctional catalyst for enhancing the degradation of Levofloxacin (LVX) remnants within water supplies via photo-Fenton's interactions. Using a dosage of 0.5 g/L, the Fe0@CS/CF blend demonstrated noteworthy catalytic qualities, resulting in the complete photo-Fenton's degradation of LVX at a level of 25 mg/L after 40 min. However, the complete diminution of organic carbon (TOC) occurred only after 100 min, suggesting the presence of significant intermediate residues. The identified intermediate chemicals and confirmed hydroxyl radicals as the main oxidizer suggest that the degradation pathway involves carboxylation/decarboxylation, hydroxylation, demethylation, and oxidation of quinolone rings. The toxicity properties of untreated LVX solutions and their subsequent oxidized byproducts were assessed by evaluating their inhibiting impact on Vibrio fischeri over various durations. The samples that experienced partial oxidation at initial testing demonstrated a higher level of toxicity in comparison to the parent LVX. However, the sample that was treated for 100 min demonstrated substantial biological safety and a non-toxic nature. The blend of ingredients has a synergistic impact that enhances the uptake, Fenton's, photocatalytic, and photo-Fenton's characteristics of the hosted Fe0 nanoparticles.