ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pre-operative anxiety occurs in 18 to 60% of children undergoing surgery and results in poor outcomes. Nonpharmacological methods of distraction are effective in alleviating peri-operative anxiety. In our institution, ride-on electric cars (ride-on e-cars) are routinely used by children undergoing ambulatory surgery as a mean of nonpharmacological distraction. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of pre-operative distraction with ride-on e-cars on children's pre-operative anxiety when undergoing elective ambulatory surgery. DESIGN: This was a prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label study. SETTING: The study was carried out from September 2019 to September 2021 in the ambulatory paediatric surgery unit of our teaching hospital, in Marseille, France. PATIENTS: Children aged 2 to 10âyears and weighing less than 35âkg undergoing elective ambulatory surgery were eligible. One hundred and fifteen children were included, 56 in the control group and 59 in the intervention group. INTERVENTION: Children in the control group were transported from the operating room (OR) waiting area to the OR using a trolley, while children in the intervention group used the ride-on e-cars, without pharmacological premedication or parental presence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was pre-operative anxiety at the end of the transport (prior going into the OR assessed by the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Score Short Form (mYPAS-SF). Secondary outcomes were the anxiety levels in children over time, as well as postoperative pain and agitation assessed with the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) and Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales, respectively. RESULTS: The mYPAS-SF anxiety scores did not differ between the control group and the intervention group (39â±â19 vs. 37â±â21, P â=â0.574). The secondary outcomes were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our randomised controlled trial showed that the use of ride-on e-cars did not alter pre-operative anxiety as compared with standard transport in children undergoing elective ambulatory surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03961581.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Automobiles , Humans , Child , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Prospective Studies , Preoperative Care/methods , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Objetivo: verificar os indicadores bibliométricos referentes à produção científica disponível em periódicos online acerca do tema equilíbrio e medo de cair em idosos. Método: estudo bibliométrico, cuja amostra foi de 51 artigos, publicados no período entre 2008 e 2018, nos idiomas inglês e/ou português, disponibilizados na íntegra em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: verificou-se maior pico de produções no ano de 2016 (21,6%). Predominaram publicações disponibilizadas no idioma inglês (96,1%). Revistas classificadas como Qualis A1 (52,9%) foram a maioria. Quanto ao enfoque dos estudos, predominou os temas acidentes por queda; medidas de prevenção e tratamento; medidas de testes e avaliação; e morbidades. Conclusão: os indicadores bibliométricos acerca do tema equilíbrio e medo de cair em idosos apontam uma produção científica em desenvolvimento. Esta temática tem sido foco recente de pesquisadores na área de saúde que atuam no cuidado e reabilitação do idoso
Objective: verify the bibliometrics indicators regarding to the scientific production available in online journals related to balance and fear of falling in aged. Method: a bibliometric study, whose sample was composed by 51 articles, published between 2008 and 2018, written in English and/or Portuguese, available in national and international databases. Results: the peak of productions was verified in the year of 2016 (21.6%). It predominated publications written in English (96.1%). Journals categorized as QUALIS A1 (52.9%) were the majority. Regarding to the subject of the studies, it prevailed those related to accidents by fall; prevention and treatment; morbidities; and studies emphasizing the measures used in tests and evaluations. Conclusion:bibliometric indicators regarding the subject balance and fear of falling expresses a scientific production under development. This topic has been a recent focus of health researchers working in the care and rehabilitation of the elderly
Objetivo: verificar los indicadores bibliométricos relacionados con la producción científica disponibles en revistas online sobre el tema del equilibrio y el miedo a caer en los ancianos. Método: estudio bibliométrico, cuya muestra fue de 51 artículos, publicados entre 2008 y 2018, en inglés y/o portugués, disponibles en su totalidad en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: el pico de producción más alto se observó en 2016 (21,6%). Las publicaciones disponibles en el idioma inglés (96,1%) fueron las predominantes. Las revistas clasificadas como Qualis A1 (52,9%) fueron la mayoría. En cuanto al enfoque de los estudios, se centraron en los accidentes de caída, las medidas de prevención y tratamiento, las medidas de prueba y evaluación y las morbilidades. Conclusión: los indicadores bibliométricos sobre el tema del equilibrio y el miedo a la caída en las personas mayores indican una producción científica en desarrollo. Este tema ha sido un foco reciente de los investigadores del área de la salud que trabajan en el cuidado y la rehabilitación de los ancianos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Accidental Falls , Aged , Fear , Bibliometrics , Postural BalanceABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to evaluate nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) associated with ultrafine airborne particles (PM1) in areas affected by vehicles in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre (MAPA), RS, Brazil. Extraction, isolation/derivatization, and subsequently gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) were the techniques used to extract and determine NPAHs (1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene,3-nitrofluoranthene,1-nitropyrene, and 6-nitrochrysene) associated with PM1 Airborne particles (PM1) were collected using PTFE filters in a PM162M automatic sampler. The analytical method was validated by the Standard Reference Material - SRM 1649 b - from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). The results were consistent with the certified values. 3-NFlt and 6-NChr reached highest concentrations of 0.047 ng·m(-3) and 0.0284 ng·m(-3), respectively, in Sapucaia do Sul and Canoas. Seasonal variation showed higher NPAH concentrations in cold days. The NPAHs associated with PM1 were correlated with the pollutants nitrogen oxides and NPAHs with meteorological variables: temperature and wind speed. The results indicated that vehicles with diesel engines were influential. This was confirmed by the study of the ratios NPAHs/PAHs, 1-NPyr/Pyr, and 6-NChr/Chr.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Particulate Matter/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Brazil , Chrysenes/analysis , Fluorenes/analysis , Naphthalenes/analysis , Pyrenes/analysis , Vehicle Emissions/analysisABSTRACT
Atmospheric fine and coarse particles were collected in Teflon filters in three cities of the region of the Lower Sinos River Basin of Rio Grande do Sul in the year 2010. The filters were Soxhlet extracted, and 14 priority PAHs were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The principal emission sources of these compounds were assessed by using diagnostic ratios and receptor model: positive matrix factorization (PMF 3.0) of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results of PAHs concentration for the studied year showed significant levels of high molecular weight (HMW) PAH, Ind, and BghiP, in PM2.5 in the winter season, showing the influence of mobile sources. The application of receptor model PMF 3.0 revealed that the main sources of PAHs were vehicle fleet (both diesel and gasoline), followed by coal combustion, wood combustion, and resuspension of dust. The results of the receptor modeling are in agreement with the data obtained by the ratio diagnostic.
