The complete genome sequence of apple rootstock virus A, a novel nucleorhabdovirus identified in apple rootstocks.

We report the complete genome sequence of a novel nucleorhabdovirus, apple rootstock virus A (ApRVA), isolated from Malus spp. in South Korea. ApRVA has a 14,043-nt single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome. In the antigenome sense, it contains seven open reading frames, encoding the putative nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, cell-to-cell movement protein, matrix protein, glycoprotein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and an additional hypothetical protein, the gene for which is located between the genes for the matrix protein and glycoprotein. The complete genome sequence of ApRVA showed 47.45% nucleotide sequence identity to that of black currant-associated rhabdovirus 1. The genome organization, phylogenetic relationships, and sequence similarities to other nucleorhabdoviruses suggest that ApRVA is a new member of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Papaya ringspot virus Isolate from South Korea That Infects Cucurbita pepo.

The complete genome sequence of a Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolate from South Korea (SK) infecting squash (Cucurbita pepo) was obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. A BLASTn search of the PRSV SK isolate full-genome sequence showed nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 81% to 83% with previously reported PRSV isolates (GenBank accession numbers KX655874 and EF017707).

Complete genome analysis of a novel umbravirus-polerovirus combination isolated from Ixeridium dentatum.

Two novel viruses, isolated in Bonghwa, Republic of Korea, from an Ixeridium dentatum plant with yellowing mottle symptoms, have been provisionally named Ixeridium yellow mottle-associated virus 1 (IxYMaV-1) and Ixeridium yellow mottle-associated virus 2 (IxYMaV-2). IxYMaV-1 has a genome of 6,017 nucleotides sharing a 56.4% sequence identity with that of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (genus Polerovirus). The IxYMaV-2 genome of 4,196 nucleotides has a sequence identity of less than 48.3% with e other species classified within the genus Umbravirus. Genome properties and phylogenetic analysis suggested that IxYMaV-1 and -2 are representative isolates of new species classifiable within the genus Polerovirus and Umbravirus, respectively.

Complete Genome Sequence of Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus, Isolated from Prunus persica in Cheongdo County, South Korea.

We report here the first complete genome sequence of a South Korean isolate of Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) from peach and compare it with previously described complete NSPaV genome sequences. The highest whole-genome nucleotide sequence identity was 95.3% with GenBank accession no. KT273409 (NSPaV) from the United States.

First report of cherry virus A infecting Prunus mume in South Korea.

We report the detection of cherry virus A (CVA) in a Prunus mume sample using Illumina HiSeq 2500 paired-end RNA sequencing. CVA isolate OC shared highest sequence identity with CVA isolate J, which was recently identified in P. armeniaca in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CVA infecting P. mume in Korea and the first complete genome sequence of CVA isolated from P. mume in the world.

Complete genome sequence of a putative new caulimovirus which exists as endogenous pararetroviral sequences in Angelica dahurica.

A virus isolate designated Angelica bushy stunt virus (AnBSV), provisionally representing a new species in the genus Caulimovirus, was discovered in the medicinal plant Angelica dahurica. The complete 8,300-nt genomic DNA of AnBSV had seven putative open reading frames containing conserved domains/motifs, which are typical features of caulimoviruses, and showed the greatest nucleotide sequence identity (74% identity and 27% query coverage) to a lamium leaf distortion virus isolate. Interestingly, the new caulimovirus exists as endogenous pararetroviral sequences in the host plant and is considered to have multiple defective plant genome-integrated copies that may lead to the generation of subgenomic DNA species.

Complete genome sequence of rice virus A, a new member of the family Tombusviridae.

An evaluation of the virus population in rice plants using next-generation sequencing technologies resulted in the discovery of a new RNA virus, tentatively named rice virus A (RVA). The complete RVA genome sequence was determined and analyzed, revealing a genome organization resembling that of viruses classified in the genera Aureusvirus, Tombusvirus and Zeavirus within the family Tombusviridae. With 4,832 nucleotides, the RVA genome may be the largest monopartite genome sequenced to date in the family Tombusviridae. The 453-amino acid RVA coat protein shares the highest identity with the gp3 protein of an unclassified carascovirus, SF1 (GenBank accession no. KF510027) isolated from San Francisco wastewater, rather than the coat protein of any known member of the family Tombusviridae. These novel characteristics represent a significant divergence from the genomes of viruses belonging to the sixteen existing genera of the family Tombusviridae, demonstrating that RVA is likely a new family member.

Complete nucleotide sequence of a highly divergent cherry-associated luteovirus (ChALV) isolate from peach in South Korea.

We determined the complete genome sequence of a highly divergent South Korean (SK) isolate of a cherry-associated luteovirus (ChALV) from peach. The ChALV-SK genome consists of 5,815 nucleotides, and contains five open reading frames (ORFs). A comparative analysis of the full genome showed only 73.1% nucleotide sequence identity with a recently described ChALV from the Czech Republic (CZ). Amino acid similarities of the individual ORFs between ChALV-SK and other luteoviruses range from 17.3 to 92%, which places the new isolate close to the species demarcation value for luteoviruses. Results show our ChALV-SK isolate to be highly diverged from the ChALV-CZ isolate.

Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of peach virus D, a putative new member of the genus Marafivirus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of peach virus D (PeVD) from Prunus persica was determined. The PeVD genome consists of 6,612 nucleotides excluding the 3' poly(A) tail and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polyprotein of 227 kDa. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PeVD is most closely related to viruses in the genus Marafivirus, family Tymoviridae. The complete nucleotide and CP amino acid sequences of PeVD were most similar (51.1-57.8% and 32.2-48.0%, respectively) to members of the genus Marafivirus, suggesting that PeVD is a new member of this genus.

Complete Genome Sequence of a South Korean Isolate of Habenaria mosaic virus.

Habenaria mosaic virus (HaMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, was first discovered from Habenaria radiata in Japan. The complete genomic sequence of a South Korean isolate (PA1) of HaMV infecting Plantago asiatica L. was determined with high-throughput RNA sequencing.

The complete sequence and genome organization of ligustrum virus A, a novel carlavirus.

The complete genome sequence of ligustrum virus A (LVA) from a Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. plant was determined. The genomic RNA has 8,525 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail, and consists of six open reading frames typical of members of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral replicase and coat protein (CP) indicated that LVA is closely related to daphne virus S and helenium virus. The replicase and CP of LVA shared 44.73-52.35 % and 25.39-62.46 % amino acid identity, respectively, with those of other carlaviruses. These results suggest that LVA is a member of a distinct carlavirus species.