ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor arising in lymph nodes or extra-nodal lymphoid tissues, with an incidence of 8.3 per million. It accounts for approximately 7% of childhood and adolescent malignancies, second only to leukemia and brain tumors. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the most common extra-nodal site involved by lymphoma, primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) is rare and typically affects middle-aged men without specific clinical symptoms. Here, we present the case of a 2-year-old child indicative of PIL with the informed consent of the parents.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of oleuropein on cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in diabetic rats. Method: A diabetic rat model was constructed using streptozotocin, and the diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups with different treatment for 4 weeks, named STZ group (gavaged with normal saline), STZ+LOE group (40 mg/kg oleuropein, and STZ+SITA group (30 mg/kg sitagliptin). The fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index were measured in rats. After the last treatment, the Morris water maze experiment was carried out, and the rats were first subjected to training experiments for 4 consecutive days; the escape latency, number of crossing platform quadrant intersections, time spent in the target quadrant, and swimming speed were recorded. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, interleukin- (IL-) 1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mTOR expression levels in rat hippocampus tissues were detected. Results: Oleuropein reduced insulin resistance, spatial learning, and memory ability in diabetic rats. It also could improve oxidative stress and inflammatory response and activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in hippocampus tissues. Conclusion: Oleuropein ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in diabetic rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
We present a new class of phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bipyridyl-phenylenediamine complexes [Ir(N^C)2 (bpy-DA)](PF6 ) (bpy-DA=4-(N-(2-amino-5-methoxyphenyl)aminomethyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine; HN^C=2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (Hdfppy) (1 a), 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy) (2 a), 2-phenylquinoline (Hpq) (3 a), 2-phenylcinchoninic acid methyl ester (Hpqe) (4 a)) and their triazole counterparts [Ir(N^C)2 (bpy-T)](PF6 ) (bpy-T=4-((6-methoxybenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine; HN^C=Hdfppy (1 b), Hppy (2 b), Hpq (3 b), Hpqe (4 b)). Upon photoexcitation, the diamine complexes exhibited fairly weak green to red phosphorescence under ambient conditions whereas the triazole derivatives emitted strongly. The photophysical properties of complexes 2 a and 2 b have been studied in more detail. Upon protonation, the diamine complex 2 a displayed increased emission intensity, but the emission properties of its triazole counterpart complex 2 b were independent on the pH value of the solution. Also, complex 2 a was found to be readily converted into complex 2 b upon reaction with NO under aerated conditions, resulting in substantial emission enhancement of the solution. The reaction was highly specific toward NO over other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) as revealed by spectroscopic analyses. The lipophilicity and cellular uptake efficiency of the diamine complexes have been examined and correlated to their molecular structures. Also, cell-based assays showed that these complexes were noncytotoxic toward human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells (at 10 µM, 4 h, percentage survival ≈80-95%). Additionally, the diamine complexes have been used to visualize intracellular NO generated both exogenously in HeLa cells and endogenously in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.