ABSTRACT
Researchers have questioned whether grit should be conceptualized and measured as a global (i.e., domain-general) or domain-specific construct. Although evidence is beginning to appear that grit in educational and sport contexts may be measured as domain-specific, it has not yet been explored in the organizational context. The objective of this research was to study the psychometric properties of grit as domain-specific for subsequently analyzing if such domain-specific grit (labor grit) improves the predictive validity of different organizational results. A sample of 326 active workers was used (Myears = 37.52; SD = 9.85). Their grit levels in the general domain and specific domain were evaluated, as well as their main personality traits and other organizational results such as work engagement and work performance. The grit instrument as domain-specific showed excellent reliability (ω = 0.92), and the unidimensionality of the instrument was confirmed. The results point to the fact that giving an organizational connotation to the grit items does not improve the predictability of the results. However, labor grit adds incremental validity over personality traits and work engagement to predict task and contextual performance (Δr2 = 0.13), but not to predict counterproductive behavior.
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The growing tendency towards 'urbanization' is promoting an increase in resource consumption and waste generation, which requires proper waste separation management with active participation of the population. To this end, it is essential to know the personal modifiable factors that predict recycling. The primary aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish language questionnaire designed to measure determinants of household waste separation for recycling purposes (ReDom Questionnaire). A cross-cultural adaptation, translation and psychometric evaluation was undertaken of an extant questionnaire originally developed in Swedish, and the resultant Spanish questionnaire was then subjected to reliability and validity testing. The questionnaire was developed using survey data from 759 respondents and 33 participants performed the retest to assess reliability. The resultant 'ReDom Questionnaire' is composed of three factors that draw on relevant elements of the COM-B framework: motivation (seven items), physical opportunity (three items) and social opportunity (three items). The accuracy of the scores is adequate both in terms of internal consistency (factorial weights >0.60; comparative fit index = 0.994; root mean square error of approximation = 0.049; root mean square residual (RMSR) = 0.053) and reliability (Pearson correlation >0.65; Cronbach's alpha >0.75). In conclusion, the Spanish ReDom Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties and appears useful for assessing the determinants of household waste separation.
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Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a broad range of interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities that are crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, managing emotions, setting and pursuing goals, and exploring new learning opportunities. To address the lack of consensus regarding terminology, definition, and assessment of SEB skills, Soto et al. developed the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI), which consists of 192 items, 32 facets, and 5 domains. The objective of the current study was to adapt the BESSI to Spanish (referred to as BESSI-Sp) and enhance the overall understanding of the BESSI framework. A sample of 303 people was employed with a mean age of 30.35 years (SD = 14.73), ranging from 18 to 85 years. The results indicate that the BESSI-Sp demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Its facet- and domain-level structure aligns with the theoretical expectations and closely resembles the English-language source version. The facets exhibit high reliability (mean ω = .89), and the scores demonstrate adequate stability after 3 to 4 weeks (mean rICC = .77). The BESSI-Sp also displays evidence of convergent validity and integrates well with the Big Five framework, providing incremental validity for various outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the assessment of SEB skills and future research in this field.
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El emprendimiento es uno de los aspectos más importantes para el crecimiento de cualquier país. Por un lado, por ser fuente de innovación, empleo y riqueza y, por otro, por las consecuencias negativas que conlleva el fracaso emprendedor, a nivel económico, social y psicológico. El estudio del emprendimiento se lleva a cabo mediante diferentes enfoques, como el social, económico, biológico y psicológico. Si bien nadie duda de la importancia de cada uno de ellos, el enfoque psicológico y, concretamente, la personalidad emprendedora, ha sido uno de los temas más estudiados en la última década. Suárez-Álvarez y Pedrosa (2016) realizaron una revisión exhaustiva del estudio de la personalidad emprendedora. El presente trabajo, más de cinco años después, tiene como objetivo presentar las principales aportaciones de la psicología a la evaluación de la personalidad emprendedora desde entonces (modelos teóricos e instrumentos de medida y sus propiedades psicométricas). Se discuten las líneas futuras de investigación.(AU)
Entrepreneurship is one of the most important aspects for the growth of any country. On the one hand, because it is a source of innovation, employment, and wealth and, on the other, because of the negative consequences of entrepreneurial failure, economically, socially, and psychologically. The study of entrepreneurship is carried out through different approaches, such as social, economic, biological, and psychological. Although no one doubts the importance of each of them, the psychological approach-specifically, the entrepreneurial personality-has been one of the most productive on this topic in the last decade. Suárez-Álvarez and Pedrosa (2016) conducted a comprehensive review of the study of entrepreneurial personality. The present article, more than five years later, aims to present the main contributions of psychology to the assessment of entrepreneurial personality since then (theoretical models and measurement instruments and their psychometric properties). Future lines of research are discussed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Personality/classification , Personality Assessment , Human Characteristics , Entrepreneurship , Psychology , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Background: Reading literacy is key for personal development and educational success. Previous studies have examined variables that influence and enhance development of reading literacy in specific contexts. However, there is no consensus about which teaching practices encourage development of reading in different settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate how educational strategies influence the development of reading literacy and to analyse their predictive capacity in various cultural, educational and social contexts. Method: The study used data from 294,527 students from 37 countries collected as part of the PISA 2018 study. The data were analysed using an adaptation of the Difference in Differences methodology, which allowed us to isolate the effects of the factors on the acquisition of reading literacy. Results: Students who enjoyed reading and explicitly used an effective reading strategy had reading scores that outperformed their mathematics results on the PISA scale by 4 to 9 points on average. Conclusions: Identifying key factors in the acquisition of reading literacysuch as enjoyment of readingand the use of effective strategiessuch as summarizing textsunderscores the need for suitably targeted educational policies.(AU)
Antecedentes: La competencia lectora es clave para el crecimiento personal y el éxito educativo. Estudios previos han analizado las variables que potencian la competencia lectora en contextos específicos. Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre las prácticas docentes que favorecen la evolución de esta competencia en distintos contextos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la influencia de las estrategias educativas en el desarrollo de la competencia lectora y analizar su capacidad predictiva en distintos contextos culturales, educativos y sociales. Método: Se utilizaron datos de 294.527 alumnos de 37 países recogidos en el estudio PISA 2018. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante una adaptación de la metodología Diferencias en Diferencias, que permitió aislar el efecto de los factores sobre la competencia lectora. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes que disfrutan leyendo y utilizan explícitamente una estrategia de lectura eficaz superan entre 4 y 9 puntos de media los resultados en matemáticas en la escala de PISA. Conclusiones: La identificación de factores clave en la adquisición de la competencia lectora, como el disfrute de la lectura y la utilización de estrategias eficaces de comprensión y síntesis de textos escritos, enfatiza la necesidad de generar políticas educativas orientadas a su desarrollo. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Reading , Comprehension , Mental Competency , Learning Disabilities , Child DevelopmentABSTRACT
One of the most determining factors of work performance is the degree of engagement of people to their work. That degree of engagement is influenced by both personal and organizational factors. The objective of this research is to analyze the connection between personal characteristics and organizational attributes with the work engagement of workers. The sample consisted of 286 employed workers; 83.5% were Spanish and 16.5% belonged to other Spanish-speaking countries. The mean age was 44.51 years (SD = 8.76) and 55.2% were women. For the prediction of work engagement, a hierarchical linear regression was carried out, first introducing the variables that evaluate personal characteristics (Big Five, entrepreneurial personality, emotional intelligence, and personal happiness) and, later, variables relating to organizational attributes (happiness work and organizational climate). General personality traits (Big Five) explain 22% of work engagement, this percentage rising to 47% when entrepreneurial personality is introduced in the model. Emotional intelligence does not explain additional variance, but personal happiness does. Happiness at work and organizational climate produce a significant increase and the explained variance rises from 55% to 63% when they are included in the model. Both the variables related to the personal characteristics of the employees and variables related to the organizational attributes jointly contribute to the explanation of the degree of work engagement. Workers with high scores on entrepreneurial personality traits achieve higher levels of work engagement, finding a moderating effect of the organizational climate in the relationship between people's autonomy and their work engagement.(AU)
Uno de los factores más determinantes del rendimiento laboral es el grado de compromiso de las personas con su trabajo. Ese grado de compromiso está influenciado tanto por factores personales como organizacionales. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la relación entre las características personales y los atributos organizacionales con el compromiso laboral de los trabajadores. La muestra estuvo formada por 286 trabajadores por cuenta ajena, de los cuales el 83.5% eran españoles y un 16.5% pertenecía a otros países de habla hispana. La media de edad fue de 44.51 años (DT = 8.76) y el 55.2% eran mujeres. Para la predicción del compromiso laboral se llevó a cabo una regresión lineal jerárquica, introduciendo en primer lugar las variables que evalúan las características personales (Big Five, personalidad emprendedora, inteligencia emocional y felicidad personal) y posteriormente las relativas a los atributos organizacionales (felicidad laboral y clima organizacional). Los rasgos generales de personalidad (Big Five) explican el 22% del compromiso laboral, porcentaje que se eleva hasta el 47% cuando se introduce la personalidad emprendedora en el modelo. La inteligencia emocional no explica varianza adicional, pero sí la felicidad personal. La felicidad laboral y el clima organizacional producen un incremento significativo, pasando del 55 al 63% la varianza explicada cuando se incluyen en el modelo. Tanto las variables relacionadas con las características personales de los trabajadores como aquellas relativas a los atributos organizacionales contribuyen conjuntamente a explicar el grado de compromiso laboral. Los trabajadores con puntuaciones elevadas en los rasgos específicos de la personalidad emprendedora alcanzan mayores niveles de compromiso laboral, encontrándose un efecto moderador del clima organizacional en la relación entre la autonomía de las personas y su compromiso laboral.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Work Engagement , Employee Performance Appraisal , Forecasting , Linear Models , Happiness , Emotional Intelligence , Personality , Psychology , Work , Role Playing , Organizations , Change ManagementABSTRACT
La investigación de la Masculinidad y la Feminidad posee una larga trayectoria. A pesar de ello, aún se continúa discutiendo sobre la naturaleza de estos conceptos. En el presente estudio, se presenta el desarrollo de la Escala de Roles de Género de Oviedo (ERGO). Se empleó una muestra de 612 participantes procedentes de la población general española (Maños = 34.2; DTaños = 15.9). Se estudió la dimensionalidad, los índices de discriminación, la fiabilidad y las evidencias de validez divergente y convergente del instrumento. Además, se estudiaron diferencias en rasgos generales (modelo Big Five) y específicos de personalidad en función del sexo, y se realizó un ANCOVA controlando las variables de Masculinidad y Feminidad. Se observó un buen ajuste a una estructura multidimensional de tres factores, con alfas de Cronbach indicando una fiabilidad buena (Socioemocional = .75; Comparación = .81; Agresividad = .77) y adecuadas evidencias de validez. Se observaron diferencias en función del sexo en varios rasgos de personalidad, pero, al controlar la Masculinidad y Feminidad, las diferencias desaparecieron. El ERGO es una prueba válida y fiable para el estudio de los roles de género. Se discute la implicación de una aproximación multidimensional de la Masculinidad y Feminidad.(AU)
The research on Masculinity and Femininity has a long history. Despite this, there is still discussion about the nature of these concepts. In the present study, the development of the Oviedo Gender Roles Scale (GRSO) is presented. A sample of 612 participants belonging to general Spanish population is used (Myears= 34.2; SDyears= 15.9). The dimensionali-ty, discrimination indices, reliability and evidence of convergent and diver-gent validity of the instrument were studied. In addition, differences in general (Big Five model) and specific personality traits based on sex were measured and an ANCOVA was performed controlling the variables of Masculinity and Femininity. A good fit to a three-factor multidimensional structure, with Cronbachs alphas indicating good reliability (Socioemo-tional = .75; Comparison = .81; Aggressiveness = .77) and adequate evi-dence of validity were observed. Differences based on sex were observed in various personality traits, but when controlling for Masculinity and Fem-ininity, such differences disappeared. ERGO is a reliable and valid test for the study of gender roles. The implication of a multidimensional approach on Masculinity and Femininity is discussed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Sciences , Masculinity , Femininity , Gender Identity , Gender Diversity , Sex , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Background: Previous research about use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) use during the COVID-19 lockdown has examined benefits and risks of SNS use (i.e., support through SNS, problematic SNS use and interaction about COVID-19) without comparing them. This study has two objectives: (i) to evaluate which SNS uses (problematic SNS use and interaction about COVID-19 on SNS) predict increased emotional distress, and (ii) to analyse if social support and interaction about COVID-19 mediated the relationship between time spent on SNS and increased emotional distress. Method: A total of 1,003 participants (75.5% women) over 18 years old took part (M = 42.33; SD = 14.32 years). Three hierarchical linear regressions were performed for the first objective and a path analysis was performed for the second. Results: Results showed that negative social comparison on SNS had the highest positive regression weight, followed by interaction about COVID-19 and addictive consequences. Also, an indirect effect of time spent on SNS on anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction through interaction about COVID-19 and support through SNS was found. Conclusions: The results indicate that comparative SNS use is the best predictor of emotional distress. The mediation model proposed was confirmed, highlighting the importance of assessing specific SNS uses.(AU)
Introducción: Estudios previos durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 sobre el uso de Redes Sociales (RRSS) han examinado los beneficios y riesgos de diferentes usos (uso problemático, interacción sobre el COVID-19 y apoyo mediante RRSS), sin compararlos. Este estudio tiene dos objetivos: a) evaluar qué uso de RRSS predice mejor el incremento de distrés emocional, y b) analizar si el apoyo y la interacción sobre COVID-19 en RRSS media la relación entre el tiempo de uso y el distrés emocional. Método: La muestra constó de 1,003 participantes (75.5% mujeres) mayores de 18 años (M = 42.33; DT = 14.32). Se llevaron a cabo tres regresiones lineales jerárquicas para el primer objetivo y un path análisis para el segundo. Resultados: La comparación social negativa en RRSS tiene el mayor peso de regresión, seguido de interacción sobre el COVID-19 y consecuencias adictivas. Se ha obtenido un efecto indirecto del tiempo de uso sobre el distrés emocional a través de la interacción sobre COVID-19 y el apoyo mediante RRSS. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el uso comparativo de RRSS es el mejor predictor de distrés emocional. Se ha confirmado el modelo de mediación, enfatizando la importancia de la evaluación de usos específicos de RRSS.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Social Networking , Social Isolation/psychology , Pandemics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Communicable Disease Control , Risk Assessment , Stress, Psychological , Behavior, Addictive , Psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , 28599ABSTRACT
Likert items are often used in social and health sciences. However, the format is strongly affected by acquiescence and reversed items have traditionally been used to control this response bias, a controversial practice. This paper aims to examine how reversed items affect the psychometric properties of a scale. Different versions of the Grit-s scale were applied to an adult sample (N = 1,419). The versions of the scale had either all items in positive or negative forms, or a mix of positive and negative items. The psychometric properties of the different versions (item analysis, dimensionality and reliability) were analyzed. Both negative and positive versions demonstrated better functioning than mixed versions. However, the mean total scores did not vary, which is an example of how similar means could mask other significant differences. Therefore, we advise against using mixed scales, and consider the use of positive or negative versions preferable. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La resiliencia académica consiste en obtener altas calificaciones a pesar de hallarse en una desventaja socioeconómica. En el presente estudio se observó si el esfuerzo, las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos forman parte de la resiliencia académica o estarían explicando un buen rendimiento académico en general. Método: Los participantes, una población de 7479 adolescentes españoles (M = 13.87; DT = 0.82), fueron divididos en cuatro grupos según el rendimiento académico (Bueno-Malo) y el nivel socioeconómico (Clase alta-Clase baja). Se realizaron análisis de diferencias y regresiones logísticas binarias para detectar cuál de las variables empleadas explicaba el rendimiento académico en los grupos de igual nivel socioeconómico. También se estudió si el sexo influía en la pertenencia a los grupos de buen rendimiento. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en el esfuerzo, las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos en función de los cuatro grupos creados; los grupos de buen rendimiento académico obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas independientemente del nivel socioeconómico. Se observó que las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos explicaban gran parte del rendimiento académico. Se detectó una tasa de mujeres significativamente más alta con relación a la de hombres en los grupos de mayor rendimiento. Conclusiones: Muchas variables, que se han considerado propias de los alumnos académicamente resilientes, explican un buen rendimiento académico, en general, independientemente del nivel socioeconómico.
Abstract Introduction: Academic resilience is defined as getting high marks despite being at a socioeconomic disadvantage. In the present study, it was observed whether Academic Effort, Expectations and Self-Concept are part of academic resilience or would be explaining a good academic performance in general. Method: The participants, a population of 7479 Spanish adolescents (M = 13.87; SD = 0.82), were divided into four groups according to academic performance (Good-Bad) and socioeconomic level (Upper class-Lower class). Analysis of differences and binary logistic regressions were performed to detect which of the variables used explained the academic performance in the groups of the same socioeconomic level. It was also studied whether sex influenced membership in the good performance groups. Results: Differences in Academic Effort, Expectations and Self-concept were found according to the four groups created; the groups with good academic performance obtained higher scores regardless of socioeconomic level. Expectations and academic self-concept were found to explain much of academic performance. A significantly higher rate of women than men was found in higher performance groups. Conclusions: Many variables that have been considered typical of academically resilient students explain good academic performance in general, regardless of socioeconomic status.
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Resumen Introducción. Uno de los factores más determinantes del rendimiento laboral es el grado de compromiso de las personas con las actividades que realizan. El objetivo de esta investigación es el desarrollo y análisis psicométrico de una nueva escala para la evaluación del compromiso laboral. Método. Se empleó una muestra de 599 trabajadores en activo, el 51% clasificados como emprendedores. El 53% fueron hombres y la media de edad fue de 44.41 años (DT = 8.78). Resultados. La nueva escala desarrollada consta de 10 ítems y muestra una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. La fiabilidad fue excelente (α = .92; ω = .92), y se obtuvieron evidencias de validez en relación con el Clima Organizacional (r = .540), Personalidad Emprendedora (r = .701), Felicidad (r = .674), Reparación Emocional (r = .470), y Estabilidad Emocional (r = .440). Conclusión. La escala desarrollada para la evaluación del compromiso laboral muestra unas buenas propiedades psicométricas, constituyendo una herramienta muy adecuada para su utilización tanto en investigación como en contextos profesionales aplicados.
Abstract Introduction. One of the most determining factors of work performance is the degree of engagement of people to the activities they carry out. The objective of this research is the development and psychometric analysis of a new scale for the evaluation of work engagement. Method. A sample of 599 active workers was used, 51% classified as entrepreneurs. 53% were men and the mean age was 44.41 years (SD = 8.78). Results. The new scale consists of 10 items and shows an essentially one-dimensional structure. Reliability was excellent (α = .92; ω = .92), and evidence of validity was obtained in relation to Organizational Climate (r = .540), Entrepreneurial Personality (r = .701), Happiness (r = .674), Emotional Repair (r = .470), and Emotional Stability (r = .440). Conclusion. The scale developed for the evaluation of work engagement shows good psychometric properties, constituting a very suitable tool for its use both in research and in applied professional contexts.
ABSTRACT
El enfoque psicológico en torno a la actividad emprendedora contribuye a explicar por qué las personas deciden o no emprender. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar diferentes perfiles de personalidad emprendedora, así como identificar las variables de personalidad que puedan explicar el convertirse en trabajador por cuenta propia. Empleando una muestra de 586 participantes (Medad= 39,31; DTedad = 14,66), se analizaron diferentes perfiles de personalidad emprendedora mediante técnicas de análisis de perfiles latentes. Además, se analizó si había diferencias en otras variables psicológicas en función del perfil de personalidad emprendedora. Finalmente, se estudió, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, si la responsabilidad, el autocontrol, el grit y la personalidad emprendedora ayudan a explicar que las personas se conviertan en trabajadores por cuenta propia. Los resultados apoyan la existencia de tres perfiles latentes de personalidad emprendedora (baja, media y alta), siendo el perfil alta personalidad emprendedora el que muestra mayores puntuaciones en otras variables psicológicas, así como mayor proporción de trabajadores por cuenta propia. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales planteado explica un 2,6% de la varianza de la variable ser trabajador autónomo, por lo que las variables de personalidad ayudan a explicar una pequeña parte de la actividad emprendedora
The psychological approach to entrepreneurial activity helps to explain why people decide or not to undertake. The objective of this study is to analyze different entrepreneurial personality profiles, as well as to identify the personality variables that can explain becoming a self-employed. Using a sample of 586 participants (Mage = 39.31; SDage = 14.66), different entrepreneurial personality profiles were analyzed using la-tent profile analysis techniques. In addition, it was analyzed whether there were differences in other psychological variables based on the entrepreneurial personality profile. Finally, it was studied, using a structural equation model, if conscientiousness, self-control, grit and entrepreneurial personality help to explain why people become self-employed. The results support the existence of three latent profiles of entrepreneurial personality (low, medium and high), being high entrepreneurial personality the one profile that shows higher scores in other psychological variables, as well as a higher proportion of self-employed. The proposed structural equation model explains 2.6% of the variance of the variable being self-employed, so the personality variables help to explain a small part of entrepreneurial activity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Entrepreneurship , Awareness , Self-Control/psychology , Motivation , Employment/psychology , Personality Inventory , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES: El clima organizacional (CO) es un constructo fundamental en entornos laborales y organizacionales, ya que permite la exploración de comportamientos individuales y grupales dentro de las organizaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar una nueva escala llamada Escala de Clima Organizacional del Ambiente Laboral Subjetivo (ECALS) en el contexto chileno. MÉTODO: La muestra estuvo formada por 1,442 trabajadores con una media de edad de 30.48 años (DT = 11.13). Un total de 55% fueron trabajadores públicos, un 34.5% fueron trabajadores de organizaciones privadas con fines de lucro y un 10.5% pertenecían a organizaciones privadas sin fines de lucro. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis factoriales exploratorios y el mejor modelo exploratorio se comprobó en un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Además, se analizó si existían diferencias en las dimensiones del ECALS entre los trabajadores pertenecientes a las diferentes organizaciones. RESULTADOS: La escala estuvo formada por 38 ítems con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y una estructura bifactor, con un factor general (CO) y cinco dimensiones específicas (Confianza organizacional, Tensión laboral, Apoyo social, Retribución, y Satisfacción la-boral). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que la nueva escala tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, permitiendo evaluar de manera fiable y válida el clima organizacional en el contexto chileno
BACKGROUND: Organizational Climate (OC) is a basic construct in work and organizational environments, since it allows exploration of individual and group behaviours within organizations. The object of the pre-sent study was to develop a new scale called the Subjective Work Environment Organizational Climate Scale (Escala de Clima Organizacional del Ambiente Laboral Subjetivo - ECALS) for the Chilean context. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1,442 employees, mean age 39.48 years (SD= 11.13). A total of 55% were public employees, 34.5% were employees in commercial private organizations and 10.5% belonged to not-for-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factorial analyses were applied and the best exploratory model was tested in a confirmatory factorial analysis. We also analysed whether differences existed in the dimensions of ECALS between employees belonging to the different types of organization. RESULTS: The scale consists of 38 items with adequate psychometric properties and a bifactorial structure, with one general factor (OC) and five specific dimensions (Organizational trust, Job strain, Social support, Reward and Job satisfaction). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the new scale has adequate psychometric properties, providing reliable, valid evaluation of the organizational climate in the Chilean context
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Organizational Culture , Social Support , Job Satisfaction , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Psychometrics , Social Behavior , Reproducibility of Results , ChileABSTRACT
Grit is a construct that is related to perseverance and passion for achieving set goals. Its relationship to school performance has been widely researched although the results are not conclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the temporal stability of grit and its relationship to adolescents' school performance. A sample of 5,371 students were evaluated at two time points, four years apart. At first evaluation, mean age was 9.9 years old (SD = 0.41), at the second it was 13.87 (SD = 0.82). A longitudinal design was used, and the data were analysed using analysis of variance, factor analysis, and structural equations models. Adolescents' academic grit and school achievement fall between ages of 10 and 14. Adolescents with higher levels of grit had higher academic achievement. The two constructs are correlated, which is why interventions aimed at improving academic grit could be important in improving school performance
La tenacidad es un constructo relacionado con la perseverancia y la pasión por conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Su relación con el rendimiento académico ha sido ampliamente investigada, si bien los resultados no son concluyentes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la estabilidad temporal de la tenacidad y su relación con el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes. Se utilizó una muestra de 5,371 estudiantes, que fueron evaluados en dos momentos temporales separados por un periodo de cuatro años. En la primera evaluación la media de edad fue de 9.9 años (DT = 0.41) y en la segunda, de 13.87 (DT = 0.82). Se utilizó un diseño longitudinal, analizando los datos mediante análisis de varianza, análisis factorial y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. La tenacidad y rendimiento académico de los adolescentes descienden entre los 10 y los 14 años. Los que tenían mayor nivel de tenacidad académica mostraron mejores resultados escolares. Ambos constructos están correlacionados, por lo que el uso de programas de intervención para mejorar la tenacidad académica podría ser clave para mejorar su rendimiento académico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Academic Performance/psychology , Students/psychology , Motivation , Longitudinal Studies , Education, Primary and Secondary , Personality Inventory , Age Factors , Psychometrics , SpainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Enterprising personality is related to business creation and success. The objective of this study was the development and psychometric analysis of a reduced version of the BEPE Battery for the Evaluation of Enterprising Personality. METHOD: We used a sample of 1,170 people, 60% women, with a mean age of 42.34 years (SD = 12.96). We carried out psychometric analyses within the frameworks of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory models. RESULTS: The short version (BEPE-16) consists of 16 items, demonstrating an essentially unidimensional structure. The reliability was excellent (α= .94; Ω= .94) and evidence of validity was found in relation to various variables: Measure Of Entrepreneurial Talents And Abilities (META test) (r=.71), extraversion (r=.57), conscientiousness (r=.50), neuroticism (r=-.54). The correlation between scores from the BEPE-16 and the original version was very high (r=.95). CONCLUSIONS: The BEPE-16 reduced version for the evaluation of enterprising personality demonstrated good psychometric properties, both in terms of reliability and validity. As such, it can be used in place of the original when the professional or research circumstances require it
ANTECEDENTES: la personalidad emprendedora está relacionada con la creación y éxito empresarial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el desarrollo y análisis psicométrico de una versión reducida de la Batería BEPE para la Evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora. MÉTODO: se empleó una muestra de 1.170 participantes, 60% mujeres, con media de 42,34 años y desviación típica de 12,96. Se llevaron a cabo análisis psicométricos dentro del marco de la Teoría Clásica de los Test y de los modelos de Teoría de Respuesta a los Ítems. RESULTADOS: la versión corta desarrollada (BEPE-16) consta de 16 ítems, mostrando una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. La fiabilidad fue excelente (α= ,94; Ω= ,94), y se obtuvieron evidencias de validez en relación con distintas variables: Test META de tendencias y capacidades empresariales (r=,71), extraversión (r=,57), responsabilidad (r=,50), neuroticismo (r=-,54). La correlación entre las puntuaciones de la versión corta BEPE-16 y la versión original fue muy elevada (r=,95). CONCLUSIONES: la versión reducida BEPE-16 para la evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora muestra unas buenas propiedades psicométricas, tanto en lo relativo a la fiabilidad como a la validez; por tanto, puede utilizarse en vez de la original cuando el contexto profesional y de investigación lo demande
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Personality , Entrepreneurship , Psychometrics , Psychological Tests , Psychological Theory , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diet and physical activity are prioritised in behavioural interventions given their influence on major child health issues. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of an educational intervention, based on the Behaviour Change Wheel model, on adherence to healthy eating habits in adolescent soccer players in Asturias, Spain. METHOD: This pilot study involved 319 soccer players (mean age=14.19 years; SD=1.089), who were distributed into a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). The response variables were: the usage rate of, adherence to, and acquisition of knowledge of the Mediterranean diet. The intervention included posters, a web-app, and practical activities. RESULTS: The mean score on the knowledge questionnaire was 2.53 for the CG and 3.42 for the IG (p <.001). A weak direct correlation was observed between diet knowledge and KIDMED scores (r =.222, p =.013). The total pre-test KIDMED (p <.001) and diet knowledge ( p =.05) scores explained approximately 33% of the total post-test KIDMED score. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of posters and a web app as intervention tools have been shown to be feasible in order to provide information on healthy eating habits to adolescents who play soccer and to help them maintain those eating habits
ANTECEDENTES: alimentación y actividad física son objeto de abordaje prioritario, mediante intervenciones conductuales, dada su influencia sobre los principales problemas de salud infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la factibilidad de una intervención educativa, basada en el modelo Behaviour Change Wheel, sobre adherencia a la alimentación saludable en adolescentes jugadores de fútbol del Principado de Asturias. MÉTODO: estudio piloto sobre 319 jugadores de fútbol, edad media 14,19 años (DE= 1.089), distribuidos en grupo control (GC) e intervención (GI). Las variables de respuesta fueron: tasa de uso, adherencia y adquisición de conocimientos en relación con la dieta mediterránea. La intervención estuvo compuesta por 3 elementos: carteles, web-app y actividades prácticas. RESULTADOS: la puntuación media del cuestionario de conocimientos fue de 2.53 y 3.42 en GC y GI, respectivamente (p<.001). Se observó correlación directa baja entre conocimientos y puntuación de KIDMED (r=.222, p=.013). La puntuación total de KIDMED en PRE (p<.001) y los conocimientos (p=.05) explicaron aproximadamente el 33% de la puntuación total de KIDMED en POST. CONCLUSIONES: la combinación de carteles y el uso de una web-app como herramientas han demostrado factibilidad para aportar información sobre la alimentación saludable y mantener su calidad en adolescentes que juegan al fútbol
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Food and Nutrition Education , Youth Sports , Diet, Mediterranean , Soccer , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Retirement homes and other gerontology services are frequently criticized due to their lack of flexibility and tailored attention, leading to homogeneous treatment which compromises patients' control of their lives. This study aims to develop and validate the first Spanish instrument for healthcare professionals to assess the degree of person-centered attention delivered by senior care centers. METHOD: A total of 844 healthcare professionals (mean age = 39.94 years old; SD = 10.56) with a mean of 6.56 years (SD = 6.15) of work experience participated in the study. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire developed were analyzed using both classical test theory and item response theory models. RESULTS: The internal structure was unidimensional with an explained variance of 55.23%. Reliability was outstanding: internal consistency (α =. 96, ω=.96) and test-retest (r = .88; ICC = .93). The total score was significantly correlated with two similar questionnaires, with associated variance of 58.83% and 55.20% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new instrument allows healthcare professionals to assess the level of person-centered care provided by gerontology centers with excellent reliability and validity
ANTECEDENTES/OBJETIVO: Las residencias y otros servicios gerontológicos son frecuentemente criticados por su falta de flexibilización y personalización en la atención, conduciendo a un trato uniforme que dificulta el control sobre sus vidas. El objetivo del trabajo es desarrollar y validar el primer instrumento de medida español que permite a los profesionales de la salud evaluar en qué medida se lleva a cabo en su centro una atención centrada en la persona. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 844 profesionales de la salud (edad media=39,94; DT=10,56) con una experiencia media de 6,56 años (DT=6,15). Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento desarrollado se analizaron mediante modelos de Teoría Clásica de los Test y de Teoría de Respuesta a los Ítems. RESULTADOS: La prueba resultó esencialmente unidimensional, con un primer factor que explica el 55,23% de la varianza. La fiabilidad es excelente, tanto la consistencia interna (α=0,96, ω=0,96) como la estabilidad (r=0,88; ICC=0,93). La puntuación total correlacionó significativamente con dos cuestionarios similares, obteniéndose una varianza asociada de 58,83% y 55,20%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El nuevo instrumento desarrollado permite a los profesionales de la salud evaluar con excelente fiabilidad y validez el nivel de atención centrada en la persona de los centros gerontológicos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient-Centered Care/methods , Health Services for the Aged , Attitude of Health Personnel , Comprehensive Health Care , Geriatrics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Abstract Background/objective Entrepreneurial behavior is of great importance nowadays owing to its significance in the generation of economic, social, personal, and cultural wellbeing. This behavior is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics, as well as by socioeconomic and contextual factors. Entrepreneurial personality is made up of a set of psychological traits including self-efficacy, autonomy, innovation, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, optimism, stress tolerance, and risk-taking. The aim of this research is the development of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to evaluate entrepreneurial personality.Method: A bank of 120 items was created evaluating various aspects of the entrepreneurial personality. The items were calibrated with the Samejima Graded Response Model using a sample of 1170 participants (Mage = 42.34; SDage = 12.96). Results The bank of items had an essentially unidimensional fit to the model. The CAT exhibited high accuracy for evaluating a wide range of θ scores, using a mean of 16 items with a very low standard error (M = 0.157). Relative validity evidence for the CAT was obtained with two additional tests of entrepreneurial personality (the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality and the Measure of Enterpreneurial Tendencies and Abilities), with correlations of .908 and .657, respectively. Conclusions The CAT developed has appropriate psychometric properties for the evaluation of entrepreneurial people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Personality , Psychometrics/methods , Computers , Surveys and Questionnaires , EntrepreneurshipABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The interest of universities in promoting healthy habits and offering psychological assistance and treatment is the result of a desire to improve the quality of students' education and day-to-day lives. An analysis of students' needs and of the demand for psychological care is a prerequisite for implementing effective interventions. METHOD: A total of 706 second-year undergraduate students (MDage = 20.2; SD = 2.73) from all branches of knowledge of the University of Oviedo (Spain) were evaluated by means of standardized instruments. RESULTS: Results showed academic conditions to be the principal stressors and no distinctive behaviour profiles were found according to branch of studies; 44.7% showed levels of emotional distress indicative of anxiety and 13.5% of depression. The situations generating the greatest demand for psychological assistance were fear of speaking in public, requesting help regarding personal problems, distancing oneself from worries and emotions, and the promotion of healthy sleeping and eating habits. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention and treatment of psychological problems has consistently been shown to be a factor which enhances academic performance. The needs identified, shared by other university populations, underline the importance of providing specific psychological care in the university context
ANTECEDENTES: el interés de las universidades en promover hábitos saludables y ofrecer asesoramiento y tratamiento psicológico responde a la preocupación por mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y de la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes. El análisis de necesidades y demandas de atención psicológica se plantea como condición previa para implementar actuaciones efectivas. MÉTODO: setecientos seis alumnos (MDedad = 20.2 años; SD = 2.73) de 2ª curso de Grado de todas las ramas de conocimiento de la Universidad de Oviedo (España) fueron evaluados mediante instrumentos estandarizados. RESULTADOS: las condiciones académicas resultaron ser los principales estresores y no se identificó un perfil de dificultades distintivo según la rama de estudios. Un 44,7% presentaron malestar emocional indicativo de ansiedad y un 13,5% de depresión. Las situaciones que mayor demanda de atención psicológica generan son miedo a hablar en público, solicitar ayuda en relación con los problemas personales, tomar distancia de las preocupaciones y emociones, y la promoción de hábitos de sueño y alimentación. CONCLUSIONES: la prevención y tratamiento de los problemas psicológicos se señala reiteradamente como factor promotor del rendimiento académico. Las necesidades identificadas, compartidas con otras poblaciones universitarias, justifican la conveniencia de proporcionar atención psicológica específica en el contexto universitario
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Services Needs and Demand , Psychotherapy , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Students/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Analysis of Variance , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/etiology , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/etiology , Fear , Feeding Behavior , Health Promotion , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , School Health Services , Sleep , Spain , Speech , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , UniversitiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several implicit measures have been proposed to overcome limitations of self-reports. The present study aimed to develop a new implicit association test (MFT-IAT) to assess enterprising-related traits, exploring its reliability and validity evidence. METHOD: A total of 1,142 individuals (Mean age 42.36 years, SD = 13.17) from the general population were assessed. Participants were asked about sociodemographic data, employment status, and personality traits using the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE). They completed an MFT-IAT designed to assess the BEPE's traits (achievement motivation, autonomy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, stress tolerance and risk taking). Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFAs) were performed to assess the internal structure of the MFT-IAT. Correlations and a Multiple Analysis of Variance were used to estimate validity evidence based on the relationship towith participants' employment status. RESULTS: EFAs provided validity evidence for all dimensions with high internal consistency (a = .92-.93). Correlations between implicit and explicit measures were non-significant. Non- implicit measures yielded significant differences between employment statuses. DISCUSSION: This is a pioneering study in this field and more research is needed to improve the feasibility and practicality of implicit measures in applied assessment settings
ANTECEDENTES: se han propuesto múltiples medidas implícitas para superar las limitaciones de los autoinformes. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo desarrollar un nuevo test de asociación implícita (MFT-IAT) para evaluar rasgos asociados a la emprendeduría, explorar su fiabilidad y evidencias de validez. MÉTODO: se evaluaron 1.142 personas (edad media 42,36, DT = 13,17) sobre información demográfica, de empleo y personalidad usando la Batería para la Evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora (BEPE). Completaron una tarea MFT-IAT para evaluar los rasgos del BEPE (motivación de logro, autonomía, innovación, auto-eficacia, locus de control, optimismo, tolerancia al estrés y asunción de riesgos). Se estimó la fiabilidad mediante el alfa de Cronbach. Se realizaron Análisis Factoriales Exploratorios (AFEs) para evaluar la estructura interna del MFT-IAT y correlaciones y análisis de varianza para estimar las evidencias de validez en la relación con el empleo. RESULTADOS: los AFEs ofrecieron evidencias de validez con alta consistencia interna (a = ,92-,93). Las correlaciones entre las medidas explícitas e implícitas fueron no significativas. Ninguna medida implícita mostró diferencias significativas entre los distintos estados laborales. DISCUSIÓN: este es un estudio pionero en el cambio y se necesita más investigación para mejorar la viabilidad de las medidas implícitas en evaluaciones aplicadas