An engineered POSS drug delivery system for copper(II) anticancer metallodrugs in a selective application toward melanoma cells.

In this work, a polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) was used as an engineered drug delivery system for two oxindolimine-copper(II) anticancer complexes, [Cu(isaepy)]+ and [Cu(isapn)]+. The interest in hybrid POSS comes from the necessity of developing materials that can act as adjuvants to improve the cytotoxicity of non-soluble metallodrugs. Functionalization of POSS with a triazole ligand (POSS-atzac) permitted the anchorage of such copper complexes, producing hybrid materials with efficient cytotoxic effects. Structural and morphological characterizations of these copper-POSS systems were performed by using different techniques (IR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis). A combination of continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopies conducted at the X-band have enabled the complete characterization of the coordination environment of the copper ion in the POSS-atzac matrix. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of the loaded materials, [Cu(isapn)]@POSS-atzac and [Cu(isaepy)]@POSS-atzac, were assessed toward melanomas (SK-MEL), in comparison to non-tumorigenic cells (fibroblast P4). Evaluation of their nuclease activity or ability to facilitate cleavage of DNA indicated concentrations as low as 0.6 µg mL-1, while complete DNA fragmentation was observed at 25 µg mL-1. By using adequate scavengers, investigations on active intermediates responsible for their cytotoxicity were performed, both in the absence and in the presence of ascorbate as a reducing agent. Based on the observed selective cytotoxicity of these materials toward melanomas, investigations on the reactivity of these complexes and corresponding POSS-materials with melanin, a molecule that contributes to melanoma resistance to chemotherapy, were carried out. Results indicated the main role of the binuclear copper species, formed at the surface of the silica matrix, in the observed reactivity and selectivity of these copper-POSS systems.

PID-5-SRF online administration: psychometric indicators and measurement invariance between different formats of data collection.

INTRODUCTION: The PID-5 is a tool used to assess maladaptive personality traits according to the DSM-5 Alternative Model. Objective: The objective is to seek evidence of the validity and reliability of the Personality Inventory for DMS-5 (PID-5-SRF) admin-istered online and assess its measurement invariance compared to the paper-and-pencil administration. METHODS: A sample of 274 individuals from the general population (73.4% of women; 34.76 years old ±11.6) completed the instrument online after the study was dissemi-nated on social media and among the authors' contacts. RESULTS: Internal consistency (facets α≥0.70; domains α≥0.89) and test-retest reliability (15 to 30 days: facets ICC≥0.63; domains ICC≥0.82) were satisfactory, but a floor effect was found in almost all the items. A large number of facets (N=9) showed better fit to a bifactorial structure, and the Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested that a six-factor model better fits the data. Measurement invariance between the online and paper-and-pencil administrations was not attested at a configural level. CONCLUSION: The results revealed satisfactory psychometric indicators when the instrument was applied online, confirming its feasibility in collecting data. However, the in-strument's structure is not invariant, and caution must be adopted when compar-ing and interpreting data collected through different formats.

Modulatory actions of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B on macrophage inflammatory activation.

Cestodes use own lipid-binding proteins to capture and transport hydrophobic ligands, including lipids that they cannot synthesise as fatty acids and cholesterol. In E. granulosus s.l., one of these lipoproteins is antigen B (EgAgB), codified by a multigenic and polymorphic family that gives rise to five gene products (EgAgB8/1-5 subunits) assembled as a 230 kDa macromolecule. EgAgB has a diagnostic value for cystic echinococcosis, but its putative role in the immunobiology of this infection is still poorly understood. Accumulating research suggests that EgAgB has immunomodulatory properties, but previous studies employed denatured antigen preparations that might exert different effects than the native form, thereby limiting data interpretation. This work analysed the modulatory actions on macrophages of native EgAgB (nEgAgB) and the recombinant form of EgAg8/1, which is the most abundant subunit in the larva and was expressed in insect S2 cells (rEgAgB8/1). Both EgAgB preparations were purified to homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography using a novel nanobody anti-EgAgB8/1. nEgAgB and rEgAgB8/1 exhibited differences in size and lipid composition. The rEgAgB8/1 generates mildly larger lipoproteins with a less diverse lipid composition than nEgAgB. Assays using human and murine macrophages showed that both nEgAgB and rEgAgB8/1 interfered with in vitro LPS-driven macrophage activation, decreasing cytokine (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12p40, IFN-ß) secretion and ·NO generation. Furthermore, nEgAgB and rEgAgB8/1 modulated in vivo LPS-induced cytokine production (IL-6, IL-10) and activation of large (measured as MHC-II level) and small (measured as CD86 and CD40 levels) macrophages in the peritoneum, although rEgAgB8/1 effects were less robust. Overall, this work reinforced the notion that EgAgB is an immunomodulatory component of E. granulosus s.l. Although nEgAgB lipid's effects cannot be ruled out, our data suggest that the EgAgB8/1 subunit contributes to EgAgB´s ability to regulate the inflammatory activation of macrophages.

The relationships among Leishmania infantum and phyllostomid bats assessed by histopathological and molecular assays.

Bats have been reported as reservoir host of Leishmania spp. worldwide, mostly by molecular detection. However, it is still unclear whether bats act as reservoirs of Leishmania infantum to sandflies vectors. In this sense, the investigation of amastigotes forms in the target organs, and the characterization of their associated inflammation, may help to clarify the epidemiological importance of bats in endemic areas for leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the host-parasite relationships under microscopic evaluation and predict the epidemiological role of two phyllostomid bats species naturally infected by L. infantum in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis. Fragments of skin, liver and spleen of L. infantum positive and negative bats (Artibeus planirostris and Carollia perspicillata) by qPCR, were studied by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Both groups, positive and negative, did not show differences in the histopathological study, presenting only discrete tissue changes. Liver and skin showed mild inflammatory reactions. Findings on spleen consisted of reactivity of the lymphoid follicles, expressive presence of apoptotic cells and macrophages containing abundant phagocytic cells debris. We did not find amastigote forms in tissues by histological and IHC techniques in positive qPCR bats. Our results allow us to hypothesize that phyllostomid bats seem to have an important role in reducing the risk of transmission, possibly acting as dead-end host.

Salvage cryotherapy for prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer will be candidates for active treatment and 20 to 50% of patients treated with organ preserving strategies recur within the prostate. Optimal treatment of recurrence is controversial. Prostate cryosurgery has been increasingly used as primary, recurrence and focal treatment for prostate cancer. METHODS: We analysed 55 patients submitted to cryotherapy as salvage treatment after recurrence. RESULTS: Study population presented with a mean age of 70.9 ± 6.2 years, mean initial PSA of 7.6 ng/ml and average prostate volume by ultrasound of 43.2 ± 14.7 grams. Mean follow-up was of 18.0 months. Biochemical free survival at one year of follow-up was of 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Cryotherapy can be an effective and safe treatment for recurrence after primary curative treatment failure.

Esporotricose felina: um relato de caso de disseminação cutânea e sistêmica em gato negativo para FIV e FeLV / Feline sporotrichosis: a case report of cutaneous and systemic dissemination in cat negative for FIV and FeLV

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Os gatos doentes têm importante potencial zoonótico e frequentemente revelam uma apresentação disseminada da doença. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas de um caso de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento com apresentação clínica cutânea disseminada e sistêmica. Um felino macho de 3 anos de idade foi tratado para esporotricose com itraconazol e obteve resolução completa das lesões cutâneas. Porém, um ano após alta clínica, o animal apresentou aumento e ulceração da região nasal. Após cultura fúngica positiva para Sporothrix spp foi instituído tratamento com itraconazol 100mg associado ao iodeto de potássio 20mg por via oral diariamente e transcorrido 3 meses de tratamento, foi observada piora progressiva do sinais clínicos com disseminação de lesões para outras regiões do corpo. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para necrópsia no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Amostras da língua, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim, cérebro, linfonodo e pele foram coletadas para evidência de disseminação do agente fúngico e avaliação de alterações microscópicas. A coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott foi utilizada para facilitar a visualização de leveduras sugestivas de Sporothrix spp nos cortes histológicos. Leveduras foram visualizadas em amostras de pele, língua, linfonodo, rim, fígado, baço e cérebro. No presente relato a disseminação do Sporothrixspp para diversos órgãos sinaliza a necessidade de uma minuciosa investigação dos casos graves de esporotricose felina para o tratamento adequado.

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Sick cats have an significant zoonotic potential and often show a widespread presentation of the disease. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of a case of feline sporotrichosis refractory to treatment with disseminated and systemic cutaneous clinical presentation. A 3-year-old male feline was treated for sporotrichosis with itraconazole and achieved complete resolution of the skin lesions. However, one year after clinical discharge, the animal presented an increase and ulceration of the nasal region. After a positive fungal culture for Sporothrix spp, treatment with itraconazole 100mg associated with potassium iodide 20mg was instituted orally daily and after 3 months of treatment, a progressive worsening of the symptoms was observed with the spread of lesions to other regions of the body. The animal was euthanized and sent for necropsy at the Pathological Anatomy Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples of the tongue, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph node, and skin were collected for evidence of spread of the fungal agent and evaluation of microscopic changes. Grocott silver methenamine staining was used to facilitate the visualization of yeasts suggestive of Sporothrix spp in histological sections. Yeasts were visualized in samples of skin, tongue, lymph node, kidney, liver, spleen, and brain. In the present report, the spread of Sporothrix spp to different organs signals the need for a thorough investigation of severe cases of feline sporotrichosis for the proper treatment.

Esporotricose felina: um relato de caso de disseminação cutânea e sistêmica em gato negativo para FIV e FeLV / Feline sporotrichosis: a case report of cutaneous and systemic dissemination in cat negative for FIV and FeLV

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Os gatos doentes têm importante potencial zoonótico e frequentemente revelam uma apresentação disseminada da doença. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas de um caso de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento com apresentação clínica cutânea disseminada e sistêmica. Um felino macho de 3 anos de idade foi tratado para esporotricose com itraconazol e obteve resolução completa das lesões cutâneas. Porém, um ano após alta clínica, o animal apresentou aumento e ulceração da região nasal. Após cultura fúngica positiva para Sporothrix spp foi instituído tratamento com itraconazol 100mg associado ao iodeto de potássio 20mg por via oral diariamente e transcorrido 3 meses de tratamento, foi observada piora progressiva do sinais clínicos com disseminação de lesões para outras regiões do corpo. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para necrópsia no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Amostras da língua, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim, cérebro, linfonodo e pele foram coletadas para evidência de disseminação do agente fúngico e avaliação de alterações microscópicas. A coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott foi utilizada para facilitar a visualização de leveduras sugestivas de Sporothrix spp

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Sick cats have an significant zoonotic potential and often show a widespread presentation of the disease. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of a case of feline sporotrichosis refractory to treatment with disseminated and systemic cutaneous clinical presentation. A 3-year-old male feline was treated for sporotrichosis with itraconazole and achieved complete resolution of the skin lesions. However, one year after clinical discharge, the animal presented an increase and ulceration of the nasal region. After a positive fungal culture for Sporothrix spp, treatment with itraconazole 100mg associated with potassium iodide 20mg was instituted orally daily and after 3 months of treatment, a progressive worsening of the symptoms was observed with the spread of lesions to other regions of the body. The animal was euthanized and sent for necropsy at the Pathological Anatomy Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples of the tongue, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph node, and skin were collected for evidence of spread of the fungal agent and evaluation of microscopic changes. Grocott silver methenamine staining was used to facilitate the visualization of yeasts suggestive of Sporothrix spp in histological sections. Yeasts were visualized in samples of skin, tongue, lymph node, kidney, liver, spleen, and brain. In the present report, the spread of Sporothrix spp to different organs signals the need for a thorough investigation of severe cases of feline sporotrichosis for the proper treatment.

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs. These tumors include both benign and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these tumors can aggregate information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. Focusing on this matter, sixty-one samples including normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, with no predilection for sex, from the archive of Veterinary Pathology Service of Federal Fluminense University, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. The samples underwent to histological processing, routine staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling in different groups of variables. In case there were more than two groups, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. The most affected breeds were Caniches and Cocker Spaniels, as well as mixed breed animals. There was immunostaining of PCNA in both benign and malignant tumors, as well as in hyperplasic lesions with varying intensity. Most of the tumors were neoplasms which represented 67.27% of the total sample; within these, 75.00% were benign. The most frequent neoplasm was sebaceous adenoma (37.74%). Results indicated no statistical difference in the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling between the groups of sex, age, reproductive status, localization, size of tumor, and histopathological diagnosis. Although there are not many studies analyzing anti-PCNA labelling in sebaceous tumors, several of them pointed out to the predictive value in other neoplasms. With this matter in mind, we intended to evaluate the expression of anti-PCNA in canine sebaceous tumor and a possible association with the malignancy of the lesions.

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include benign and malignant lesions. The increase in immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCNA immunohistochemical expression of  sebaceous tumors in dogs. Sixty-one samples include normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, no gender predilection, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. Samples passed through histological processing, routine staining and immunostaining from PCNA. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. There was no sexual predilection. Breeds more frequently affected were: Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (67.27%), and 75.67% of those were benign. Sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (56.75%). PCNA immunoexpression was present in hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using PCNA antibody in sebaceous tumors of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the role of these markers on normal skin and sebaceous tumors of dogs, as well as their use as prognos

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context / Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5): adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Declaración de Cartagena. Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la Lucha contra la Malnutrición / Cartagena Declaration. The International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the Fight against Malnutrition

Frente a la necesidad de promover el derecho al cuidado nutricional, de luchar contra la malnutrición y de avanzar en temas de educación e investigación en nutrición clínica, las sociedades que constituyen la FELANPE firmaron la Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la Lucha contra la Malnutrición, "Declaración de Cartagena", el 3 de mayo del presente año en la ciudad de Cartagena, en el marco del 33º Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Nutrición Clínica. La Declaración proporciona un marco coherente de 13 principios, los cuales podrán servir de guía a las sociedades afiliadas a la FELANPE en el desarrollo de los planes de acción. Además, servirá como un instrumento para que promuevan, a través de los gobiernos, la formulación de políticas y legislaciones en el campo de la nutrición clínica. Consideramos que el marco general de principios propuesto por la Declaración puede contribuir a crear conciencia acerca de la magnitud de este problema y a forjar redes de cooperación entre los países de la región. Aunque esta Declaración no tiene un efecto jurídico vinculante (obligatorio), tiene una fuerza moral innegable y puede proporcionar orientación práctica a los estados. Un plan de implementación permitirá desarrollar la caja de herramientas necesaria para transformar los principios en acciones

The need to promote the right to nutritional care, to fight against malnutrition and to advance in education and research in clinical nutrition has led all the FELANPE's societies to sign on May 3rd, during the 33rd Congress of the Colombian Clinical Nutrition Association (ACNC) in the city of Cartagena, the International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the Fight against Malnutrition, "Declaration of Cartagena". The Declaration provides a coherent framework of 13 principles which can serve as a guide for societies, schools and associations affiliated to FELANPE in the development of action plans. In addition, it will serve as an instrument to promote, through governments, the formulation of policies and legislation in the field of clinical nutrition. We believe that the general framework of principles proposed by the Declaration can contribute to raise awareness about the magnitude of this problem and to promote cooperation networks among Latin-American countries. Although this Declaration does not have a binding legal effect, it has an undeniable moral strength and it can provide practical guidance to States. An implementation program will allow developing a toolkit to transform principles into actions

Muscle regeneration through therapy with estromal stem cells in injury of infraespinhosus muscle of sheep

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rotator cuff muscle regeneration in sheep and establish an experimental model for the use of autologous stem cells as a treatment option for tendon injuries. Methods: Infrared muscle tenotomies and Penrose drain implantation were performed on 12 shoulders of six clinically healthy adult sheep. After 60 days, the tendons were submitted to tissue repair, drainage removal, and divided into two groups according to the use of autologous stromal stem cells for treatment. Muscle regeneration was performed by biopsy on days 14 and 34 after repair. Results: The treatment group with cell therapy showed neovascularization and expressive regeneration. Complete regeneration of the muscle pattern did not occur in any sample although some muscle gain was obtained in the group 1 samples at 34 days after repair and introduction of stem cells. Fatty infiltration of these samples from group 1 at 34 days was less intense than that in samples from group 2 at 34 days after repair without the introduction of autologous precursor cells. Conclusion: The sheep proved to be a good experimental model to assist in the development of research on muscle regeneration and the autologous manipulation of stem cells as a therapeutic option.

A contribuição da governança para aprimorar o uso dos recursos na Saúde Pública / Governance's contribution to improving the use of resources in Public Health

Este artigo apresenta a atuação do tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) na avaliação da governança na saúde pública sob diferentes perspectivas. Primeiramente, discute as implicações da execução da politica de saúde frente aos desafios da descentralização, situando o papel da governança e sus importância para as relações interfederativas, diante da necessária cooperação entre entes para assegurar a integralidade na oferta de serviços de saúde aos cidadãos . Destaca, também, a necessária harmonização dos recursos e esforços dentro de cada secretaria de saúde e de cada conselho de saúde, sob o ponto de vista da governança organizacional. O Conselho de Saúde representa o principal ator da governança, enquanto a Secretaria de Saúde o principal ator da gestão. Enquanto o primeiro dita os rumos e acompanha os resultados, o segundo mobiliza os recursos para o cumprimento dos objetivos. A governança organizacional orienta a organização para que organize os componentes de liderança, estratégia, processos de trabalho e controles, de modo a reduzir os riscos e aumentar o potencial de sucesso rumo aos objetivos. Cada organização operando de forma mais organizada significa também que estão potencialmente mais aptas às discussões e pactuações necessárias ao estabelecimento de acordos interfederativos, capazes de assegurar a prestação de serviços de saúde de forma otimizadas nas regiões de saúde. Por fim, são apresentados os resultados das avaliações realizadas pelo TCU e as principais recomendações

Radiation therapy for oral melanoma in dogs: A retrospective study / A utilização da radioterapia no melanoma oral de cães: Estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT: Our retrospective study evaluated the survival of 24 dogs with unresectable malignant melanoma treated with radiation therapy. Fifteen dogs were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), five with surgery followed by RT and CT, three with palliative RT, and one with electrochemotherapy associated with RT. All dogs were treated with an orthovoltage Stabilipan I. The protocol used was three or four weekly fractions of 8 Gy. Carboplatin was administered every 21 days, a total of four times. Five percent of dogs were classified as having stage I melanoma, 17% as stage II, 50% as stage III, and 17% as stage IV. Sixty-four percent had a partial response to treatment, 29% achieved complete remission, and 7% remained in a stable disease state. The mean survival time was 390 days for stage I, 286 days for stage II, 159 days for stage III, and 90 days for stage IV. We concluded that radiation therapy can be considered a viable alternative for the palliative treatment of canine oral melanoma.

RESUMO: O estudo retrospectivo analisou a sobrevida de 24 cães com melanomas irressecáveis tratados com radioterapia (RT). Quinze animais foram tratados com RT e quimioterapia (QT), 5 animais com cirurgia citoredutiva seguida por RT e QT, 3 animais com RT paliativa apenas e 1 animal com RT associada a 1 sessão de eletroquimioterapia. Os animais foram tratados com um equipamento de ortovoltagem Stabilipan I, e o protocolo foi de três a quatro frações semanais de 8 Gy. A quimioterapia consistiu de carboplatina administrada a cada 21 dias em um total de 4 aplicações. Apenas um animal (4%) foi classificado em estadio I, enquanto quatro (17%) estavam no estadio II, doze (50%) estavam no estadio III e quatro (29%) estavam no estadio IV. De maneira geral, 64% dos cães apresentaram resposta parcial, 29% remissão completa e 7% doença estável. O tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 390 dias no estádio I, 286 dias no estádio II, 159 dias no estádio III e 90 dias no estádio IV. A radioterapia deve ser considerada pelo clínico veterinário como alternativa para o tratamento de melanoma oral canino.

Helicobacter spp. in domestic cats: identification and relationship with anatomical and histopathological gastric changes in animals of blood group A / Helicobacter spp. em gatos domésticos: identificação e relação com alterações gástricas anatômicas e histopatológicas em animais de sangue tipo A

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms and the endoscopic and histopathological changes in domestic cats with blood type A. Samples from the stomach antrum, body and fundus were collected from 32 mixed-breed stray domestic cats using gastroscopy. Urease testing and cytological analysis were performed in fresh samples. Tissue sections were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the Warthin-Starry (WS) silver staining methods for histopathological examination. Helicobacter spp. were detected in 100% of samples subjected to silver staining and cytological analysis, and in 96.9% of samples subjected to urease testing. In 87.5% of the cats, mononuclear inflammatory-cell infiltrates were identified. The graduation and distribution of inflammatory infiltrates in these cats revealed mild (78.1%) to moderate (9.4%) inflammatory changes in at least one gastric region. These changes were independent of the colonization score. Hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles was detected in three cats. Cats of blood group A are often colonized by Helicobacter spp. and the macroscopic and microscopic findings are consistent with studies in domestic cats reported to date, concluding that the most common blood group in cats is not associated with high susceptibility to symptomatic gastritis.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de organismos semelhantes a Helicobacter e as alterações endoscópicas e histopatológicas em estômago de gatos domésticos de sangue tipo A. Amostras de antro, corpo e fundo gástricos foram coletadas de 32 gatos, sem raça definida, não domiciliados através de gastroscopia. Teste de urease e análise citológica foram realizados em amostras frescas. Secções teciduais foram processadas e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina e pela prata pelo método de Warthin-Starry para avaliação histológica. Helicobacter spp. foi detectado em 100% das amostras submetidas às análises citológicas e coloração pela prata e em 96,9% das amostras submetidas ao teste de urease. Em 87,5% dos gatos foi identificado infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. A graduação e distribuição do infiltrado inflamatório nestes gatos revelaram alterações leves (78,1%) a moderada (9,4%) em pelo menos uma região gástrica. Estas alterações eram independentes do escore de colonização. Hiperplasia de folículos linfoides foram detectadas em 3 gatos. Gatos do grupo sanguíneo A são frequentemente colonizados por Helicobacter spp. e os achados macro e microscópicos são consistentes com estudos em gatos domésticos realizados até a presente data. Conclui-se que o grupo sanguíneo mais comum em gatos não está associado com uma alta susceptibilidade a gastrite sintomática causada por Helicobacter spp.(AU)

PTH and ionized calcium evaluation in unilateral thyroidectomized cats

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as concentrações de cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto (iPTH) após a tireoidectomia com implantação da paratireoide em gatos hipertireoideos. Gatos hipertireoideos podem apresentar hipocalcemia por apresentarem distúrbio na homeostase de cálcio. A tireoidectomia pode levar a hipocalcemia pós-operatória, sendo, portanto, fundamental a mensuração dos níveis de cálcio antes da cirurgia em pacientes hipertireoideos. Dezessete gatos com hipertireoidismo com lobos cervicais palpáveis foram examinados e avaliados laboratorialmente para a cirurgia. Tireoidectomia unilateral com implantação da glândula paratireoide foi realizada. Hemograma completo, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, alanino aminotransferase, fósforo, potássio e tiroxina total foram realizados antes e sete dias após a cirurgia. Amostras de sangue para avaliar cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto foram coletadas antes e nos dias 1, 2, 7, 15 e 21 após a cirurgia. Os níveis séricos de cálcio diminuíram significativamente em 24 horas após a cirurgia. Hipocalcemia subclínica ocorreu em dois gatos. As concentrações de iPTH foram uniformemente baixas ao longo do estudo e não avaliaram a função da glândula paratireoide após a tireoidectomia nesses gatos. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de cálcio e de iPTH. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os níveis de iPTH não indicam função da glândula paratireoide e que os níveis de cálcio devem ser avaliados antes da tireoidectomia, mesmo nos casos de tireoidectomia unilateral.

The aim of this study was to measure ionized calcium and intact parathormone concentrations after unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation in hyperthyroid cats. Hiperthyroid cats may have calcium homeostasis disorder and have decreased calcium concentration. Calcium levels decrease after thyroidectomy and their levels must be measured before thyroidectomy. Seventeen hyperthyroid cats with palpable nodules were submitted to clinical and laboratorial examination and they were prepared to surgery. Unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland autotransplantation was performed. Concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, potassium, total thyroxine and hematologic profile were determined before and seven days after surgery. Blood samples for serum ionized calcium concentration were collected before and after surgery on days 1, 2, 7, 15, 21. Serum calcium concentration fell significantly in all cats within 24 hours after surgery. Hypocalcemia occurred in two cats without clinical signs. The iPTH concentration measurements for samples throughout the study were uniformly low, with no patterns or trends identified. There wasn't correlation between serum calcium levels and iPTH levels in any moment before and after surgery. iPTH couldn't indicate parathyroid gland function after thyroidectomy in cats. The results of this study suggest that calcium concentration of all thyroidectomized cats must be measured before surgery even if they are submitted to unilateral thyroidectomy. iPTH concentration doens't evaluate patathyroid gland function

Reproductive disorders caused by Toxoplasma gondii in sheep / Alterações reprodutivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos / Alteraciones reproductivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii en ovinos

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan, intracellular, obligatory parasite protozoan of importance to public and animal health. In sheep, this species is a causative agent of reproductive disorders. The main sign produced by T. gondii infection in this species is abortion, which causes economic losses to sheep ranching. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the abortion outbreaks and reproductive disorders caused by T. gondii infection in sheep, also addressing aspects of biology, diagnosis, prevention and control of the parasite.

Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito protozoario intracelular obligatorio cosmopolita, de importancia para la salud pública y animal. En la especie ovina es reconocido como agente causador de trastornos reproductivos. El principal síntoma producido por la infección con Toxoplasma en ovinos es el aborto, lo que provoca pérdidas económicas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los brotes de aborto y alteraciones reproductivas causadas por la infección con T. gondii en la especie ovina, abordando también aspectos de la biología, diagnóstico, prevención y control del parásito.

Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito protozoário intracelular obrigatório cosmopolita de importância para saúde pública e animal. Na espécie ovina é reconhecido como agente causador de distúrbios reprodutivos. O principal quadro clínico causado pela infecção pelo Toxoplasma em ovinos é o abortamento, que causa perdas econômicas. O principal objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento dos surtos de abortamentos e alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por T. gondii na espécie ovina, abordando ainda aspectos da biologia, diagnóstico, prevenção e controle do parasito.

Assistência farmacêutica domiciliar na utilização de medicamentos no bairro zona iii no município de UMUARMA-PR / Home pharmaceutical care in the use of medicines in zona iii neighborhood in UMUARMA - PR

O cuidado farmacêutico na Assistência Farmacêutica Domiciliar, além de contar com toda assistência existente em um estabelecimento de saúde, engloba os fatores sociais, familiares e individuais de cada paciente, em sua residência. Dessa forma, o farmacêutico assume um papel imprescindível, sendo responsável pela promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. Analogamente, o presente trabalho avaliou, por meio de um questionário, os moradores do bairro Zona III, no município de Umuarama - PR, além de realizar algumas orientações quanto à utilização dos medicamentos. Foram avaliados 65 pacientes, dos quais, 89,2% alegaram realizar o uso contínuo de medicamentos, destes 75,4% são mulheres e 24,6% homens, em relação à escolaridade, 9,2% declararam ser analfabetos, 44,6% cursaram a escola fundamental, enquanto 36,9% afirmam ter cursado até o ensino médio, e 9,2% concluíram o ensino superior. Posteriormente, menos da metade dos pacientes afirmaram realizar a leitura da bula, porém, 70% alegaram verificar o lote e validade dos medicamentos utilizados. Ao serem questionados sobre a forma de aquisição, 53,8% dizem comprá-los, e 32,3% adquirem por meio de compra e do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), 6,2% compram e recebem por meio de doações, 6,2% obtém do (SUS), ao passo que 1,5% somente por doações. Em relação à posologia, a maioria assegura segui-la corretamente, totalizando 81,5% dos pacientes. Com base neste trabalho, retificou-se a necessidade da presença do farmacêutico para orientação dos pacientes.

Pharmaceutical care in Home Pharmaceutical Assistance, as well as having all the assistance provided by a health institution, it also includes social, family and individual factors for each patient at their homes. Therefore, the pharmacist plays an essential role, being responsible for the promotion, protection and recovery of health. This study applied a questionnaire to the residents of Zona III neighborhood in the city of Umuarama - PR, in addition to providing some guidelines regarding the use of medications. A total of 65 patients were assessed, of which 89.2% said they make continuous use of medication, 75.4% of these were women and 24.6% men. Regarding education, 9.2% reported being illiterate, 44.6 % have attended primary school, while 36.9% claim to have attended high school and 9.2% have completed higher education. Additionally, less than half of the patients reported having the habit of reading the leaflets, although 70% reported they check the batch and validity of the medicine used. When asked about the form of acquisition, 53.8% say they buy them, while 32.3% acquire them through purchase and through the Unified Health System, 6.2% buy and receive donations, 6.2% obtained it from the Unified Health System (SUS), while 1.5% obtained them only though donations. Regarding posology, most of them (81.5%) stated they followed the posology correctly. The need of a pharmacist could be noticed throughout the work, in order to provide guidance to the patients.

Use of 2% methylene blue dye for location of axillary lymph node in bitches (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) / Uso do corante azul de metileno a 2% na localização do linfonodo axilar em cadelas (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758)

A biopsy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) is increasingly used to determine tumor clinical staging. The involvement of lymph nodes in veterinary patients has strong prognostic value in mammary gland tumors. There is a lack of well established guidelines for the evaluation of the SLN in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of 2% methylene blue dye in identifying axillary lymph node in dogs. Thus, we used 101 bitches suffering from breast lesions that underwent unilateral or bilateral mastectomy. Before surgery, sterile 2% methylene blue solution was applied intradermally in the area around the cranial thoracic gland. The dye was effective in identifying axillary lymph node in 76.27% of mammary chains. Blue stained structures similar to lymph nodes were obtained in 78.81% of cases and 96.77% of these structures were confirmed histopathologically as lymph nodes. Given the prognostic significance of lymph node involvement in some tumors, evaluation of SLN should be incorporated into clinical routine in order to allow a more accurate clinical staging of bitches with breast cancer...

A biopsia de linfonodo sentinela (LS) é cada vez mais utilizada para a determinação do estadiamento clínico tumoral. O acometimento de linfonodos em animais com doença oncológica possui forte valor prognóstico no tumor da glândula mamária. Em medicina veterinária faltam diretrizes bem estabelecidas para a avaliação do LS. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do corante azul de metileno a 2% na identificação do linfonodo axilar em cadelas com lesões mamárias. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 101 cadelas, portadoras de lesões mamárias, submetidas à mastectomia radical unilateral ou bilateral. Antes do início da cirurgia, aplicou-se, por via intradérmica, na área ao redor da mama torácica cranial, solução de azul de metileno a 2% estéril. O corante foi eficaz na identificação do linfonodo axilar em 76,27% das cadeias mamárias. Obtiveram-se estruturas coradas em azul, semelhantes a linfonodos em 78,81% dos casos. Dessas estruturas, 96,77% foram confirmadas ao exame histopatológico como linfonodos. Dada a importância prognóstica do comprometimento de linfonodos em alguns tumores, a avaliação do LS deve ser incorporada à rotina clínica, de modo a permitir um estadiamento mais preciso das cadelas com neoplasia mamária...

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the endometrium of mares during estrus and at early diestrus / Expressão do antígeno núcleo celular proliferante no endométrio de éguas durante o estro e início do diestro

Immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was evaluated in the endometrium of mares during estrus and at early diestrus. Three samples were collected by endometrial biopsy from 10 mares, on estrus/ second day, in the ovulation day and seven days after the ovulation day. PCNA expression was high in luminal epithelium and low in endometrial glands on samples taken on estrus/second day and on the ovulation day (p 0.05). For samples collected on the seventh day following ovulation, the averaged PCNA immunostaining was higher in glandular epithelium (p 0.05). The study revealed that luminal epithelial cells exhibit higher proliferation during estrus and glandular epithelial cells exhibited higher proliferation during diestrus...

A expressão do antígeno núcleo celular proliferante (ANCP) foi avaliada no endométrio de éguas durante o estro e início do diestro. Em cada uma de dez éguas foram efetuadas biópsias do endométrio em três momentos dos respectivos ciclos reprodutivos: segundo dia do estro, dia da ovulação e sete dias após a ovulação. Nas amostras colhidas no segundo dia do estro e no dia da ovulação, a expressão do ANCP foi elevada no epitélio luminal e baixa nas glândulas endometriais (p 0,05). Nas amostras colhidas no sétimo dia após a ovulação, a média de ANCP imunologicamente corado foi maior no epitélio glandular (p 0,05). O estudo revelou que as células do epitélio luminal apresentaram a maior proliferação durante o estro e que as células epiteliais glandulares apresentaram a maior proliferação durante o diestro...