ABSTRACT
The myostatin gene, also known as GDF8 (growth differentiation factor 8), is located on bovine chromosome 2 (BTA2); it has three exons and two introns. Myostatin is specifically expressed during embryonic development and in adult skeletal muscle, functioning as a negative regulatory protein. Several cattle breeds (Piedmontese, Belgian Blue and Blond'Aquitaine, and others) show polymorphisms in this gene; these polymorphisms are directly related to the double muscling phenotype. We looked for polymorphisms in the Nellore cattle myostatin gene and compared them with those known for taurine breeds. Seven regions, covering the three exons of this gene, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced, including the untranslated region. DNA from 30 adult Nellore animals was collected; DNA sequencing revealed three, seven and four polymorphisms in exons 1, 2 and 3, respectively. We found previously reported polymorphisms, as well as several new ones; for instance, 37 polymorphisms were found in the untranslated region segment, and in introns 1 and 2 there were one and three polymorphisms, respectively. The high degree of allelic heterogeneity in the myostatin gene could be related to its high mutation rate; it also could be the result of a long history of artificial selection for meat production, which has probably favored such modifications and maintained them in cattle populations. These polymorphisms identified in Nellore cattle could be useful for breeding programs.
Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , Myostatin/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Animals , Base Pairing/genetics , Base Sequence , Exons/genetics , Introns/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Alignment , Untranslated Regions/geneticsABSTRACT
La resección transuretral de próstata (R.T.U.P.) es una de las operaciones más frecuentes en la cirugía urológica. Habitualmente se realiza bajo anestesia de tipo espinal y en algunos casos general. La anestesia localestá descripta, pero no es habitualmente utilizada. En el período comprendido entre marzo de 1996 y junio de 1998 se practicaron 35 R.T.U.P.bajo anestesia local. Se infiltró con lidocaína al 2 por ciento diluida al 50 por ciento el sitio a resecar, utilizando un catéter uretral modificado, que se introdujo a través del cistoscopio. Posterioermnete se realizó la R.T.U.P. y fue necesario completar con neuroleptoanalgesia en trs procedimientos. Todas las prácticas fueron bien toleradas por los pacientes y la evolución satisfactoria