INTRODUCTION: Cavin 2 down-regulation is reported in several malignant tumors and is associated with tumor progression. However, the role of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and diagnostic significance of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cavin 2 expression levels were examined in 150 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and matched adjacent normal lung tissues using RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Then, the relationship of Cavin 2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and patients' survival was further evaluated in lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: QPCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that Cavin 2 expression levels were significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with those in adjacent normal lung tissues (p < 0.0001). The IHC results showed that positive expression of Cavin 2 was mainly located in cytoplasm as brown, but was hard to detect in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. The low-expression rates of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues were 62.0% and 20.0%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). Lower expression of Cavin 2 was significantly associated with tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cavin 2 has low expression in lung adenocarcinoma, which might be regarded as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.
A growing body of literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is becoming available, but a synthesis of available data has not been conducted. We performed a scoping review of currently available clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and chest imaging data related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS from 01 January 2019 to 24 February 2020. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using the clinical and laboratory data, and random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled results. A total of 61 studies were included (59,254 patients). The most common disease-related symptoms were fever (82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56%-99%; n = 4410), cough (61%, 95% CI 39%-81%; n = 3985), muscle aches and/or fatigue (36%, 95% CI 18%-55%; n = 3778), dyspnea (26%, 95% CI 12%-41%; n = 3700), headache in 12% (95% CI 4%-23%, n = 3598 patients), sore throat in 10% (95% CI 5%-17%, n = 1387) and gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% (95% CI 3%-17%, n = 1744). Laboratory findings were described in a lower number of patients and revealed lymphopenia (0.93 × 109/L, 95% CI 0.83-1.03 × 109/L, n = 464) and abnormal C-reactive protein (33.72 mg/dL, 95% CI 21.54-45.91 mg/dL; n = 1637). Radiological findings varied, but mostly described ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Data on treatment options were limited. All-cause mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.0%-1.0%; n = 53,631). Epidemiological studies showed that mortality was higher in males and elderly patients. The majority of reported clinical symptoms and laboratory findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection are non-specific. Clinical suspicion, accompanied by a relevant epidemiological history, should be followed by early imaging and virological assay.
