ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Mandibular fractures vary significantly with respect to epidemiological and demographic parameters among populations. To date, no study has evaluated these aspects of mandibular fractures in Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India. To retrospectively analyze the incidence, age and sex distributions, etiology, anatomic distribution, occlusal status, treatment modality provided, and their correlation in patients who suffered isolated mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of maxillofacial injury patients who reported to the Department of Dentistry, SHKM Government Medical College from January 2013 to December 2019, were retrieved from our database, and necessary information was collected. The data collected were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS ver. 21. RESULTS: Totals of 146 patients and 211 fractures were analyzed. There were 127 males and 19 females with an age range of 3-70 years (mean age, 26 years). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of fracture (64.4%), followed by fall (19.9%), assault (15.1%), and sports injury (0.7%). Of all patients, 42.5% had bilateral fractures, 31.5% had left side fracture, 21.2% had right side fracture, 3.4% sustained midline symphyseal fracture, and 1.4% had symphyseal fracture along one side of the mandible. Site distribution was as follows: parasymphysis (34.6%), angle (23.7%), condyle (20.4%), body (12.8%), symphysis (4.3%), ramus 2.4%, and dentoalveolar 1.9%. The most common facture combination was angle with parasymphysis (17.8%). Occlusion was disrupted in 69.2% patients. Closed reduction was the predominant treatment modality. CONCLUSION: The data obtained from retrospective analyses of maxillofacial trauma increase the understanding of variables and their outcomes among populations. The results of the present study are comparable to those of the literature in some aspects and different in others.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Efficacy of caudal bupivacaine plus ketamine on postoperative pain in children. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of caudal block with mixture of bupivacaine and ketamine to bupivacaine alone for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective randomized study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were collected; mean value and standard deviation were computed for age, weight, duration of surgery, and duration of analgesia. Then, the mean values of the two groups were compared using ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II pediatric patients of either sex, aged 1-10 years, undergoing herniotomy, orchidopexy, and urethroplasty were randomly allocated to receive one of the two analgesic regimens. Group A (30 patients) received caudal bupivacaine 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg, and Group B received caudal block with 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml/kg and preservative-free ketamine 0.5 mg/kg; duration of analgesia was recorded by objective pain scale to equate pain and discomfort in young children with changes in standardized behavioral and physiological parameters. RESULTS: Mean duration of analgesia in Group A was 5.63 ± 0.98 h while the mean duration of analgesia in Group B was 10.18 ± 2.24 h with P < 0.001. There were no differences between groups in the incidence of motor block and side effects. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results derived from this study, it is concluded that addition of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg to caudal bupivacaine 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg significantly prolonged the postoperative analgesia compared with administration of caudal bupivacaine 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg alone.
ABSTRACT
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in adults occurs as a result of trauma, malignancy, cuff-induced tracheal necrosis from prolonged mechanical ventilation, traumatic endotracheal intubation, foreign body ingestion, prolonged presence of rigid nasogastric tube, and surgical complication. Anesthetic management for repair of TEF is a challenge. Challenges include difficulties in oxygenation or ventilation resulting from placement of endotracheal tube in or above the fistula; large fistula defect causing loss of tidal volume with subsequent gastric dilatation, atelactasis, and maintenance of one lung ventilation. The most common cause of acquired nonmalignant TEF is postintubation fistula, which develops after prolonged intubation for ventilatory support. Acquired TEF, which occurs after prolonged intubation, usually develops after 12-200 days of mechanical ventilation, with a mean of 42 days. We present a rare case of TEF that developed after 7 days of intubation. It was a difficult case to be diagnosed as patient had a history of polytrauma, followed by emergency intubation and both these conditions can contribute to tracheobronchial injury.