ABSTRACT
Anthonomus grandis grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest with a large potential for destruction in cotton crops, causing damage to the cotton reproductive structures. The earwig Marava arachidis (Dermaptera: Labiidae), is an important reference as a predator in several crops and being easy to rear in the laboratory. To analyze the potential biocontrol of M. arachidis of A. grandis grandis larvae, a study of predatory capacity was conducted using a functional response model. A. grandis grandis larvae were exposed to the predator at densities 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 larvae (= prey/predator / Petri dish), with 30 replications at each density. Contact between the predator and the prey occurred for 24 hours; after this period, the level of predation of M. arachidis was assessed based on the proportion of preyed larvae. The linear logistic regression coefficient was used with a beta-binomial generalized linear model to determine the functional response. The negative signal of the linear coefficient and the goodness-of-fit tests revealed a quadratic or type II functional response, with the number of prey varying from 1.00 larva (density of 1 larva/predator) to 6.50 larvae (density of 8 larvae/predator). Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrate a high predatory capacity of M. arachidis on A. grandis grandis larvae.
Subject(s)
Larva , Pest Control, Biological , Predatory Behavior , Weevils , Animals , Predatory Behavior/physiology , Larva/physiology , Weevils/physiology , Time Factors , Population Density , Neoptera/physiologyABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to carry out phytochemical prospection through colorimetric tests to determine the groups of secondary metabolites and also to determine the total content of phenolic compounds (TPC) present in plant extracts methanol (ME), ethyl acetate (EAE), hexane (HE) and dichloromethane (DE) from the leaves of Myrsine umbellata, as well as to investigate the antimicrobial activity against twelve standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by the DPPH method and the ABTS method and the antibiofilm potential on the biofilm biomass of standard bacteria by the crystal violet technique and tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay. Phytochemical prospection detected the presence of saponins, steroids, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, and tannins. The results of the quantitative phytochemical estimation revealed a higher content of total phenolics in DE (280.24 ± 0.037 µM GAE g ext. -1) followed by ME (159.01 ± 0.031 µM GAE g ext. -1). The ME showed the best biological activities when compared to the other extracts tested. We observed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (MIC 3.12 and MBC 6.25), antioxidant percentage of 92.58% against the DPPH radical and 420.31 µM Trolox g ext. -1 against the ABTS radical, finally showed antibiofilm action against Gram-positive strain Staphylococcus aureus, with eradication of the biomass in 92.58%. The results suggest that EM from M. umbellata represents an alternative source of plant bioactives for the development of natura products.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Benzothiazoles , Myrsine , Sulfonic Acids , Anthocyanins , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Methanol , Phenols/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is the main species that causes damage to the maize crop in Brazil. In the perspective of studying alternatives of control of this pest that preserve the natural enemies, the aim of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of the essential oils of Vanillosmopsis arborea and Lippia microphylla on S. frugiperda and verify the selectivity to the predator Euborellia annulipes. The bioassays were carried out in the Agricultural Entomology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraiba, using insects, from 3rd instar of S. frugiperda and E. annulipes, originating from mass rearing in the laboratory itself. Dilutions of the oils were performed in Tween® 80 at concentrations of 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg mL-1. 1.0 µL from each dilution was applied to the prothoracic region of the insects. The S. frugiperda mortality was verified by topical contact of V. arborea oil with LC10 = 74.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 172.86 mg mL-1, for L. microphyla, LC10 = 51.26 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 104.52 mg mL-1. The observed lethal concentrations for E. annulipes were V. arborea LC10 = 71.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 160.2 mg mL-1. While L. microphyla, were LC10 = 50.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 134.67 mg mL-1. The essential oils of V. arborea and L. microphylla are efficient in the control of S. frugiperda, but are not selective to the predator E. Annulipes.
A lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é a principal espécie que causa danos à cultura do milho no Brasil. Na perspectiva de estudar alternativas de controle desta praga que preservem os inimigos naturais, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência inseticida dos óleos essenciais de Vanillosmopsis arborea e Lippia microphylla sobre S. frugiperda e verificar a seletividade ao predador Euborellia annulipes. Os bioensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Entomologia Agropecuária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, utilizando insetos, de 3º instar de S. frugiperda e E. annulipes, oriundos de criação massal no próprio laboratório. As diluições dos óleos foram realizadas em Tween® 80 nas concentrações de 0, 100, 150 e 200 mg mL-1. 1,0 µL de cada diluição foi aplicado na região protorácica dos insetos. A mortalidade de S. frugiperda foi verificada pelo contato tópico do óleo de V. arborea com LC10 = 74,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 172,86 mg mL-1, para L. microphyla, LC10 = 51,26 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 104,52 mg mL-1. As concentrações letais observadas para E. annulipes foram V. arborea LC10 = 71,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 160,2 mg mL-1. Enquanto L. microphyla, foram LC10 = 50,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 134,67 mg mL-1. Os óleos essenciais de V. arborea e L. microphylla são eficientes no controle de S. frugiperda, mas não são seletivos ao predador E. Annulipes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Oils , Pest Control , Spodoptera , Entomology , InsecticidesABSTRACT
The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Myrsine , Oils, Volatile , Primulaceae , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Phytochemicals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is the main species that causes damage to the maize crop in Brazil. In the perspective of studying alternatives of control of this pest that preserve the natural enemies, the aim of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of the essential oils of Vanillosmopsis arborea and Lippia microphylla on S. frugiperda and verify the selectivity to the predator Euborellia annulipes. The bioassays were carried out in the Agricultural Entomology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraiba, using insects, from 3rd instar of S. frugiperda and E. annulipes, originating from mass rearing in the laboratory itself. Dilutions of the oils were performed in Tween® 80 at concentrations of 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg mL-1. 1.0 µL from each dilution was applied to the prothoracic region of the insects. The S. frugiperda mortality was verified by topical contact of V. arborea oil with LC10 = 74.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 172.86 mg mL-1, for L. microphyla, LC10 = 51.26 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 104.52 mg mL-1. The observed lethal concentrations for E. annulipes were V. arborea LC10 = 71.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 160.2 mg mL-1. While L. microphyla, were LC10 = 50.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 134.67 mg mL-1. The essential oils of V. arborea and L. microphylla are efficient in the control of S. frugiperda, but are not selective to the predator E. Annulipes.
Subject(s)
Insecticides , Lippia , Oils, Volatile , Animals , Brazil , Insecticides/toxicity , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , SpodopteraABSTRACT
The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
A espécie Myrsine umbellata é uma planta nativa do Brasil, tradicionalmente suas cascas são empregadas em fitoterapia no tratamento de afecções do fígado e combate a hanseníase. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar a prospecção fitoquímica dos extratos etanólico (EE) e acetônico (EA) por meio de testes colorimétricos e por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) do óleo essencial (OE) das folhas de M. umbellata; avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana frente a dozes cepas padrões ATCCs pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo; o potencial antioxidante pelo método de redução de DPPH e ação antibiofilme pela técnica do cristal violeta e a viabilidade celular foi determinada usando 3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT) com base na densidade óptica. A prospecção fitoquímica dos EE e EA detectou a presença de esteroides livres, alcaloides, flavonoides (flavonas, flavononóis, flavonóis e xantonas) e taninos em ambos os extratos (EE e EA) e de saponinas somente no EE. No OE os compostos majoritários identificados foram elixeno, cariofileno (E), espatulenol, d-cadineno e aromadendreno. O EA apresentou atividade antimicrobiana com valores de CIM e CBM/CFM que variaram de 3,12 a 100 mg.mL-1, destacando sua eficiência sobre a cepa Gram-positiva S. epidermidis. Já EE apresentou potencial antimicrobiano na faixa que variou de 3,12 a 200 mg.mL-1, e a cepa Gram-negativa E. coli foi a mais suscetível. Entretanto, OE apresentou potencial bacteriostático frente às cepas S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa e S. epidermidis. A capacidade de sequestrar radicais livres foi evidenciada no extrato EA com atividade antioxidante de 89,55% e no EE com 63,05%. O potencial antibiofime foi observado no extrato EE que erradicou a biomassa do biofilme maduro de todas as bactérias testadas com elevada atividade (50% a 84,28%) e OE também apresentou efeito antibiofilme sobre o biofilme maduro das cepas E. coli enteroagreativa UEL, S. aureus e S. Enteritidis com percentual de redução de biomassa de 63,74%, 68,04% e 86,19%, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam o potencial dos extratos e do OE de M. umbellata como fonte de bioativos vegetais para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias alternativas para o controle de microrganismos resistentes de forma planctônica ou de biofilmes.
Subject(s)
Myrsine , Anti-Infective Agents , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
The Brazilian fauna of Lestidae contains two genera (Archilestes Selys, 1862 and Lestes Leach in Brewster, 1815) with 14 species, many of which are poorly defined and/or known only by primary literature. To improve the knowledge of the Brazilian species of the genus Lestes we examined 97 specimens pertaining to 11 of the 13 described species. Additionally, a new species is described here in honor to Prof. Dr. Paulo De Marco Júnior: Lestes demarcoi (Holotype and Allotype: Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Acará trail, 02º55'46" S 59º58'22" W, 62 m, 13.iv.2009, collected in tandem, U.G. Neiss leg. and deposited in FAAL). Diagnostic illustrations of all species are provided. Color photographs of live individuals of Lestes dichrostigma Calvert, 1909, Lestes forficula Rambur, 1842 and Lestes paulistus Calvert, 1909 are also presented.
Subject(s)
Odonata/classification , Animals , BrazilABSTRACT
Europium oxide (Eu2O3) was used to evaluate the affinity of this rare earth element for interacting with double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules. To perform the study, we used single molecule force spectroscopy with optical tweezers and gel electrophoresis assays. Force spectroscopy experiments show that Eu2O3 presents a strong interaction with dsDNA, and the binding is independent on the ionic strength used in the surrounding environment. Among the main characteristics of the interaction, Eu2O3 tends to bind in a cooperative way, forming bound clusters of â¼ 3 molecules, and presents a high equilibrium association binding constant on the order of 105 M-1. In addition, gel electrophoresis confirm the weak electrostatic character of the interaction and explicit show that Eu2O3 does not interfere on drug intercalation into the double-helix. Such results demonstrate the potential of europium for interacting with nucleic acids and strongly suggest that this rare earth element may be considered for the design of new metal-based anticancer drugs in the future.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Drug Design , Europium/pharmacology , DNA/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Single Molecule ImagingABSTRACT
With still limited information on vitamin requirements and considering that many commercial practices adopt dietary vitamin levels above the values suggested by nutritional tables, this study aimed to assess the effect of administering vitamin supplementation to sows in gestation and lactation and to their litters on the reproductive performance and body condition of the sows and on the performance and immune profile of the litters until slaughter. The trial was split into two phases. The first phase used 104 sows, assigned to be randomized to blocks according to parity, submitted until 21 days of lactation to two treatments: control-standard (standard levels of vitamins) and test-elevated (elevated levels of vitamins). Each sow and its respective farrow were considered an experimental unit. The sows underwent evaluations of body condition score, back fat thickness and reproductive performance. In the second phase, 60 barrows and 60 gilts at 21 days of age and mean initial weight of 5.33 ± 1.5 kg until slaughter at 164 days of age. The piglets were assigned to randomized blocks according to the weight and sex of the animals in a 2 × 2 factorial model, with 10 replicates per treatment, where a pen with three animals represented the experimental unit. Following the same treatments of the first phase, the piglets were evaluated for daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion, mortality rate and humoral immune response. Vitamin supplementation had no positive effects on the reproductive parameters or body composition of sows. However, it positively impacted the performance of the litters in the early nursery stage, but did not lead to superior effects on the immune responses to vaccination against circovirus or mycoplasma.
Subject(s)
Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Immunity, Humoral/drug effects , Lactation/drug effects , Sus scrofa/physiology , Vitamins/metabolism , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Random Allocation , Sus scrofa/growth & development , Sus scrofa/immunology , Vitamins/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in chewable tablets as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis in smoking patients. 34 patient smokers were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The SRP group (n=17) received scaling and root planing (SRP) in one session and a placebo; the PRO group (n=17) received SRP in one session and 2 probiotic tablets 2× per day, for 21 days. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and pockets with PD≥5 mm and bleeding were measured at baseline and 90 days. After 90 days of treatment, the PD and pockets with PD≥5 mm and bleeding were significantly lower in both groups compared to baseline (P<0.05). In the PRO group, the BOP had significantly reduced at 90 days when compared with the baseline (P<0.05). There was statistically significant reduction in PD between baseline and 90 days in the PRO group in deep pockets (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the reduction in PD (P=0.95) or gain in CAL (P=0.97) in moderate and deep pockets. The adjuvant use of L. reuteri in the treatment of chronic periodontitis was effective in controlling gingival inflammation because reduced bleeding on probing which means reduced gingival inflammation and was effective in reducing deep pocket in manner clinically relevant.
Subject(s)
Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/physiology , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Smokers , Adult , Chronic Periodontitis/pathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Dental Scaling , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Index , Root Planing , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Myiasis is a condition in which flies are attracted to infected and/or necrotic tissues and deposit eggs that hatch into larvae. It may bring serious functional and aesthetic sequelae when involves nasal and parasinusal cavities; however, there is a lack of such reports in the literature. METHODS: We present and briefly discuss herein the clinical and surgical management of nasosinusal myiasis in an elderly patient previously affected by mucocutaneous leishmaniosis. RESULTS: Facial computed tomography was used to confirm the nasosinusal involvement. Next, osteotomies were performed, followed by the mechanical removal of larvae, bilateral sinusectomy and pharmacological therapy. CONCLUSION: A complicated case of nasosinusal myiasis was surgically managed, resulting in a good prognosis for the patient.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Myiasis , Aged , Animals , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Larva , NoseABSTRACT
Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin deacetylation, present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Chitosan has been evaluated as rumen modulator and silage additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of both chitosan and a bacterial additive on microbiological quality, chemical composition, nutrient in vitro degradation, fermentative profile, and total losses of whole-soybean plant silage (SS) harvested at R6 stage. Four treatments in a factorial arrangement were randomly assigned to 40 experimental minisilos as no additives (CON), 8 g/t fresh forage of microbial inoculant (INO; Kera SIL, Kera Nutrição Animal, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil); 5 g/kg of fresh forage chitosan (CHI); and CHI + INO. Microbial inoculant was composed of Lactobacillus plantarum (4.0 × 1010 cfu/g) and Propionibacterium acidipropionici (2.6 × 1010 cfu/g). The CHI and INO alone increased counts of lactic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria and decreased counts of mold and yeast in SS. The CHI or INO alone increased in vitro degradation of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, and decreased nonfiber carbohydrate content of SS. Chitosan increased NH3-N and lactate concentrations and decreased ethanol concentration in SS. The CHI increased dry matter recovery from SS; INO increased silage aerobic stability. The combination of CHI+INO showed the lowest value of gas losses. In general, the combination of CHI and INO had small positive effects on gas losses of SS; however, both CHI or INO alone improved nutrient in vitro degradation and decreased mold and yeast in SS. Chitosan or INO utilization improves SS quality.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Chitosan , Fermentation , Glycine max , Lactobacillus/growth & development , Animals , Brazil , Lactic Acid , Lactobacillales , Rumen/metabolism , Silage , Zea maysABSTRACT
A brucelose na espécie ovina tem recebido destaque, uma vez que se trata de uma enfermidade que acomete o sistema reprodutivo dos animais, provocando sério comprometimento no setor produtivo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se a avaliação de três métodos para o diagnóstico da brucelose ovina: o ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISAi), a técnica imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Para tanto, utilizaram-se 211 amostras de sangue de ovinos oriundos de propriedades de nove municípios da microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí. As 211 amostras de sangue foram submetidas aos testes sorológicos e à PCR, visando detectar anticorpos anti-B. ovis e DNA de Brucella ovis, respectivamente. Foram obtidos resultados positivos nos testes sorológicos, sendo 36 (17,06%) positivos no teste IDGA e sete (3,31%) positivos no teste ELISAi, contudo não houve resultados positivos na técnica de PCR. Dos métodos de diagnóstico utilizados neste estudo, o teste IDGA foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho na detecção de animais reagentes, quando comparado ao teste ELISAi e à PCR em amostras de sangue, e o percentual de animais soropositivos sugere uma ampla distribuição de ovinos infectados por Brucella ovis na região em estudo, o que pode causar prejuízos aos produtores.(AU)
Brucellosis in sheep has received a major focus, since it is a disease that affects the reproductive system of animals, causing serious impairment in the productive sector. Thus, three methods for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis were evaluated as goal, the indirect Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAi) test, the Immunodiffusion Agar Gel (AGID) technique and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Therefore, we used 211 sheep blood samples from properties of nine municipalities of the homogeneous micro-region of Teresina, Piaui. The 211 blood samples were subjected to serologic testing and PCR to detect anti-B. ovis antibodies, and Brucella ovis DNA, respectively. Positive results in serological tests were obtained, 36 (17%) positive in the AGID test and seven (3.3%) positive to the ELISAi test, however, there were no positive results in the PCR technique. Of the diagnostic methods used in this study, the AGID test was the one that presented the best performance in the detection of reactive animals, when compared to ELISAi and PCR in blood samples and, the percentage of seropositive animals suggests a wide distribution of Brucella ovis infected sheep in the study region and could cause loss to producers.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , SerologyABSTRACT
A brucelose na espécie ovina tem recebido destaque, uma vez que se trata de uma enfermidade que acomete o sistema reprodutivo dos animais, provocando sério comprometimento no setor produtivo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se a avaliação de três métodos para o diagnóstico da brucelose ovina: o ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISAi), a técnica imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Para tanto, utilizaram-se 211 amostras de sangue de ovinos oriundos de propriedades de nove municípios da microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí. As 211 amostras de sangue foram submetidas aos testes sorológicos e à PCR, visando detectar anticorpos anti-B. ovis e DNA de Brucella ovis, respectivamente. Foram obtidos resultados positivos nos testes sorológicos, sendo 36 (17,06%) positivos no teste IDGA e sete (3,31%) positivos no teste ELISAi, contudo não houve resultados positivos na técnica de PCR. Dos métodos de diagnóstico utilizados neste estudo, o teste IDGA foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho na detecção de animais reagentes, quando comparado ao teste ELISAi e à PCR em amostras de sangue, e o percentual de animais soropositivos sugere uma ampla distribuição de ovinos infectados por Brucella ovis na região em estudo, o que pode causar prejuízos aos produtores.(AU)
Brucellosis in sheep has received a major focus, since it is a disease that affects the reproductive system of animals, causing serious impairment in the productive sector. Thus, three methods for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis were evaluated as goal, the indirect Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAi) test, the Immunodiffusion Agar Gel (AGID) technique and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Therefore, we used 211 sheep blood samples from properties of nine municipalities of the homogeneous micro-region of Teresina, Piaui. The 211 blood samples were subjected to serologic testing and PCR to detect anti-B. ovis antibodies, and Brucella ovis DNA, respectively. Positive results in serological tests were obtained, 36 (17%) positive in the AGID test and seven (3.3%) positive to the ELISAi test, however, there were no positive results in the PCR technique. Of the diagnostic methods used in this study, the AGID test was the one that presented the best performance in the detection of reactive animals, when compared to ELISAi and PCR in blood samples and, the percentage of seropositive animals suggests a wide distribution of Brucella ovis infected sheep in the study region and could cause loss to producers.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion/statistics & numerical data , Immunoenzyme Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , SerologyABSTRACT
Relata-se um caso de lesão cutânea secundária à infecção por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis em bovino. Abscessos e múltiplas lesões cutâneas nodulares, variando de 8x10 para 20x25cm de diâmetro, firmes, sensíveis ao toque e sem mobilidade, algumas com superfície ulcerada, circundada por halo avermelhado e drenando secreção piossanguinolenta, e outras com superfícies alopécicas, foram identificados na região torácica lateral do animal. Exames histopatológicos e o isolamento do agente de fragmentos obtidos após remoção cirúrgica das lesões confirmaram tratar-se da forma cutânea da infecção pelo C. pseudotuberculosis. As lesões microscópicas caracterizaram-se por dermatite nodular piogranulomatosa e ulcerativa. A avaliação da susceptibilidade in vitro do C. pseudotuberculosis a antimicrobianos demonstrou que o agente era resistente à amicacina, kanamicina, neomicina e penicilina G, apresentando sensibilidade à ampicilina adicionada de subactam, amoxicilia com ácido clavulônico, cefalexina, cefalotina, cefotaxima, enrofloxacina, gentamicina e tetraciclina. A retirada cirúrgica das lesões e o tratamento com enrofloxacina resultaram na cura do animal. Lesões de pele observadas em casos de ptiose, carcinoma de células escamosas e na forma atípica da actinobacilose devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial da forma cutânea da infecção por C. pseudotuberculosis em bovinos. Os dados apresentados demonstram que a infecção pelo C. pseudotuberculosis deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões de pele em bovinos no Brasil.(AU)
We report a case of secondary skin lesionby infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in bovine. Abscesses and multiple nodular lesions, ranging from 8x10 to 20x25 cm in diameter, firm, sensitive to touch, and without mobility, some with ulcerated surface, surrounded by reddish halo and draining piosanguinolenta secretion, and other surfaces with alopecia, were identified in the skin of the animal`s thoracic area. Histopathology and isolation of the agent from fragments obtained after surgical removal of the lesions confirmed the cutaneous infection by C. pseudotuberculosis. Microscopic lesions were characterized by lumpy skin disease and ulcerative pyogranulomatous. Evaluation of in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial demonstrated that the agent was resistant to amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin and penicillin G, and sensitive to ampicillin + subactam, amoxicilia with clavulonic acid, cephalexin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The surgical removal of the lesions, and treatment with enrofloxacin resulted in animal cure. Skin lesions observed in case of ptiose, squamous cell carcinoma and atypical form of Actinobacillosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous form of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in cattle. The data presented demonstrate that infection with C. pseudotuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in cattle in Brazil.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dermatitis/veterinary , Skin Diseases/surgery , Skin Diseases/therapy , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisABSTRACT
Relata-se um caso de lesão cutânea secundária à infecção por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis em bovino. Abscessos e múltiplas lesões cutâneas nodulares, variando de 8x10 para 20x25cm de diâmetro, firmes, sensíveis ao toque e sem mobilidade, algumas com superfície ulcerada, circundada por halo avermelhado e drenando secreção piossanguinolenta, e outras com superfícies alopécicas, foram identificados na região torácica lateral do animal. Exames histopatológicos e o isolamento do agente de fragmentos obtidos após remoção cirúrgica das lesões confirmaram tratar-se da forma cutânea da infecção pelo C. pseudotuberculosis. As lesões microscópicas caracterizaram-se por dermatite nodular piogranulomatosa e ulcerativa. A avaliação da susceptibilidade in vitro do C. pseudotuberculosis a antimicrobianos demonstrou que o agente era resistente à amicacina, kanamicina, neomicina e penicilina G, apresentando sensibilidade à ampicilina adicionada de subactam, amoxicilia com ácido clavulônico, cefalexina, cefalotina, cefotaxima, enrofloxacina, gentamicina e tetraciclina. A retirada cirúrgica das lesões e o tratamento com enrofloxacina resultaram na cura do animal. Lesões de pele observadas em casos de ptiose, carcinoma de células escamosas e na forma atípica da actinobacilose devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial da forma cutânea da infecção por C. pseudotuberculosis em bovinos. Os dados apresentados demonstram que a infecção pelo C. pseudotuberculosis deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões de pele em bovinos no Brasil.(AU)
We report a case of secondary skin lesionby infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in bovine. Abscesses and multiple nodular lesions, ranging from 8x10 to 20x25 cm in diameter, firm, sensitive to touch, and without mobility, some with ulcerated surface, surrounded by reddish halo and draining piosanguinolenta secretion, and other surfaces with alopecia, were identified in the skin of the animal`s thoracic area. Histopathology and isolation of the agent from fragments obtained after surgical removal of the lesions confirmed the cutaneous infection by C. pseudotuberculosis. Microscopic lesions were characterized by lumpy skin disease and ulcerative pyogranulomatous. Evaluation of in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial demonstrated that the agent was resistant to amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin and penicillin G, and sensitive to ampicillin + subactam, amoxicilia with clavulonic acid, cephalexin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The surgical removal of the lesions, and treatment with enrofloxacin resulted in animal cure. Skin lesions observed in case of ptiose, squamous cell carcinoma and atypical form of Actinobacillosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous form of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in cattle. The data presented demonstrate that infection with C. pseudotuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in cattle in Brazil.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Dermatitis/veterinary , Skin Diseases/surgery , Skin Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Odonata have been widely used as indicators for the biomonitoring of terrestrial and aquatic habitats due to their sensitivity to environmental impacts. We aimed to determine whether the larval or adult phases of these insects were the best predictors of variation in habitat parameters and the loss of environmental integrity. Specimens were collected during three seasons (dry, rainy, and ebb) from 12 points in the Suiá-missu River basin, at the headwaters of the Xingu River in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The Protest analysis indicated a high degree of congruence between the assemblages of larvae and adults in streams with varying degrees of habitat integrity (R = 0.832, p < 0.001, m 2 = 0.307). When the congruence with environmental factors was analyzed, a significant association was found only for the larval phase (R = 0.318, p = 0.03, m 2 = 0.888). When the suborders were analyzed separately, congruence was confirmed for anisopteran adults (R = 0.338, p = 0.031, m 2 = 0.885) and larvae (R = 0.417, p = 0.003, m 2 = 0.826) and for the zygopteran adults (R = 0.345, p = 0.027, m 2 = 0.881) and larvae (R = 0.405, p = 0.011, m 2 = 0.836). These results indicate that both larvae and adults respond systematically to environmental impacts. We suggest that either life phase can be used for biomonitoring, given their effectiveness for the interpretation of disturbance in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. These findings further reinforce the effectiveness of this insect order for the detection of modifications to the environment, showing that they are good indicators of environmental conditions.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Odonata/growth & development , Animals , Ecosystem , Environment , Larva/growth & development , Larva/physiology , Odonata/physiology , Population DensityABSTRACT
As proteases fibrinolíticas são capazes de degradar coágulos de fibrina formados dentro dos vasos sanguíneos, evitando a trombose intravascular. Em animais, a tromboflebite, que acomete frequentemente os equinos, ocasiona, em seus casos graves, a obstrução jugular e também um edema de laringe, derivando a obstrução das vias aéreas, o que possibilita um edema cerebral, ocorrendo o óbito do animal. Devido ao fato de o tratamento ser de custo elevado, faz-se necessária a investigação de outras fontesde proteases fibrinolíticas com custos menores e com menos efeitos colaterais. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo produzir e caracterizar proteases fibrinolíticas obtidas de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. Para produção da enzima, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 24 avaliando a concentração da farinha de soja (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5%) e da glicose (0, 0,5 e 1,0g/L), temperatura (28, 32 e 37ºC) e agitação (150, 200 e 250rpm) sobre a biomassa e a atividade fibrinolítica. Pode-se verificar que a protease fibrinolítica apresentou atividade máxima (835U/mL) nas condições de concentração de 1,5% de soja, 1g/L de glicose, 28°C e 150rpm com 48 horas de fermentação. A protease fibrinolítica obtida teve temperatura e pH ótimos de 55°C e pH 9,0, respectivamente. A atividade enzimática foi inibida pelo EDTA, pelo íon Fe2+ e pelo SDS, o que indicou a enzima ser uma metaloprotease. A linhagem Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 foi capaz de produzir protease fibrinolítica, possuindo características bioquímicas favoráveis à aplicação na medicina veterinária e possivelmente humana.(AU)
Fibrinolytic proteases are able to degrade fibrin clot formed in the blood vessel, avoiding intravascular thrombosis. In animals, thrombophlebitis often affects horses, and in severe cases causes obstruction of the jugular and laryngeal edema leading to airway obstruction allowing cerebral edema resulting in the death of the animal. Since treatment is costly, the investigation of other sources of fibrinolytic proteases at lower cost and with fewer side effects is needed. Thus, this study aims to produce and characterize fibrinolytic proteases from Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. For enzyme production, a factorial design was performed to evaluate 24 soybean flour concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and glucose (0, 0.5 and 1.0g/L), temperature (28, 32 and 37°C) and agitation (150, 200 and 250rpm) on biomass and fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic protease showed maximum activity (835 U/mL) under these conditions: 1.5% soybean flour, 1g/L glucose, 28°C, and 150rpm 48 hours of fermentation. The optimal temperature was 55°C and optimal pH was 9.0. Fibrinolytic protease activity was inhibited by EDTA, the ion Fe2+, and by SDS, which indicated that the enzyme is a metallo-protease. The strain Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 was able to produce fibrinolytic protease with biochemical characteristics favorable for application in veterinary and human medicine.(AU)
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Fibrinolytic Agents , Peptide Hydrolases/analysis , Streptomyces , MetalloproteasesABSTRACT
As proteases fibrinolíticas são capazes de degradar coágulos de fibrina formados dentro dos vasos sanguíneos, evitando a trombose intravascular. Em animais, a tromboflebite, que acomete frequentemente os equinos, ocasiona, em seus casos graves, a obstrução jugular e também um edema de laringe, derivando a obstrução das vias aéreas, o que possibilita um edema cerebral, ocorrendo o óbito do animal. Devido ao fato de o tratamento ser de custo elevado, faz-se necessária a investigação de outras fontesde proteases fibrinolíticas com custos menores e com menos efeitos colaterais. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo produzir e caracterizar proteases fibrinolíticas obtidas de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. Para produção da enzima, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 24 avaliando a concentração da farinha de soja (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5%) e da glicose (0, 0,5 e 1,0g/L), temperatura (28, 32 e 37ºC) e agitação (150, 200 e 250rpm) sobre a biomassa e a atividade fibrinolítica. Pode-se verificar que a protease fibrinolítica apresentou atividade máxima (835U/mL) nas condições de concentração de 1,5% de soja, 1g/L de glicose, 28°C e 150rpm com 48 horas de fermentação. A protease fibrinolítica obtida teve temperatura e pH ótimos de 55°C e pH 9,0, respectivamente. A atividade enzimática foi inibida pelo EDTA, pelo íon Fe2+ e pelo SDS, o que indicou a enzima ser uma metaloprotease. A linhagem Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 foi capaz de produzir protease fibrinolítica, possuindo características bioquímicas favoráveis à aplicação na medicina veterinária e possivelmente humana.(AU)
Fibrinolytic proteases are able to degrade fibrin clot formed in the blood vessel, avoiding intravascular thrombosis. In animals, thrombophlebitis often affects horses, and in severe cases causes obstruction of the jugular and laryngeal edema leading to airway obstruction allowing cerebral edema resulting in the death of the animal. Since treatment is costly, the investigation of other sources of fibrinolytic proteases at lower cost and with fewer side effects is needed. Thus, this study aims to produce and characterize fibrinolytic proteases from Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. For enzyme production, a factorial design was performed to evaluate 24 soybean flour concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and glucose (0, 0.5 and 1.0g/L), temperature (28, 32 and 37°C) and agitation (150, 200 and 250rpm) on biomass and fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic protease showed maximum activity (835 U/mL) under these conditions: 1.5% soybean flour, 1g/L glucose, 28°C, and 150rpm 48 hours of fermentation. The optimal temperature was 55°C and optimal pH was 9.0. Fibrinolytic protease activity was inhibited by EDTA, the ion Fe2+, and by SDS, which indicated that the enzyme is a metallo-protease. The strain Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 was able to produce fibrinolytic protease with biochemical characteristics favorable for application in veterinary and human medicine.(AU)
Subject(s)
Peptide Hydrolases/analysis , Streptomyces , Fermentation , Fibrinolytic Agents , MetalloproteasesABSTRACT
We conducted a survival analysis with competing risks to estimate the mortality rate and predictive factors for immunodeficiency-related death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in northeast Brazil. A cohort with 2372 PLWH was enrolled between July 2007 and June 2010 and monitored until 31 December 2012 at two healthcare centres. The event of interest was immunodeficiency-related death, which was defined based on the Coding Causes of Death in HIV Protocol (CoDe). The predictor variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, illicit drugs, tobacco, alcohol, nutritional status, antiretroviral therapy, anaemia and CD4 cell count at baseline; and treatment or chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis (TB) during follow-up. We used Fine & Gray's model for the survival analyses with competing risks, since we had regarded immunodeficiency-unrelated deaths as a competing event, and we estimated the adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratios (SHRs). In 10 012·6 person-years of observation there were 3·1 deaths/100 person-years (2·3 immunodeficiency-related and 0·8 immunodeficiency-unrelated). TB (SHR 4·01), anaemia (SHR 3·58), CD4 <200 cells/mm3 (SHR 3·33) and being unemployed (SHR 1·56) were risk factors for immunodeficiency-related death. This study discloses a 13% coverage by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in our state and adds that anaemia at baseline or the incidence of TB may increase the specific risk of dying from HIV-immunodeficiency, regardless of HAART and CD4.