ABSTRACT
Phospholipase D (PLD) lipid-signaling enzyme superfamily has been widely implicated in various human malignancies, but its role and underlying mechanism remain unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we analyze the expressions of 6 PLD family members between 87 NPC and 10 control samples through transcriptome analysis. Our findings reveal a notable upregulation of PLD1 in both NPC tumors and cell lines, correlating with worse disease-free and overall survival in NPC patients. Functional assays further elucidate PLD1's oncogenic role, demonstrating its pivotal promotion of critical tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Notably, our study uncovers a positive feedback loop between PLD1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway to render NPC progression. Specifically, PLD1 enhances NF-κB activity by facilitating the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of RELA (p65), which in turn binds to the promoter of PLD1, augmenting its expression. Moreover, RELA overexpression significantly rescues the inhibitory effects in PLD1-depleted NPC cells. Importantly, the application of the PLD1 inhibitor, VU0155069, significantly inhibits NPC tumorigenesis in a patient-derived xenograft model. Together, our findings identify PLD1/NF-κB signaling as a positive feedback loop with promising therapeutic and prognostic potential in NPC.
ABSTRACT
The importance of trained immunity in antitumor immunity has been increasingly recognized, but the underlying metabolic regulation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we find that squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, is required for ß-glucan-induced trained immunity in macrophages and ensuing antitumor activity. Unexpectedly, the shunt pathway, but not the classical cholesterol synthesis pathway, catalyzed by SQLE, is required for trained immunity induction. Specifically, 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (24(S),25-EC), the shunt pathway metabolite, activates liver X receptor and increases chromatin accessibility to evoke innate immune memory. Meanwhile, SQLE-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein for metabolic switching into glycolysis. Hence, our findings identify 24(S),25-EC as a key metabolite for trained immunity and provide important insights into how SQLE regulates trained-immunity-mediated antitumor activity.
Subject(s)
Mice, Inbred C57BL , Squalene Monooxygenase , Animals , Squalene Monooxygenase/metabolism , Mice , Cholesterol/metabolism , Cholesterol/biosynthesis , Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives , Liver X Receptors/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Macrophages/immunology , Macrophages/drug effects , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Immunity, Innate/drug effects , Humans , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
Uncovering the immune response to an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (In-Vac) and natural infection is crucial for comprehending COVID-19 immunology. Here we conducted an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples derived from 12 individuals receiving In-Vac compared with those from COVID-19 patients. Our study reveals that In-Vac induces subtle immunological changes in PBMC, including cell proportions and transcriptomes, compared with profound changes for natural infection. In-Vac modestly upregulates IFN-α but downregulates NF-κB pathways, while natural infection triggers hyperactive IFN-α and NF-κB pathways. Both In-Vac and natural infection alter T/B cell receptor repertoires, but COVID-19 has more significant change in preferential VJ gene, indicating a vigorous immune response. Our study reveals distinct patterns of cellular communications, including a selective activation of IL-15RA/IL-15 receptor pathway after In-Vac boost, suggesting its potential role in enhancing In-Vac-induced immunity. Collectively, our study illuminates multifaceted immune responses to In-Vac and natural infection, providing insights for optimizing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , NF-kappa B , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccines, Inactivated , Immunity , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Antibodies, ViralABSTRACT
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is a type of tumor that arises at the anatomical junction of the esophagus and stomach. Although AEG is commonly classified as a subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the tumor microenvironment (TME) of AEG remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on tumor and adjacent normal tissues from four AEG patients and performed integrated analysis with publicly available GAC single-cell datasets. Our study for the first time comprehensively deciphered the TME landscape of AEG, where heterogeneous AEG malignant cells were identified with diverse biological functions and intrinsic malignant nature. We also depicted transcriptional signatures and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires for T cell subclusters, revealing enhanced exhaustion and reduced clone expansion along the developmental trajectory of tumor-infiltrating T cells within AEG. Notably, we observed prominent enrichment of tumorigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the AEG TME compared to GAC. These CAFs played a critical regulatory role in the intercellular communication network with other cell types in the AEG TME. Furthermore, we identified that the accumulation of CAFs in AEG might be induced by malignant cells through FGF-FGFR axes. Our findings provide a comprehensive depiction of the AEG TME, which underlies potential therapeutic targets for AEG patient treatment.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts , Stomach Neoplasms , Humans , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Esophagogastric Junction , Single-Cell Analysis , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
Eosinophils are a group of granulocytes well known for their capacity to protect the host from parasites and regulate immune function. Diverse biological roles for eosinophils have been increasingly identified, but the developmental pattern and regulation of the eosinophil lineage remain largely unknown. Herein, we utilize the zebrafish model to analyze eosinophilic cell differentiation, distribution, and regulation. By identifying eslec as an eosinophil lineage-specific marker, we establish a Tg(eslec:eGFP) reporter line, which specifically labeled cells of the eosinophil lineage from early life through adulthood. Spatial-temporal analysis of eslec+ cells demonstrates their organ distribution from larval stage to adulthood. By single-cell RNA-Seq analysis, we decipher the eosinophil lineage cells from lineage-committed progenitors to mature eosinophils. Through further genetic analysis, we demonstrate the role of Cebp1 in balancing neutrophil and eosinophil lineages, and a Cebp1-Cebpß transcriptional axis that regulates the commitment and differentiation of the eosinophil lineage. Cross-species functional comparisons reveals that zebrafish Cebp1 is the functional orthologue of human C/EBPεP27 in suppressing eosinophilopoiesis. Our study characterizes eosinophil development in multiple dimensions including spatial-temporal patterns, expression profiles, and genetic regulators, providing for a better understanding of eosinophilopoiesis.
Subject(s)
CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins , Eosinophils , Zebrafish , Animals , Humans , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Eosinophils/metabolism , Neutrophils/metabolism , Zebrafish/genetics , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between lifestyle and myopia and construct Nomogram model to predict myopia risk among primary school students in Tianjin, so as to provide a scientific basis for precision myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#From April to July of 2022, a census method was used to conduct vision testing and lifestyle related questionnaires among 373 180 primary school students in 15 districts of Tianjin. The relationship between lifestyle and myopia was analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed to predict myopia risk.@*Results@#The detection rate of myopia among primary school students in Tianjin was 37.6%. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression showed that daily outdoor activity time of 1-2 h ( OR =0.94) and >2 h ( OR =0.84), time of using daily electronic devices of >2 h ( OR =1.03), daily paper materials reading and writing time of 1-2 h ( OR =1.02) and >2 h ( OR =1.09), weekly fresh vegetable intake of 2-6 times ( OR =0.93) and ≥7 times ( OR =0.88) were statistically correlated with myopia ( P <0.01). The Nomogram prediction model showed that the factors associated with myopia were grade, family history of myopia, gender, daily outdoor activity time, weekly frequency of fresh vegetable intake, daily paper materials reading and writing time, and time of using daily electronic devices time.@*Conclusions@#The lifestyle of primary school students in Tianjin is associated with myopia. The constructed nomogram model could provide a scientific basis for identifying key intervention populations for myopia prevention and taking targeted prevention and control measures.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the predictive value of uterine artery ultrasound examination during early pregnancy for gestational hypertension.Methods:A total of 100 patients with gestational hypertension who received treatment in Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were included in the observation group. An additional 100 healthy pregnant women who concurrently underwent routine physical examination were included in the control group. Using the case-control study method, both groups underwent uterine artery ultrasound examination during early (7-11 gestational weeks and 6 days) pregnancy. Uterine artery ultrasound data [resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and arterial peak systolic/diastolic flow velocity (S/D)] were determined and compared between the two groups. Patients in the observation group were followed up to delivery, and the adverse maternal and infant outcomes were analyzed. Those with adverse maternal and infant outcomes were included in the poor prognosis group, while those without adverse maternal and infant outcomes were included in the good prognosis group. The ultrasound data of uterine arteries were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between uterine artery ultrasound data and adverse maternal and infant outcomes.Results:The RI, PI, and S/D of pregnant women in the observation group were (0.56 ± 0.15), (1.29 ± 0.34), (3.79 ± 0.32), respectively, which were significantly greater than (0.41 ± 0.12), (0.72 ± 0.21), (2.88 ± 0.25) in the control group ( t = 7.80, 14.26, 22.40, all P < 0.001). In the observation group, there were 11 cases of premature birth, 2 cases of miscarriage, 4 cases of postpartum hemorrhage, 4 cases of premature rupture of amniotic fluid, 5 cases of fetal distress, 3 cases of neonatal asphyxia, and 1 case of neonatal growth restriction. The total incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes was 30.0% (30/100). The RI, PI, and S/D of pregnant women in the poor prognosis group were (0.65 ± 0.19), (1.37 ± 0.40), and (4.06 ± 0.37), respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.50 ± 0.13), (1.16 ± 0.31), and (3.35 ± 0.29) in the good prognosis group ( t = 4.57, 2.83, 10.30, all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was performed using adverse maternal and infant outcomes as dependent variables and RI, PI, and S/D as independent variables. Logistic regression analysis results showed that RI, PI, and S/D were the risk factors for adverse maternal and infant outcomes ( OR = 2.760, 1.832, 3.241, 95% CI = 1.209-5.985, 1.001-2.971, 2.134-10.159). Conclusion:Uterine artery ultrasound examination during early pregnancy has a certain reference value for predicting gestational hypertension and evaluating adverse maternal and infant outcomes. It can provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis and treatment of gestational hypertension and is beneficial for patient prognosis.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo assess the coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly. MethodsThis study was conducted in Changning District of Shanghai, targeting people aged 60 years and above. Vaccination data between 21 December 2020 and 28 February 2022 was retrieved from the Shanghai Collective Immunization System. Information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 2022 through May 2022 was collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the screening method. ResultsAs of 28 February 2022, 69.89% of people aged ≥60 years had received ≥1-dose vaccine, 63.80% had received full primary vaccination and 31.91% had received a booster dose. Vaccination coverage declined over age, with the lowest coverage in the elderly aged ≥80 years. Moreover, COVID-19 vaccination provided the highest protection against severe/critical illness and death due to the Omicron variants in the elderly aged ≥60 years. Full primary vaccination showed 96.15%(95%CI:84.15‒99.06)of vaccine effectiveness and booster vaccination showed 100% of the effectiveness against severe/critical COVID-19 and death. ConclusionsFull primary and booster vaccination coverage in the elderly is low, especially in those aged 80 and above. Our study finds high protection against COVID-19 associated severe/critical illness and death from both full primary and booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly aged ≥60 years.
ABSTRACT
Extracellular elastase-like protease is one of the key virulence proteases of Scedosporium aurantiacum. To date, little is known about this enzyme in terms of genetic information, structure, properties and virulence mechanism due to the difficulties in purification caused by its low secretion amount, high specific activity, uncompleted genome sequencing and annotation. This work investigated the gene, structure and enzymatic properties of this enzyme. The S. aurantiacum elastase-like protease from the fungal culture supernatant was analyzed through tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach, illustrating its primary structure. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the conserved domain and tertiary structure, the enzymatic properties were also studied. It turned out that S. aurantiacum extracellular elastase-like protease demonstrated well hydrolysis towards elastin and bovine achilles tendon collagen, with Vmax of 18.14 μg/s and 17.57 μg/s respectively, better than fish scale gelatin, with the lowest hydrolysis effect on casein. Its activity towards elastin was lower than that of the elastase from porcine pancreas, with values of Kcat/Km of 3.541 (μg/s) and 4.091 (μg/s), respectively. It was an alkaline protease, with optimal pH 8.2 and temperature 37 oC. Zn2+ promoted the enzymatic activity while Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, elastatinal and PMSF inhibited its activity. Its sequence was similar to Paecilomyces lilacinus secreted serine protease (PDB Entry: c3f7oB_) with multiple conserved fractions each containing more than 7 amino acids, thus suitable for design of PCR primer. This study increased our knowledge on S. aurantiacum extracellular elastase-like protease in terms of structure and enzymatic properties, and may facilitate later studies on protein expression and virulence mechanism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Pancreatic Elastase/genetics , Elastin/genetics , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Serine Proteases/geneticsABSTRACT
Some patients with corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) experienced a severe exacerbation of the disease due to the occurrence of inflammatory storm during the development of the disease. They are complicated with acute respiratory distress, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and other serious complications, with a poor prognosis and a high mortality. For the inflammation storm, western medicine mostly adopts glucocorticoids, nutritional support, artificial ventilation assistance and other measures at present. The development of artificial liver, blood purification therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other technologies have also reduced the mortality of patients to some extent. However, due to the high requirements for equipment, the measures have not yet been widely carried out. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the basic pathogenesis of COVID-19 is epidemic toxin invasion, lung and spleen being affected by pathogens, damaging vital Qi, and pathological properties involving dampness, heat, poison, stasis and deficiency. At the stage of inflammation storm, the pathogens are abundant, while the vital Qi is deficient, and the pathogens occlude lung, and disturb the heart and mind, and blood stasis and toxicity are combined with Qi-Yin deficiency. In severe cases, even both Yin and Yang exhaustion occurs. At present, a number of studies have shown that a variety of Chinese herbal medicines have multi-target immunomodulatory effect on viral pneumonia and cytokine storm. TCM participates in whole process of the occurrence and development of inflammation storm, mainly eliminating pathogens in early stage, controlling inflammation and blocking occurrence of inflammation storm, eliminating pathogens and strengthening the body resistance to eliminate the pathological products of the inflammation storm, and promoting the dissipation and absorption of inflammation in the middle stage, and saving lives in late stage by benefiting Qi and relieving depletion, and restoring Yang and rescuing from collapse. On the basis of pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19 inflammation storm and the theory of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, this paper summarized the pharmacological studies on intervention on inflammatory storm with relevant Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese medicine prescriptions and Chinese medicine preparations, and discussed the intervention measures of TCM in different development stages of inflammatory storm, in expectation of providing the guidance for clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of acupoint catgut embedding for chloasma in premenopausal women with liver stagnation.@*METHODS@#A total of 92 patients of chloasma in premenopausal women with liver stagnation were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 46 cases in each one.In the observation group, acupoint catgut embedding was applied at Ganshu (BL 18), Pishu (BL 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), also the surrounding acupuncture was performed at facial part, once a week. In the control group, vitamin C (200 mg per time, 3 times a day) and vitamin E (100 mg per time, once a day) were prescribed for oral administration. Both of the two groups were given treatment for 12 weeks. The score of chloasma area and severity index (MASI), the serum levels of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), leuteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E) before and after treatment were observed in the two groups, and the clinical effect of the two groups were compared after 3 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Finally, 44 cases in the observation group and 43 cases in the control group completed the study. The effective rate in the observation group was 88.6% (39/44), which was higher than 55.8% (24/43) in the control group (0.05). There was no significant difference between before treatment and in follow-up in the levels of FSH, LH and E in the control group (>0.05). In follow-up, the levels of FSH and LH in the observation group were lower than the control group (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoint catgut embedding can improve the clinical symptoms of chloasma in premenopausal women with liver stagnation, the mechanism may be related to regulate the serum level of sex hormone to reduce high sensitivity of melanocytes to estrogen.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Catgut , Liver , Melanosis , Therapeutics , QiABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the situation of inventory and consumption of non-implantable medical device of urinary surgery of teaching hospital so as to provide theoretical basis for improving logistics management of non-implantable medical device and effectively implementing decision of cost control.Methods: The inventory and usage situation of non-implantable medical devices of urinary surgery of teaching hospital during 2011 year and 2016 year were collected,and the Pareto rule was applied.And then these non-implantable medical devices of urinary surgery were divided into three categories(A,B and C)according to consumption sum of annual mean.Results: As the calculation results of consumption sum of annual mean,the non-implantable medical devices included 8 kinds of medical devices that were infusion device(49.808%),20mL syringe(10.912%),electrode(7.663%),medical gloves(5.634%),5mL syringe(2.293%),2mL syringe(2.209%),3M adhesive plaster(1.474%)and expander(1.435%),respectively.And the ratios of medical devices of A,B and C in the total amount of consumption of annual mean were 81.43%,9.88%and 8.69%,respectively.And their ratio in non-implantable medical device were 8.64%,9.75%and 81.48%,respectively.Conclusion: Logistics management involves many links,and if the ratio of one kind of medical device in the total amount of mean consumption is 80%while the ratio of type of goods is under 20%,we should strengthen the management for it.
ABSTRACT
Objective Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) may cause lung injury.This study explores two factors that are associated with lung damage from ANP,the expression of tumor suppressor factor CYLD and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).Methods 72 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation,ANP,and GdCl3 treatment groups (n=24 for each group).A retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreeatic duct of rats induced ANP,and the animals were killed 1,3,6,and 12 hours after the ANP induction.AMs were harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage technique,and TNF-a and IL-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated.Lung tissue was checked with histological examinations,and the activity of NF-κB and CYLD in AM were measured by western blot.Results TNF-α and IL-1β secreted by AM were gradually elevated,peaked on the sixth hour,had maximums of (491.3 ±20.3)ng/L and (178.83±11.32)ng/L respectively,and decreased on the twelfth hour.The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the ANP group were significantly higher than the sham operation group (P<0.05),and the GdC13 group levels were obviously lower than ANP group.In the sham operation group,the expression of NF-κB was low and CYLD was high.In the ANP group,when compared to the sham operation group,the expression of NF-κB rose after 3 hours and continued to rise with time progression (P<0.05).In contrast,CYLD protein expression in the ANP group dropped after 3 hours and continued to gradually decrease (P<0.05).The CYLD and NF-κB protein expression in GdCl3 groups had similar trends as the ANP group.GdCl3 group CYLD levels began to rise at 6 hours (P<0.05),and NF κB levels began to fall at 1 hour (P<0.05).The expression of NF-κB and CYLD possessed a negative correlation in both the ANP and GdCl3 groups (r =-0.918,r=-0.723,P< 0.01).Conclusions Therefore,in acute lung injury associated with acute pancreatitis,CYLD expression decreased with evident phases,such as a decrease in levels after 3 hours,and NF κB expression increased.Also,GdCl3 may be responsible for upregulation of CYLD expression and downregulation of NF-κB expression,and confirmed that CYLD had a negative effect on NF-κB.Perhaps GdCl3 could be used in the future to ameliorate the lung injury associated with ANP.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of abdominal acupuncture for adhesion-stage shoulder periarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty-seven cases of shoulder periarthritis were randomly divided into an abdominal acupuncture group (79 cases) and a body acupuncture group (78 cases). The abdominal acupuncture was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), Shangqu (KI 17) and Huaroumen (ST 24) in the abdominal acupuncture group while conventional acupuncture was applied at Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14) and Jianzhen (SI 9) in the body acupuncture group. The treatment was given three times a week for both groups and ten times made an observation course. Before and after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted for pain assessment and functional activity score (Mallet score) was used for shoulder joint function assessment for all the patients. Also the efficacy of both groups was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in the abdominal acupuncture group was 92.4% (73/79), which was superior to 71.8% (56/78) in the body acupuncture group. The score of VAS after the treatment was 2.58 +/- 1.64 in the abdominal acupuncture group while 3.12 +/- 1.93 in the body acupuncture group, which had no statistical significance between each other (P > 0.05). The functional activity score after the treatment was 8.34 +/- 3.02 in the abdominal acupuncture group while 7.49 +/- 3.36 in the body acupuncture group, which had no statistical significance between each other (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abdominal acupuncture is an ideal treatment for adhesion-stage shoulder periarthritis, which has better total efficacy than conventional acupuncture. It achieves the same effect in relieving pain and improving functional activity as conventional acupuncture, but also has an advantage at fast selection of acupoint and less discomfort of needling sensation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Periarthritis , Therapeutics , ShoulderABSTRACT
Objective To study the antitumor components from an actinomycete strain(N2010-37)of bottom mud in Zhanjiang Mangrove,South China Sea.Methods The components were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques and recrystallization,and the structures were identified by spectral methods together with physicochemical analyses.The antitumor effects of these components were tested in vitro by MTT method.Results Three compounds were identified including two anthrones and one novel lactone.They are(3S,4R,7R,8R,9S)-3,8-dihydroxy-4,7,9-trimethyl-2,6-cyclononanediolacetone(1),2-hydroxy-l-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone(2),and 1,6,8-thihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone(3).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound,and compounds 1 and 3 show the favorablecytotoxic activities against human chronic granulocytic leukemia cell line K562 strain by MTT method in vitro.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut embedding on hypomenorrhea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients were divided into an acupoint catgut embedding group and an electroacupuncture group. They were treated respectively by acupoint catgut embedding and electroacupuncture at Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Ciliao (BL 32) , etc. The effects of the two therapies on the menses amount in different therapeutic periods were compared and their therapeutic effects were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 100.0% in the acupoint catgut embedding group and 95.0% in the electroacupuncture group with no significant difference. One month and two months after treatment, the acupoint catgut embedding group in improving degree of the menses amount was better than the electroacupuncture group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both acupoint catgut embedding and electroacupuncture can effectively treat hypomenorrhea, but the former more rapidly produces the effect and has a better short-term therapeutic effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Menstruation Disturbances , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Discuss contribution of Classic on 81 Medical Problems to acupuncture and moxibustion science, and emphatically introduce theories of Eight Extra Channels, eight Hui-points, five Back-shu points, clinical application of source points, theory of Back-shu and Front-mu points, and special needling technique, etc., which provide thinking and methods for the modern workers of acupuncture and moxibustion to study and research classical works of TCM in combination with clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Moxibustion , ScienceABSTRACT
Li Shi-zhen's contribution for eight extra-channel theory and effects of this theory on medicine, and the author's experiences on clinical application of this theory are introduced. It is held that the eight extra-channel theory, one of the essence of TCM, has wide application values in resolving clinical practical problems.