Peganum harmala has been extensively employed in Algerian traditional medicine practices. This study aimed to explore the impact of n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract sourced from Peganum harmala seeds on cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis inhibition. Cytotoxic potential of n-BuOH extract was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, cell migration was determined using scratch assay, and anti-angiogenic effect was evaluated through macroscopic and histological examinations conducted on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Additionally, this research estimated the phytochemical profile of n-BuOH extract. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography UPLC-ESI-MS-MS analysis. In addition, the n-BuOH extract of P. harmala exhibited potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The n-BuOH extract showed potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell with an IC50 value of 8.68 ± 1.58 µg/mL. Furthermore, n-BuOH extract significantly reduced migration. A strong anti-angiogenic activity was observed in the groups treated with n-BuOH extract in comparison to the negative control. Histological analysis confirmed the anti-angiogenic effect of the n-BuOH extract. This activity is probably a result of the synergistic effects produced by different polyphenolic classes.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Cell Movement , Peganum , Phenols , Plant Extracts , Humans , Cell Movement/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Peganum/chemistry , Chick Embryo , Phenols/pharmacology , Phenols/analysis , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , MCF-7 Cells , Animals , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects , Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
