Aerobic training method in throwing application / Aplicação do método de treinamento aeróbico em arremessos / Aplicación del método de entrenamiento aeróbico en los lanzamientos

ABSTRACT Introduction Strength training is a vital training modality for sports. Upper body strength training is critical for throwing. Aerobic activity can effectively develop upper body strength in throwing athletes. Objective Analyze the effect of aerobic training on upper body strength in throwing athletes. Methods Several ball pitchers were selected as research volunteers. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The study adopted the method of establishing statistics to analyze the strength and performance of throwing athletes before and after aerobic training. This work also analyzed the relationship between aerobics and throwing ability. Results There were significant differences in the upper limb strength of throwing athletes after aerobic intervention (P<0.05). The strength of the experimental group was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion The aerobic intervention method is an effective way to improve upper limb strength in throwing athletes. It is recommended that athletes apply upper limb strength training to their daily training. The aerobic training method is a safe and effective choice. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de força é uma modalidade de treinamento vital para a prática de esportes. O treinamento de força da parte superior do corpo é fundamental para o arremesso. A atividade aeróbica pode efetivamente desenvolver a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Objetivo Analisar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico sobre a força dos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Métodos Selecionou-se vários arremessadores de bolas como voluntários de pesquisa. Estes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de controle e experimental. O trabalho adotou o método do estabelecimento de estatísticas para analisar a força e o desempenho dos atletas arremessadores antes e depois do treinamento de aeróbica. Paralelamente, este trabalho também analisou a relação entre a aeróbica e a capacidade de arremesso. Resultados Houve diferenças significativas na força dos membros superiores dos atletas arremessadores após a intervenção aeróbica (P<0,05). A força do grupo experimental foi significativamente aperfeiçoada (P<0,05). Conclusão O método de intervenção aeróbica é uma maneira eficaz de melhorar a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Recomenda-se aos atletas aplicar o treinamento da força dos membros superiores ao treinamento diário. O método de treinamento de aeróbica é uma escolha segura e eficaz. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de fuerza es una modalidad de entrenamiento vital para la práctica deportiva. El entrenamiento de la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo es fundamental para el lanzamiento. La actividad aeróbica puede desarrollar eficazmente la fuerza en los miembros superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento. Objetivo Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico en la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo de los atletas de lanzamiento. Métodos Se seleccionaron varios lanzadores de pelota como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos de control y experimental. El trabajo adoptó el método de establecer estadísticas para analizar la fuerza y el rendimiento de los atletas de lanzamiento antes y después del entrenamiento aeróbico. Paralelamente, este trabajo también analizó la relación entre el aeróbic y la capacidad de lanzamiento. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas en la fuerza de las extremidades superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento después de la intervención aeróbica (P<0,05). La fuerza del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión El método de intervención aeróbica es una forma eficaz de mejorar la fuerza de las extremidades superiores en los atletas de lanzamiento. Se recomienda que los deportistas apliquen el entrenamiento de fuerza de las extremidades superiores en su entrenamiento diario. El método de entrenamiento aeróbico es una opción segura y eficaz. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impact of plyometric training on the lower limb strength of gymnasts / Impactos do treino pliométrico na força dos membros inferiores de ginastas / Impacto del entrenamiento pliométrico en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores de gimnastas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plyometric training consists of a compound of stretching followed by immediate contraction, favoring the elastic properties of the soft tissues and aiming to promote a higher explosive force in the athletes. Objective: Explore the impact of plyometrics on aerobic gymnastics practitioners' explosive force in the lower limbs. Methods: In this experiment, a total of 16 aerobic gymnastics athletes were selected and divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The control group remained with their usual training, while a sport-specific plyometric protocol was added to the experimental group. Results: Composite plyometric training can improve the short-distance running ability of aerobic gymnastics athletes; the effect of running 5m in the start and 10m in the start was statistically evidenced. However, the 20m run had similar results. Conclusion: The explosive power of the lower limbs in different activities is related to the specific training of aerobic gymnastics athletes focused on the muscles corresponding to the activity, showing a significant positive correlation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento pliométrico consiste num composto de alongamento seguido de imediata contração, favorecendo as propriedades elásticas dos tecidos moles visando promover uma maior força de explosão nos atletas. Objetivo: Explorar os impactos da pliometria sobre a força explosiva nos membros inferiores dos praticantes de ginástica aeróbica. Métodos: Neste experimento, um total de 16 atletas em ginástica aeróbica foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos: o grupo de controle e o grupo experimental. O grupo controle permaneceu com seu treinamento usual enquanto ao grupo experimental foi acrescido um protocolo pliométrico específico para o esporte. Resultados: O treinamento composto de pliometria pode melhorar a capacidade de corrida de curta distância de atletas de ginástica aeróbica, o efeito de correr 5m em largada e 10m em largada foi estatisticamente evidenciado, porém a corrida de 20m não teve resultados diferentes. Conclusão: O poder explosivo dos membros inferiores em diferentes atividades está relacionado ao treinamento específico dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica focado nos músculos correspondentes à atividade, evidenciando uma correlação positiva significativa. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento pliométrico consiste en un compuesto de estiramientos seguido de una contracción inmediata, favoreciendo las propiedades elásticas de los tejidos blandos con el objetivo de promover una mayor fuerza explosiva en los deportistas. Objetivo: Explorar los impactos del entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la fuerza explosiva en los miembros inferiores de los practicantes de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: En este experimento, se seleccionaron un total de 16 atletas de gimnasia aeróbica y se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo de control y el grupo experimental. El grupo de control siguió con su entrenamiento habitual mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo pliométrico específico para el deporte. Resultados: El entrenamiento compuesto de pliometría puede mejorar la capacidad de correr distancias cortas de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica, se evidenció estadísticamente el efecto de correr 5m en salida y 10m en salida, sin embargo, la carrera de 20m no tuvo resultados diferentes. Conclusión: La potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores en diferentes actividades está relacionada con el entrenamiento específico de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica centrado en los músculos correspondientes a la actividad, evidenciando una correlación positiva significativa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Adaptation of cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people by aerobic exercise / Adaptação da resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas por exercício aeróbico / Adaptación de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria personas obesas mediante ejercicio aeróbico

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is a critical pathogenic factor of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in metabolic syndrome and an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease leading to low cardiorespiratory endurance. Objective Explore the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance adaptation on obese subjects caused by aerobic exercise. Methods A cardiorespiratory exercise model was proposed for obese people under different optimizations based on critical variables and cluster analysis. This model analyzes the relationship between exercise and cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people, extracts the cardiorespiratory endurance index characteristics of obese people under different exercise levels, and clusters their different index characteristics. Results The difference between the heart rate of the proposed model and the actual heart rate is 0.11, the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 4.28, and the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 2.84, and the accuracy of the proposed model is the highest. Conclusion The model proposed in this paper can accurately analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução A obesidade não é apenas um fator patogênico chave da hipertensão e da hiperlipidemia na síndrome metabólica, mas também um fator de risco independente de doença cardiovascular que leva a baixa resistência cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo Explorar as alterações na adaptação da resistência cardiorrespiratória em obesos causadas pelo exercício aeróbico. Métodos Foi proposto um modelo de exercício cardiorrespiratório para pessoas obesas sob diferentes otimizações com base em variáveis-chave e análise de agrupamento. O modelo analisa a relação entre o exercício e a resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas, extrai as características do índice de resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas sob diferentes níveis de exercício e agrupa suas diferentes características de índice. Resultados A diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo proposto e a frequência cardíaca real é de 0,11, a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 4,28, e a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 2,84, e a precisão do modelo proposto é a mais alta. Conclusão O modelo proposto neste trabalho pode analisar com precisão os efeitos de diferentes frequências de exercícios aeróbicos sobre a resistência cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción La obesidad no sólo es un factor patogénico clave de la hipertensión y la hiperlipidemia en el síndrome metabólico, sino también un factor de riesgo independiente de enfermedad cardiovascular que conduce a una baja resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la adaptación de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos obesos provocados por el ejercicio aeróbico. Métodos Se propuso un modelo de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio para personas obesas bajo diferentes optimizaciones basadas en variables-clave y en el análisis de grupos. El modelo analiza la relación entre el ejercicio y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en las personas obesas, extrae las características del índice de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria de las personas obesas bajo diferentes niveles de ejercicio y agrupa sus diferentes características del índice. Resultados La diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo propuesto y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 0,11, la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 4,28, y la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 2,84, y la precisión del modelo propuesto es la más alta. Conclusión El modelo propuesto en este trabajo puede analizar con precisión los efectos de diferentes frecuencias de ejercicio aeróbico en la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Improvement of polyhydroxybutyrate production by deletion of csrA in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be efficiently produced in recombinant Escherichia coli by the overexpression of an operon (NphaCAB) encoding PHB synthetase. Strain improvement is considered to be one of critical factors to lower the production cost of PHB in recombinant system. In this study, one of key regulators that affect the cell growth and PHB content was confirmed and analyzed. RESULT: S17-3, a mutant E. coli strain derived from S17-1, was found to be able to achieve high cell density when expressing NphaCAB with the plasmid pBhya-CAB. Whole genome sequencing of S17-3 revealed genetic alternations on the upstream regions of csrA, encoding a global regulator cross-talking between stress response, catabolite repression and other metabolic activities. Deletion of csrA or expression of mutant csrA resulted in improved cell density and PHB content. CONCLUSION: The impact of gene deletion of csrA was determined, dysfunction of the regulators improved the cell density of recombinant E. coli and PHB production, however, the detail mechanism needs to be further clarified.

Observation of the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by different interventions on cirrhotic rats.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has attracted attention for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of different methods of BMSCs transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: 10 were used to extract BMSCs, 10 were used as normal group, and the remaining 52 rats were randomly divided into five groups for testing: control group, BMSCs group, BMSCs+granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group, and BMSCs+Jisheng Shenqi decoction (JSSQ) group. After the end of the intervention course, liver tissue sections of rats were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, and pathological grades were scored. Liver function [aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB)] and hepatic fibrosis markers [hyaluronidase (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV)] were measured. BMSCs+JSSQ group had the best effect of reducing ALT and increasing ALB after intervention therapy (P<0.05). The reducing pathological scores and LN, PCIII, CIV of BMSCs+G-CSF group and BMSCs+JSSQ group after intervention therapy were significant, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The effect of JSSQ on improving stem cell transplantation in rats with liver cirrhosis was confirmed. JSSQ combined with BMSCs could significantly improve liver function and liver pathology scores of rats with liver cirrhosis.

Observation of the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by different interventions on cirrhotic rats

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has attracted attention for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of different methods of BMSCs transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: 10 were used to extract BMSCs, 10 were used as normal group, and the remaining 52 rats were randomly divided into five groups for testing: control group, BMSCs group, BMSCs+granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group, and BMSCs+Jisheng Shenqi decoction (JSSQ) group. After the end of the intervention course, liver tissue sections of rats were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, and pathological grades were scored. Liver function [aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB)] and hepatic fibrosis markers [hyaluronidase (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV)] were measured. BMSCs+JSSQ group had the best effect of reducing ALT and increasing ALB after intervention therapy (P<0.05). The reducing pathological scores and LN, PCIII, CIV of BMSCs+G-CSF group and BMSCs+JSSQ group after intervention therapy were significant, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The effect of JSSQ on improving stem cell transplantation in rats with liver cirrhosis was confirmed. JSSQ combined with BMSCs could significantly improve liver function and liver pathology scores of rats with liver cirrhosis.

Survival of a newborn from a pregnant woman with rabies infection.

BACKGROUND: Rabies is very common in People's Republic of China. Each year thousands of people die because of this disease, but rabies diagnosed in pregnancy is very rare. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report the case of a pregnant woman who was infected with the rabies virus after a dog bite. The symptoms of rabies appeared in labor and she died after pregnancy. Her baby and husband did not develop the disease. CONCLUSION: The phenomenon that the newborn infant was healthy may be related to the protective role of placenta in resisting the invasion of the rabies virus or the absence of systemic viremia. The prompt administration of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulin to the infant may have also contributed to his survival.

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: Rabies is very common in People's Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease. METHODS: We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients. RESULTS: A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %. CONCLUSIONS: Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 2005-2013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Background Rabies is very common in Peoples Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 20052013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.(AU)

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Background Rabies is very common in Peoples Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 20052013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Background Rabies is very common in People's Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 2005-2013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.(AU)