Latent Profiles of Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy in Chinese Residents and Its Related Predictors.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the latent profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy among Chinese residents and investigate whether some predictive factors are linked with different latent subgroups of coronavirus-related health literacy. DESIGN/SETTING: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese residents beginning in April 2020. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1610 Chinese residents aged 15 to 69 years were involved and were asked to complete the questionnaire about coronavirus-related health literacy, demographic information, and COVID-19 pandemic-related information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Examined the latent profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy and explored the influencing factors of different profiles of coronavirus-related health literacy. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 3 latent subgroups, namely, high coronavirus-related health literacy (45.53%), medium coronavirus-related health literacy (47.76%), and low coronavirus-related health literacy (6.71%). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, education, and the frequency of exposure to news about the pandemic could predict group membership. CONCLUSIONS: Most Chinese residents have medium coronavirus-related health literacy. Education is an important factor that has a long-term stable influence on coronavirus-related health literacy, and the frequency of exposure to news about the pandemic is a factor that can improve coronavirus-related health literacy in a short time.

Elder abuse in life stories: a qualitative study on rural Chinese older people.

Holding beliefs such as elder respect seems to make Chinese older adults vulnerable to feel abused. This study investigated how Chinese older people in the countryside perceive abuse and make sense of their abusive experiences while telling their life stories. Following a narrative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 older persons living in a rural village, Yunnan province, China, collected their life stories, and paid special attention to their telling of abuses. Thematic analysis of the data suggests that elder abuse for the participants is a betrayal of trust that is established within Chinese cultural values. Four themes were identified in explaining the participants' experiences of abuse: disrespect, dependency and the down-valued self, disconnection and rejection, and social comparisons in the construction of abuse. We discuss implications for future research and practices in stopping elder abuse.

Denitrification performance evaluation and kinetics analysis with mariculture solid wastes (MSW) derived carbon source in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

Biological denitrification using mariculture solid wastes (MSW) carbon source is a promising solution for removing nitrate (NO3--N) and disposing MSW in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). To enhance denitrification performance, heating (HT), rhamnolipid (RL), alkali (AL), thermophilic bacteria (TB) pre-treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluents were prepared as carbon sources. Profiles of soluble organics in four types of fermentation effluents were first evaluated. The highest volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yield (52.1%) was obtained from TB treated MSW after acidification. RL and TB treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluents showed high NO3--N removal efficiency (NRE) (around 97%). Acidogenic fermentation effluent from TB treated MSW presented a high biodegradability, with the minimum effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) amount (35 mg/L). Denitrification kinetics parameters were also analyzed; high fraction (74.5%) of the most readily biodegradable organics (SS) demonstrated that TB treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluent is a high-quality carbon source for enhancing denitrification.

Elucidating salinity adaptation and shock loading on denitrification performance: Focusing on microbial community shift and carbon source evaluation.

To understand the denitrification efficiency and microbial community shift with increasing salinity in salinity adaptation and shock loading process, nitrate (NO3--N), nitrite (NO2--N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were monitored feeding acetate and primary sludge fermentation liquid. During adaptation process, salinity had little effect on NO3--N removal efficiency (>99.0%) with acetate-fed, while for fermentation liquid-fed, it decreased to around 97% at high salinity (>2.5%). Effluent NO2--N was lower than 0.1 mg/L, though obvious fluctuation of NO2--N was observed with fermentation liquid-fed when salinity change. During shock loading process, denitrification process all had slight decrease when the salinity abruptly increased to 5.0%. Traditional denitrifier of Thauera was the dominant genus, and a specialized microbial community of Azoarcus in salinity adaptation and Paracoccus in shock loading for denitrification showed high salinity tolerant. Meanwhile, microbial diversity was enriched with fermentation liquid-fed at high salinity condition.

Heterotrophic denitrification strategy for marine recirculating aquaculture wastewater treatment using mariculture solid wastes fermentation liquid as carbon source: Optimization of COD/NO3--N ratio and hydraulic retention time.

Heterotrophic denitrification using mariculture solid wastes (MSW) fermentation liquid as carbon source is an economically and environmentally sustainable strategy for NO3--N removal in marine recycling aquaculture systems (RAS). The optimization of COD/NO3--N ratio (C/N) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) with respect to MSW fermentation liquid driven denitrification for marine RAS wastewater treatment was investigated. The optimum C/N of 8 and HRT of 6 h for heterotrophic denitrification was obtained with NO3--N removal efficiency of 97.8% and 94.2%, respectively. Using MSW fermentation liquid as carbon source, the utilization of VFAs was more effective than that of carbohydrates and proteins, and effluent COD concentration decreased with an increment in HRT from 4 to 8 h. The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis showed microbial communities were enriched selectively in the reactors by optimizing C/N and HRT, which obviously enhanced the nitrogen removal in respect to MSW fermentation liquid driven denitrification.

Transcriptome analysis of immune response in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) against Vibrio harveyi infection.

Fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) is an important aquaculture fish species in northern China. Unfortunately, Vibrio infections have caused considerable losses to the fat greenling aquaculture industry. However, the study on immune response of fat greenling against Vibrio species has not been reported yet. In this paper, the immune response of fat greenling against V. harveyi at gene expression level was studied by transcriptome analysis. A total of 189753 high-quality unigenes with a N50 length of 672bp were obtained by transcriptome profiling, which provided abundant data for the future study of fat greenling. Comparative analysis showed that 5425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified on day 3 post-infection (3dpi), containing 1837 up-regulated and 3588 down-regulated genes. Further annotation and analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. These pathways were mainly associated with phagocytosis and pathogen clearance, rarely involved in bacteria adhesion and pathogen identification, which suggested that the host might begin to clear and kill the invading bacteria on 3dpi. The research might provide a valuable resource to further study immune response and suggest strategies against V. harveyi infection in fat greenling.

Psychometric structure of the Chinese Multiethnic Adolescent Cultural Identity Questionnaire.

In this study, we used the Chinese Multiethnic Adolescent Cultural Identity Questionnaire (CMACIQ) and collected valid data from 1,036 participants to systematically examine the mental model of cultural identity in Chinese multiethnic adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed on the data to discover the factor structure and dimensions of cultural identity. The psychometric properties of the scale were rigorously validated in 2,744 new multiethnic participants from 5 native ethnic groups in Yunnan province in China. The results indicated that CMACIQ had reasonable metric properties and good fit indices. The hierarchical model of cultural identity consisted of 2 second-order factors, Ethnic Cultural Identity and Mainstream Cultural Identity in School. The first higher order factor was composed of preference for ethnic things, ethnic acceptance, religious belief, and ethnic convention, while the second comprised 2 first-order factors, Social Norms and Dominant Culture. The potential application and limitations of CMACIQ are discussed.

The effect of different acclimation temperatures on the prophenoloxidase system and other defence parameters in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Water temperature changes (higher and lower than 24 degrees C) were shown to have a significant effect on dopamine (DA) concentration, haemocyte count and the proPO system in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. No significant difference in any of the parameters was observed in the control group. DA concentration in haemolymph in the experimental groups increased to a peak value at 0.5 days; meanwhile serine protease (SP) activity and proteinase inhibitor (PI) activity decreased. Total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and PO activity were lowest at 1 day. All defence parameters became stable after 1-3 days, while the total haemocyte and large granular cell count stabilized after 6 days. After these stabilized, there was no significant difference in DA concentration and PI activity between the control and experimental groups, as was the case for the THC, DHC, PO and SP activities of shrimp held at higher temperatures. However these latter four parameters in the lower temperature groups were distinctly lower than the control group. alpha(2)-Macroglobulin activity in the experimental groups increased to a peak value after 1 day compared with the control and then stabilized after 6 days when the activity levels in higher temperature groups were higher than the control, while the lower temperature groups had no significant difference from the control. It was therefore concluded that water temperature changes modulated the immune system of L. vannamei.