Elevated Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill AECOPD Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a surrogate biomarker of insulin resistance which has been widely used in intensive care unit (ICU) to predict prognosis. However, its role in critically ill acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients remains largely unknown. Material and methods: A total of 645 AECOPD patients were induced in this retrospective cohort study, which extracted data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). The TyG index was calculated as Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2). The primary endpoint includes in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality. The secondary endpoint was sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI), and acute respiratory failure (ARF). Results: Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04-2.01, P = 0.028) and ICU mortality (HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.54, P = 0.004). Moreover, the TyG index was independently associated with an increased risk of sepsis (odds ratio, OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.24-1.93, P < 0.001), AKI (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.26-2.02, P < 0.001) and ARF (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.20-1.87, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that higher TyG indexes were also related to increased in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality. In addition, the restricted cubic splines regression model demonstrated that the in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality increased linearly with increasing TyG index (P for non-linearity = 0.897, P for non-linearity = 0.897, respectively). Conclusion: Elevated TyG index was independently associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes in critically ill AECOPD patients. A prospective study to define TyG as a biomarker for prognosis prediction in critically ill AECOPD patients is warranted.

Dexmedetomidine administration is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction partly through its anti-inflammatory activity.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a commonly used sedative in the intensive care unit and has demonstrated cardioprotective properties against ischemia-reperfusion injury in preclinical studies. However, the protective effects of early treatment of DEX in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its underlying mechanism are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the association between early DEX treatment and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, and to explore the potential mediating role of white blood cell (WBC) reduction in this relationship. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients with AMI were divided into the DEX and non-DEX group, based on whether they received DEX treatment in the early stage of hospitalization. The primary outcome measured was in-hospital mortality. The study evaluated the association between DEX use and in-hospital mortality using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method and Cox proportional hazards model. Additionally, 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to validate the results. Furthermore, causal mediation analysis (CMA) was utilized to explore potential causal pathways mediated by WBC reduction between early DEX use and the primary outcome. Results: This study analyzed data from 2,781 patients, with 355 in the DEX group and 2,426 in the non-DEX group. KM survival analysis revealed a significantly lower in-hospital mortality rate in the DEX group compared to the non-DEX group. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the Cox regression model demonstrated a significant positive impact of DEX on the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.71, p < 0.0001). PSM analysis confirmed these results, showing HR of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31-0.77, p = 0.0022). Additionally, CMA indicated that 13.7% (95% CI: 1.8%-46.9%, p = 0.022) of the beneficial effect of DEX on reducing in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI was mediated by the reduction in WBC. Conclusion: The treatment of DEX was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, potentially due to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Effect of proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists on acute kidney injury in septic patients at high risk for developing stress ulcers.

BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients at high risk for developing stress ulcers. METHODS: Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 database, septic patients with high-risk factors for stress ulcers (i.e., shock, coagulopathy, invasive mechanical ventilation, or chronic liver diseases) were included. Exposures included PPIs and H2RAs within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or prior to ICU admission. The primary end point was severe sepsis-associated AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria stage 3 (KDIGO-3). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effect size. RESULTS: 4731 PPI users and 4903 H2RA users were included. After PSM, there were 1785 pairs exposed to PPIs and H2RAs. In the PSM cohort, the cumulative incident KDIGO-3 rate was higher in the PPI group than in the H2RA group (log-rank test, p = 0.009). Regression analyses showed that PPI exposure [adjusted hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.58, p = 0.002] was associated with incident KDIGO-3 compared with H2RA use. This association remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the PPI group had a higher need for kidney replacement therapy compared with the H2RA group (3.6% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Among septic patients at high risk for developing stress ulcers, PPI exposure was associated with incident KDIGO-3 AKI compared with H2RA use.

Prognostic Value of Leukocyte-Based Risk Model for Acute Kidney Injury Prediction in Critically Ill Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and inflammation is the potential link between AKI and AECOPD. However, little is known about the incidence and risk stratification of AKI in critically ill AECOPD patients. In this study, we aimed to establish risk model based on white blood cell (WBC)-related indicators to predict AKI in critically ill AECOPD patients. Material and Methods: For the training cohort, data were taken from the Medical Information Mart for eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) database, and for the validation cohort, data were taken from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The study employed logistic regression analysis to identify the major predictors of WBC-related biomarkers on AKI prediction. Subsequently, a risk model was developed by multivariate logistic regression, utilizing the identified significant indicators. Results: Finally, 3551 patients were enrolled in training cohort, 926 patients were enrolled in validation cohort. AKI occurred in 1206 (33.4%) patients in training cohort and 521 (56.3%) patients in validation cohort. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, four WBC-related indicators were finally included in the novel risk model, and the risk model had a relatively good accuracy for AKI in the training set (C-index, 0.764, 95% CI 0.749-0.780) as well as in the validation set (C-index, 0.738, 95% CI: 0.706-0.770). Even after accounting for other models, the critically ill AECOPD patients in the high-risk group (risk score > 3.44) still showed an increased risk of AKI (odds ratio: 4.74, 95% CI: 4.07-5.54) compared to those in low-risk group (risk score ≤ 3.44). Moreover, the risk model showed outstanding calibration capability as well as therapeutic usefulness in both groups for AKI and ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality of critical ill AECOPD patients. Conclusion: The novel risk model showed good AKI prediction performance. This risk model has certain reference value for the risk stratification of AECOPD complicated with AKI in clinically.

Relationship between anion gap and in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with liver failure: a retrospective propensity score matching analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the association between anion gap (AG) and in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with liver failure. METHODS: Demographic and clinical characteristics of intensive care patients with liver failure in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database were collected, and binomial logistic and Cox regression was conducted to investigate the association between AG and in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was conducted to characterize the performance of AG in predicting in-hospital mortality, and was compared with the albumin corrected anion gap (ACAG) and the End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted for in-hospital survival analysis of AG and patients with liver failure. The propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to mitigate selection bias. RESULTS: AG was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with liver failure. Before PSM, the AUCs of AG, ACAG, and MELD were 0.666, 0.682, and 0.653, respectively. After PSM, the AUCs of AG, ACAG, and MELD scores were 0.645, 0.657, and 0.645, respectively, and there is no difference in the predictive performance of the three indicators upon comparison. Compared with the low-AG (≤20 mmol/L) group, the hazard ratio (HR) for in-hospital death of the high-AG (>20 mmol/L) group was determined to be 2.1472 (before PSM)/1.8890 (after PSM). CONCLUSIONS: AG is associated with in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with liver failure and demonstrates a moderate predictive value, which is comparable to the predictive power of the MELD score. AG may serve as an indirect marker of in-hospital mortality of patients with liver failure by reflecting the degree of metabolic acidosis.

HOMA-IR is positively correlated with biological age and advanced aging in the US adult population.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) had been reported to be associated with age; however, few studies have explored the association between IR and biological age (BA). The HOMA-IR value is a useful indicator of the extent of IR. This cross-sectional study is to explore the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging in the US population. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The survey comprised 12,266 people from the NHANES, and their full HOMA-IR data as well as BA data were extracted. Four multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and BA, and four multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and advanced aging. In addition, trend tests and stratified analysis were performed and smoothed fitted curves were plotted to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was positively correlated with BA [ß: 0.51 (0.39, 0.63)], and it was the same to advanced aging [OR: 1.05 (1.02, 1.07)], and both showed a monotonically increasing trend. The trend tests showed that the results were stable (all P for trend < 0.0001). The smoothed fitted curves showed that there were non-linear relationships between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging. And the stratified analysis indicated that the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging remained robust in all subgroups. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that HOMA-IR is positively correlated with BA and advanced aging in the US adult population, with a monotonic upward trend. This is a new finding to reveal the relationship between HOMA-IR and age from new standpoint of BA rather than chronological age (CA). And it may contribute to a better understanding of human health aging and may aid future research in this field.

Tuneable Schottky contact of MoSi2N4/TaS2 van der Waals heterostructure.

The two-dimensional MoSi2N4 monolayer is an emerging semiconductor material that offers considerable promise due to its ultra-thin profile, tuneable mechanical properties, excellent optoelectronic properties and exceptional environmental stability. The van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure formed by stacking such two-dimensional monolayers has demonstrated superior performance across various domains. In this study, a vdW heterostructure combining the two-dimensional MoSi2N4 and TaS2 monolayers is examined using first-principles density functional theory. In its ground state, this van der Waals heterostructure establishes an ohmic contact with an exceptionally low potential barrier height. By modulating the vdW heterostructure with an applied electric field of -0.1 V/Å and under vertical stress, we discovered that MoSi2N4 and TaS2 can transition from an ohmic contact to a p-type Schottky with an ultra-low Schottky barrier height (SBH). Our observations may give valuable insights for designing reconfigurable, tuneable Schottky nano-devices with enhanced electronic and optical properties based on MoSi2N4/TaS2.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2: a core biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: RNA modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine, N1-methyladenosine and 5-methylcytosine, play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. However, its regulatory function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be undefined. METHODS: In the study, key RNA modification regulators (RMRs) were screened by three machine learning models. Subsequently, a risk prediction model for DCM was developed and validated based on these important genes, and the diagnostic efficiency of these genes was assessed. Meanwhile, the relevance of these genes to clinical traits was explored. In both animal models and human subjects, the gene with the strongest connection was confirmed. The expression patterns of important genes were investigated using single-cell analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4 key RMRs were identified. The risk prediction models were constructed basing on these genes which showed a good accuracy and sensitivity in both the training and test set. Correlation analysis showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) had the highest correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R = -0.49, P = 0.00039). Further validation expression level of IGFBP2 indicated that this gene was significantly upregulated in DCM animal models and patients, and correlation analysis validation showed a significant negative correlation between IGFBP2 and LVEF (R = -0.87; P = 6*10-5). Single-cell analysis revealed that this gene was mainly expressed in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, IGFBP2 is an important biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction in DCM. Future clinical applications could possibly use it as a possible therapeutic target.

Associations of starchy and non-starchy vegetables with risk of metabolic syndrome: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018.

BACKGROUND: Higher dietary quality, including increased vegetable consumption, was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, specific vegetable consumption in the development of MetS remains obscure. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between starchy and non-starchy vegetables and MetS. METHODS: Secondary data analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2018). MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) and dietary consumption was assessed by trained staff using two 24-h diet recall methods. Weighted logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were performed to further investigate specific vegetable subtypes and MetS. RESULTS: This research enrolled 24,646 individuals (11,725 females and 12,921 males), with an average age of 45.84 ± 0.23 years. Approximately 15,828(64.22%) participants were defined to be with non-MetS and 8818(35.78%) were with MetS. Both total starchy vegetables and potatoes were associated with increased MetS risk, with the corresponding OR per standard deviation (SD) (95%CI, p-trend) being 1.06(1.02-1.11, p-trend = 0.028) and 1.08(1.04-1.13, p-trend = 0.011), respectively. However, an inverse correlation was found between dark-green vegetables and MetS, and the OR per SD (95%CI, p-trend) was 0.93(0.90-0.97, p-trend = 0.010). Subgroup analyses showed that the positive associations of starchy vegetables and potatoes on MetS risk were stronger in non-Hispanic White participants (p for interaction < 0.050). CONCLUSION: Total starchy vegetables and white potatoes were both associated with an increased risk of MetS, while consumption of dark-green vegetables was negatively associated with MetS risk. These findings might provide a promising and healthy dietary strategy for preventing MetS.

Potential value of red blood cell distribution width in predicting in-hospital mortality in intensive care US population with acute pancreatitis: a propensity score matching analysis.

The association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is inconclusive. We extracted the baseline data, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and in-hospital prognosis of intensive care patients with AP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Performing binary logistic regression analysis to determine whether RDW is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. By drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and comparing the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) to determine the predictive value of RDW for in-hospital mortality, and by conducting survival analysis to evaluate the impact of RDW on survival time in hospital. Before and after the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, RDW was always a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with AP. The AUC of RDW was comparable to BISAP, while the AUCs of combining RDW and BISAP or SOFA were greater than that of BISAP or SOFA alone. The median survival time of the high-RDW group (RDW > 15.37%, before PSM; RDW > 15.35%, after PSM) was shorter than that of the low-RDW group. Compared with the low-RDW group, the hazard ratios of the high-RDW group were 3.0708 (before PSM) and 1.4197 (after PSM). RDW is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with AP. The predictive value of RDW for in-hospital mortality of patients with AP is comparable to BISAP, and the combination of RDW and BISAP or SOFA scoring system can improve the predictive performance to a certain extent.

Role of platelet to albumin ratio for predicting persistent acute kidney injury in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of platelet to albumin ratio (PAR) and in persistent acute kidney injury (pAKI) of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We involved pAKI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the optimal cut-off PAR. RESULTS: A total of 7,646 patients were finally included in the present study. The optimal cut-off value of PAR was 7.2. The high-PAR group was associated with pAKI (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.25, 95% CI: 2.85-3.72, P < 0.001). We also performed this in the validation cohort, the results further confirmed that the high-PAR group was associated with pAKI (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.86-2.71, P < 0.001). The PAR exhibited good pAKI predictive abilities in the original cohort (C-index: 0.726, 95%CI: 0.714-0.739) and in the validation cohort (C-index: 0.744, 95%CI:0.722-0.766) Moreover, as a systemic inflammatory indicator, PAR depicted better predictive ability compared to other systemic inflammatory indicators. CONCLUSION: The present study manifested that elevated PAR could predicts pAKI in patients admitted to ICU. PAR may be an easily obtained and useful biomarker to clinicians for the early identification of pAKI.

Urine output for predicting in-hospital mortality of intensive care patients with cardiogenic shock.

Background: The role of urine output (UO) in the first 24 h of admission in the clinical management of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients has not been elucidated. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed intensive care CS patients in the MIMIC-IV database. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate whether UO was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in CS patients. The performance of UO in predicting mortality was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and compared with the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS). The clinical net benefit of UO in predicting mortality was determined using the decision curve analysis (DCA). Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors including diuretic use and acute kidney injury (AKI), UO remained an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in CS patients. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of UO for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.712 (UO, ml/day) and 0.701 (UO, ml/kg/h), which were comparable to OASIS (AUC = 0.695). In terms of clinical net benefit, UO was comparable to OASIS, with different degrees of benefit at different threshold probabilities. Survival analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital death in the low-UO (≤857 ml/day) group was 3.0143 times that of the high-UO (>857 ml/day) group. Conclusions: UO in the first 24 h of admission is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in intensive care CS patients and has moderate predictive value in predicting in-hospital mortality.

Association of dynamic change of triglyceride-glucose index during hospital stay with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study from MIMIC IV2.0.

BACKGROUND: Biomarker of insulin resistance, namely triglyceride-glucose index, is potentially useful in identifying critically ill patients at high risk of hospital death. However, the TyG index might have variations over time during ICU stay. Hence, the purpose of the current research was to verify the associations between the dynamic change of the TyG index during the hospital stay and all-cause mortality. METHODS: The present retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.0 (MIMIC-IV) critical care dataset, which included data from 8835 patients with 13,674 TyG measurements. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital all-cause mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, length of stay in the hospital. Cumulative curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce any potential baseline bias. Restricted cubic spline analysis was also employed to assess any potential non-linear associations. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the association between the dynamic change of TyG index and mortality. RESULTS: The follow-up period identified a total of 3010 all-cause deaths (35.87%), of which 2477 (29.52%) occurred within the first year. The cumulative incidence of all-cause death increased with a higher quartile of the TyGVR, while there were no differences in the TyG index. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nearly linear association between TyGVR and the risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality (P for non-linear = 0.449, P for overall = 0.004) as well as 1-year all-cause mortality (P for non-linear = 0.909, P for overall = 0.019). The area under the curve of all-cause mortality by various conventional severity of illness scores significantly improved with the addition of the TyG index and TyGVR. The results were basically consistent in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic change of TyG during hospital stay is associated with in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality, and may be superior to the effect of baseline TyG index.

Association of mortality with fludrocortisone addition to hydrocortisone treatment among septic shock patients: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Several clinical trials of corticosteroids have been carried out in the treatment of septic shock, however, the therapeutic effect of the most widely used hydrocortisone is still controversial, and no studies have directly compared hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for patients with septic shock. Methods: Baseline characteristics and treatment regimens of patients with septic shock treated with hydrocortisone from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database were collected. Patients were divided into hydrocortisone treatment groups and hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone treatment groups. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Binomial Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for mortality. Survival analysis was performed and Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn for patients in different treatment groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce bias. Results: Six hundred and fifty three patients were enrolled, of which 583 were treated with hydrocortisone alone, and 70 with hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone. After PSM, 70 patients were included in each group. The proportion of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and the proportion of renal replacement therapy (RRT) treatment in the hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone group were higher than those in the hydrocortisone alone group, and there was no significant difference in other baseline characteristics. Compared with hydrocortisone alone, hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone did not reduce the 90-day mortality (after PSM, relative risk/RR = 1.07, 95%CI 0.75-1.51), 28-day mortality (after PSM, RR = 0.82, 95%CI 0.59-1.14) and in-hospital mortality (after PSM, RR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.57-1.11) of the enrolled patients, nor did it affect the length of hospital stay (after PSM, 13.9 days vs. 10.9 days, p = 0.34) and ICU stay (after PSM, 6.0 days vs. 3.7 days, p = 0.14), and the survival analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the corresponding survival time. After PSM, binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that SAPS II score was an independent risk factor for 28-day morality (OR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06, p < 0.01) and in-hospital morality (OR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.06, p < 0.01), while hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone was not an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.43-1.79, p = 0.72), 28-day morality (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 0.77-2.91, p = 0.24), or in-hospital morality (OR = 1.58, 95%CI 0.81-3.09, p = 0.18). Conclusion: In the treatment of patients with septic shock, hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone did not reduce 90-day mortality, 28-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality compared with hydrocortisone alone, and had no effect on the length of hospital stay and ICU stay.

Association between short-term systemic use of glucocorticoids and prognosis of cardiogenic shock: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prescription rate of short-term systemic use of glucocorticoids during hospitalization in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), and outcomes related with glucocorticoid use. METHODS: We extracted patients' information from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.0 (MIMIC-IV v2.0) database. The primary endpoint was 90-day all-cause mortality. Secondary safety endpoints were infection identified by bacterial culture and at least one episode of hyperglycemia after ICU admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. The difference in cumulative mortality rate between these treated with and without glucocorticoids was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank test. Independent risk factors for endpoints were identified by Cox or Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1528 patients were enrolled, and one-sixth of these patients received short-term systemic therapy of glucocorticoids during hospitalization. These conditions, including rapid heart rate, the presence of rheumatic disease, chronic pulmonary disease and septic shock, high lactate level, the requirements of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy, were associated with an increase in glucocorticoid administration (all P ≤ 0.024). During a follow-up of 90 days, the cumulative mortality rate in patients treated with glucocorticoids was significantly higher than that in these untreated with glucocorticoids (log-rank test, P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that glucocorticoid use (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.81; P < 0.001) was independently associated with an increased risk for 90-day all-cause mortality. This result was consistent irrespective of age, gender, the presence of myocardial infarction, acute decompensated heart failure and septic shock, and inotrope therapy, but was more evident in low-risk patients as assessed by ICU scoring systems. Additionally, multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that glucocorticoid exposure was an independent predictor of hyperglycemia (odds ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.48-3.10; P < 0.001), but not infection (odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI 0.88-1.73; P = 0.221). After PSM, glucocorticoid therapy was also significantly related with increased risks of 90-day mortality and hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world data showed that short-term systemic use of glucocorticoids was common in CS patients. Importantly, these prescriptions were associated with increased risks of adverse events.

Sacubitril-valsartan versus enalapril for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure in Chinese settings: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: The episode of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the main cause of hospitalization for heart failure (HF). Sacubitril-valsartan has been proven to be effective in reducing the risks of hospitalization for HF in ADHF. When to initiate sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF to make it the most cost-effective in China remains unclear. Methods: A lifetime Markov model with a 1-month cycle length was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early or late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan versus enalapril in ADHF. Early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan meant that it was initiated after stabilization from ADHF, and late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan meant that it was initiated after stabilization from HF, which includes no hospitalization for at least three consecutive months. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as the ratio of incremental cost to incremental effectiveness. The secondary outcomes were total costs and total effectiveness. Three times of per capita GDP of China in 2021 was set as the willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were employed to test the robustness of the results. Results: The early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment resulted in an ICER of 3,662.4 USD per quality-adjusted life year, lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold, and the late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment gained an ICER of 4,444.4 USD/QALY, still lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that our results were robust, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF was cost-effective under a 97.4% circumstance. Conclusion: Early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan after stabilization of ADHF is highly cost-effective compared with the use of enalapril; late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan after stabilization of HF is still cost-effective but not as cost-effective as early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF. For Chinese ADHF patients, the time to initiate sacubitril-valsartan should be when the patient is stabilized from ADHF rather than when stabilized from HF, from the perspective of economic evaluation.

Interaction of acute heart failure and acute kidney injury on in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with sepsis: A retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic impact of acute heart failure (AHF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) on in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective, observational analysis using data acquired from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). The effects of AKI and AHF on in-hospital mortality were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Additive interactions were analyzed using the relative extra risk attributable to interaction. RESULTS: A total of 33,184 patients were eventually included, comprising 20,626 patients in the training cohort collected from the MIMIC-IV database and 12,558 patients in the validation cohort extracted from the eICU-CRD database. After multivariate Cox analysis, the independent variables for in-hospital mortality included: AHF only (HR:1.20, 95% CI:1.02-1.41, P = 0.005), AKI only (HR:2.10, 95% CI:1.91-2.31, P < 0.001), and both AHF and AKI (HR:3.80, 95%CI:13.40-4.24, P < 0.001). The relative excess risk owing to interaction was 1.49 (95% CI:1.14-1.87), the attributable percentage due to interaction was 0.39 (95%CI:0.31-0.46), and the synergy index was 2.15 (95%CI:1.75-2.63), demonstrated AHF and AKI had a strong synergic impact on in-hospital mortality. And the findings in the validation cohort indicated identical conclusions to the training cohort. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated a synergistic relationship of AHF and AKI on in-hospital mortality in critically unwell patients with sepsis.

The Nexus between Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Intellectual Capital and Green Innovation towards Business Sustainability: An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Automobile Manufacturing Firms.

Manufacturing organizations have a pivotal role in reducing the adverse impact of global warming by adopting sustainable practices and producing environmentally-friendly products. Organizations are engaged in environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) and emphasize green intellectual capital (GIC), green innovative products and support for business sustainability (BUS). The current study aims to analyze the impact of organizational ECSR and GIC on green innovation (GIN) and BUS. The data for 237 participants from the manufacturing firms were analyzed via partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study results revealed that ECSR and GIC are crucial for GIN and BUS. The study's findings revealed that ECSR positively and significantly impacts green relational capital (GRC) and green structural capital (GSC). However, ECSR's positive impact on green human capital (GHC) was insignificant. Further, the results of the mediation analysis show that GIN serves as a full mediator between GIC's two components, GRC and GSC and a partial mediator between GHC and BUS. This study extends the environmental management literature and suggests measures for practitioners to enhance organizational capabilities in order to address environmental issues through innovative green initiatives.