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1.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 18: 100345, 2019 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31796184

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the worldwide distributed parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. The host-adapted species Cryptosporidium canis is most frequently found in dogs, although human infections with this species have been described. This study aimed to develop a real-time PCR targeting the HSP70 protein gene for C. canis DNA detection in dog fecal samples collected from two municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Furthermore, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and. C. canis was also determined by nested PCR. Fecal samples from 367 dogs (21 puppies and 346 adults) were purified by water-ether sedimentation. A real-time PCR protocol targeting the HSP70 gene for the species-specific detection of C. canis was developed and compared with nested PCR results. Real-time PCR identified C. canis in 15.3% (58/367) samples. Nested PCR revealed that 10.4% (38/367) of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. All sequenced 18S rRNA amplicons were C. canis. There was a higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and C. canis in puppies compared to adult dogs. No non-specific amplification was observed in C. canis specific real-time PCR assay.


Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Animals , Dogs , Feces/parasitology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
2.
Vet Parasitol ; 204(3-4): 134-8, 2014 Aug 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24880646

ABSTRACT

Infection by Cryptosporidium serpentis occurs in reptiles, particularly in snakes. This disease is characterized by chronic infection with the presence of hypertrophic gastritis. The objectives of this study were to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene for the detection of C. serpentis in fecal samples from snakes and to determine the analytical and epidemiological specificity and sensitivity of this approach relative to the gold standard of nested PCR for the amplification of a fragment of the 18S subunit of the ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene followed by the sequencing of amplified fragments (nPCR/S). Individual fecal samples were collected on a single occasion from 503 asymptomatic adult snakes housed in the serpentarium of the Butantan Institute in São Paulo, Brazil. The nested PCR revealed that 60 samples (11.98%) were positive for Cryptosporidium sp. The sequencing of amplified fragments, which was possible for 38 samples, resulted in the identification of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri (7), Cryptosporidium muris (4), Cryptosporidium varanii (12) and C. serpentis (15) in fecal samples from several snake species. The real-time PCR approach indicated that 17 samples (3.37%) were positive for C. serpentis, whereas the nPCR/S indicated that 15 samples (2.98%) were positive for C. serpentis. The epidemiological sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were 93.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Thus, we conclude that real-time PCR targeting the Hsp70 gene is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of C. serpentis in snake fecal samples.


Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Snakes/parasitology , Animals , Base Sequence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/chemistry , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Feces/parasitology , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
3.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 15(4): 484-489, Out-Dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-381338

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to research the long-term shedding of Isospora spp. oocysts in several species of passerines naturally infected and kept in captivity. Two hundred and eighty-nine fecal samples were collected from two flocks with previous diagnosis of isosporosis, in which several adult passerine species were raised. Samples were collected individually, monthly, for 13 months, purified in Sheathers sugar solution and examined using microscopy. Of the 289 samples, 159 (55.02%) were positive for Isospora spp.  oocysts and 130 (44.98%) were negative. Most of the birds analyzed shed oocysts in small quantity (score 1), intermittently and for a long period.  Despite the occurrence of Isospora infection, the birds that were analysed showed no clinical isosporosis. The results of this research provide data for the control of isosporosis in passerines raised in captivity. The decisions about performing prophylactic or curative treatment, as well as decisions related to hygiene and sanitary measures must take into account not only the presence of the parasite in feces, but also the intensity of oocysts shedding, as well as evaluation of sanitary and nutritional management and the presence of clinical signs and/or mortality.(AU)


O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar, em longo prazo, a presença de oocistos de Isospora spp. em várias espécies de passeriformes, naturalmente infectadas, criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas 289 amostras em dois criatórios de passeriformes, onde houve comprovação prévia de infecção por Isospora, nos quais havia alojamento de várias espécies de passeriformes adultos. As amostras foram colhidas de forma individual, com periodicidade mensal, por 13 meses, purificadas em solução de Sheather e examinadas por microscopia. Das 289 amostras, 159 (55,02%) apresentaram positividade para oocistos de Isospora e 130 (44,98%) foram negativas. Na maioria das aves analisadas foi observada eliminação de oocistos, em pequena quantidade, intermitente e por período prolongado. Apesar de todas as aves apresentarem oocistos de Isospora nas fezes pelo menos uma vez, em um período de 13 meses, as aves não apresentaram isosporose clínica. Os resultados observados neste experimento fornecem dados para o controle da isosporose em passeriformes criados em cativeiro.Asdecisões sobre a realização de tratamento profilático oucurativo, assim como sobre medidas higiênico-sanitárias a serem adotadas devem levar em consideração não somente a presença de parasito em fezes, mas também a intensidade de eliminação de oocistos, sim como aavaliação do manejo higiênico sanitário e nutricional e a presença de sinais clínicos e/ou de mortalidade. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Passeriformes/parasitology , Animals, Zoo/parasitology , Isospora/parasitology , Isospora/pathogenicity , Oocysts/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Microscopy/methods , Disease Prevention , Parasite Egg Count/instrumentation
4.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 15(4)2014.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-745057

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to research the long-term shedding of Isospora spp. oocysts in several species of passerines naturally infected and kept in captivity. Two hundred and eighty-nine fecal samples were collected from two flocks with previous diagnosis of isosporosis, in which several adult passerine species were raised. Samples were collected individually, monthly, for 13 months, purified in Sheather's sugar solution and examined using microscopy. Of the 289 samples, 159 (55.02%) were positive for Isospora spp. oocysts and 130 (44.98%) were negative. Most of the birds analyzed shed oocysts in small quantity (score 1), intermittently and for a long period. Despite the occurrence of Isospora infection, the birds that were analysed showed no clinical isosporosis. The results of this research provide data for the control of isosporosis in passerines raised in captivity. The decisions about performing prophylactic or curative treatment, as well as decisions related to hygiene and sanitary measures must take into account not only the presence of the parasite in feces, but also the intensity of oocysts shedding, as well as evaluation of sanitary and nutritional management and the presence of clinical signs and/or mortality.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar, em longo prazo, a presença de oocistos de Isospora spp. em várias espécies de passeriformes, naturalmente infectadas, criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas 289 amostras em dois criatórios de passeriformes, onde houve comprovação prévia de infecção por Isospora, nos quais havia alojamento de várias espécies de passeriformes adultos. As amostras foram colhidas de forma individual, com periodicidade mensal, por 13 meses, purificadas em solução de Sheather e examinadas por microscopia. Das 289 amostras, 159 (55,02%) apresentaram positividade para oocistos de Isospora e 130 (44,98%) foram negativas. Na maioria das aves analisadas foi observada eliminação de oocistos, em pequena quantidade, intermitente e por período prolongado. Apesar de todas as aves apresentarem oocistos de Isospora nas fezes pelo menos uma vez, em um período de 13 meses, as aves não apresentaram isosporose clínica. Os resultados observados neste experimento fornecem dados para o controle da isosporose em passeriformes criados em cativeiro. As decisões sobre a realização de tratamento profilático ou curativo, assim como sobre medidas higiênico-sanitárias a serem adotadas devem levar em consideração não somente a presença de parasito em fezes, mas também a intensidade de eliminação de oocistos, ssim como a avaliação do manejo higiênico sanitário e nutricional e a presença de sinais clínicos e/ou de mortalidade.

5.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 15(4): 484-489, Out-Dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1473355

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to research the long-term shedding of Isospora spp. oocysts in several species of passerines naturally infected and kept in captivity. Two hundred and eighty-nine fecal samples were collected from two flocks with previous diagnosis of isosporosis, in which several adult passerine species were raised. Samples were collected individually, monthly, for 13 months, purified in Sheathers sugar solution and examined using microscopy. Of the 289 samples, 159 (55.02%) were positive for Isospora spp.  oocysts and 130 (44.98%) were negative. Most of the birds analyzed shed oocysts in small quantity (score 1), intermittently and for a long period.  Despite the occurrence of Isospora infection, the birds that were analysed showed no clinical isosporosis. The results of this research provide data for the control of isosporosis in passerines raised in captivity. The decisions about performing prophylactic or curative treatment, as well as decisions related to hygiene and sanitary measures must take into account not only the presence of the parasite in feces, but also the intensity of oocysts shedding, as well as evaluation of sanitary and nutritional management and the presence of clinical signs and/or mortality.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar, em longo prazo, a presença de oocistos de Isospora spp. em várias espécies de passeriformes, naturalmente infectadas, criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas 289 amostras em dois criatórios de passeriformes, onde houve comprovação prévia de infecção por Isospora, nos quais havia alojamento de várias espécies de passeriformes adultos. As amostras foram colhidas de forma individual, com periodicidade mensal, por 13 meses, purificadas em solução de Sheather e examinadas por microscopia. Das 289 amostras, 159 (55,02%) apresentaram positividade para oocistos de Isospora e 130 (44,98%) foram negativas. Na maioria das aves analisadas foi observada eliminação de oocistos, em pequena quantidade, intermitente e por período prolongado. Apesar de todas as aves apresentarem oocistos de Isospora nas fezes pelo menos uma vez, em um período de 13 meses, as aves não apresentaram isosporose clínica. Os resultados observados neste experimento fornecem dados para o controle da isosporose em passeriformes criados em cativeiro.Asdecisões sobre a realização de tratamento profilático oucurativo, assim como sobre medidas higiênico-sanitárias a serem adotadas devem levar em consideração não somente a presença de parasito em fezes, mas também a intensidade de eliminação de oocistos, sim como aavaliação do manejo higiênico sanitário e nutricional e a presença de sinais clínicos e/ou de mortalidade.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Zoo/parasitology , Isospora/parasitology , Isospora/pathogenicity , Oocysts/parasitology , Passeriformes/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count/instrumentation , Feces/parasitology , Microscopy/methods , Disease Prevention
6.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);41(6): 1057-1062, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592625

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar as técnicas de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) e a microscopia de contraste de fase em solução de Sheather (MCF), para detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bezerros. A determinação dos limiares detecção da IFD e da MCF foi realizada utilizando cinco alíquotas de uma amostra fecal de bezerro, comprovadamente negativa para Cryptosporidium spp., adicionadas com diferentes quantidades de oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum. Ao exame das 5 alíquotas, a IFD e a MCF apresentaram, respectivamente, limiares de detecção de 3,3x104 (duas alíquotas positivas) e 3,3x105 oocistos (1 alíquota positiva) por grama de fezes. Foram também realizadas a comparação entre a positividade obtida e uma análise semiquantitativa do número de oocistos observados por campo de microscopia, em ambos os métodos, em 300 amostras fecais de bezerros. Entre as 300 amostras, 19,7 por cento (59/300) foram positivas pela IFD, com diferença estatisticamente significante (P=0,0098) quando comparada com a positividade obtida pela MCF, que foi de 11,7 por cento (35/300). As amostras positivas foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do rRNA, com posterior sequenciamento dos fragmentos amplificados, o que permitiu a identificação de Cryptosporidium andersoni em 11,9 por cento (7/59) e de C.parvum em 88,1 por cento (52/59) das amostras. Os resultados observados comprovam que a IFD foi mais eficiente que a MCF para detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bezerros.


This study aimed to compare the direct immunofluorescence assay (DIF) and the phase contrast microscopy in Sheather solution (PCM) for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples from calves. The determination of the thresholds of detection of DIF and PCM was performed using five aliquots of a fecal sample from a calf negative for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, spiked with different amounts of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The screening of the five aliquots revealed that the DIF and MCF showed respectively, detection thresholds of 3.3x104 (2 positive aliquots) and 3.3x105 (1 positive aliquot) oocysts per gram of fecal sample. Further analyses were accomplished in order to compare the positivity results and to determine semi-quantitatively the number of oocysts per field of microscopy, in both methods, in 300 fecal samples from calves. Among the 300 samples, 19.7 percent (59/300) were positive by DIF, result that was statistically significant (P=0.0098) when compared with the positivity obtained by the PCM, which was 11.7 percent (35/300). The positive samples were submitted to the nested-PCR assay for amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit of rRNA, following sequencing of amplified fragments, allowing the identification of Cryptosporidium andersoni in 11.9 percent (7/59) and C. parvum in 88.1 percent (52/59) of the samples. The present results indicate that the DIF was more effective than PCM in the detection of Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from calves.

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