ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic Chagas Disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), a life-threatening inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy, affects 30% of the approximately 8 million patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the rest of the infected subjects remaining asymptomatic (ASY). The Th1 T cell-rich myocarditis plays a pivotal role in CCC pathogenesis. Local expression of IL-18 in CCC myocardial tissue has recently been described. IL-18 could potentially amplify the process by inducing increased expression of IFN-γ which in turn can increase the production of IL-18, thereby creating a positive feedback mechanism. In order to assess the contribution of the IL-18 to susceptibility to Chronic Chagas Disease, we investigated the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the IL-18 gene with the risk of developing Chagas cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the rs2043055 marker in the IL18 gene in a cohort of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy patients (n=849) and asymptomatic subjects (n=202). We found a significant difference in genotype frequencies among moderate and severe CCC patients with ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the IL18 rs2043055 polymorphism- or a SNP in tight linkage disequilibrium with it- may contribute to modulating the Chagas cardiomyopathy outcome.
Subject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Interleukin-18/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Humans , Male , Stroke VolumeABSTRACT
Background: Chronic Chagas Disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), a life-threatening inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy,affects 30% of the approximately 8 million patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the restof the infected subjects remaining asymptomatic (ASY). The Th1 T cell-rich myocarditis plays a pivotalrole in CCC pathogenesis. Local expression of IL-18 in CCC myocardial tissue has recently been described.IL-18 could potentially amplify the process by inducing increased expression of IFN-c which in turn canincrease the production of IL-18, thereby creating a positive feedback mechanism. In order to assess thecontribution of the IL-18 to susceptibility to Chronic Chagas Disease, we investigated the associationbetween a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the IL-18 gene with the risk of developingChagas cardiomyopathy.Methods and results: We analyzed the rs2043055 marker in the IL18 gene in a cohort of Chagas diseasecardiomyopathy patients (n = 849) and asymptomatic subjects (n = 202). We found a significant differencein genotype frequencies among moderate and severe CCC patients with ventricular dysfunction.Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the IL18 rs2043055 polymorphism- or a SNP in tight linkagedisequilibrium with it- may contribute to modulating the Chagas cardiomyopathy outcome.
Subject(s)
Ventricular Dysfunction , Chagas Disease , MyocarditisABSTRACT
O emprego de soluções dinamizadas em altas diluições é amplo e se estende a todos os seres vivos, inclusive aos vegetais, atuando efetivamente nos metabolismos primário e secundário. Este estudo piloto tem como objetivo verificar a ação do Natrum muriaticum 6 cH e 30 cH comparando-as à ação da solução de NaCl 5.0% quando administradas separadamente em populações de Phaseolus vulgaris L. (feijão). A avaliação foi realizada através da determinação da taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) de populações de feijão tratadas por 6 semanas e subdivididas em 4 grupos (com 5 vasos cada): P1, grupo controle, foi tratado somente com solução de álcool 30%; P2, tratado com solução aquosa de NaCl a 5,0%; P3, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 6 cH; e P4, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 30 cH. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o aumento da salinidade no solo causa inibição no desenvolvimento da população de feijão (P2) e que a utilização da solução de Natrum muriaticum promoveu o aumento significativo do crescimento vegetal, sobretudo com relação à diluição 6 cH (P3), que causou significante aumento na TCR da população de feijão, evidenciando a eficiência deste método em vegetais.(AU)
The use of highly diluted and agitated solutions is widespread. Its use extends to all living beings including plants, acting effectively in the latters primary and secondary metabolism. This is a pilot study designed to assess the action of Natrum muriaticum in dilutions 6 cH and 30 cH in comparison to the action of 5.0% NaCl solution administered separately to a population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Tt was determined the relative growth rate (RGR) of the bean population treated for 6 weeks and subdivided into 4 groups (5 vases each): P1 (control) treated with 30% alcohol solution only; P2, treated with aqueous 5.0% NaCl solution; P3, treated with Nat-m 6 cH; P4, treated with Nat-m 30 cH. It was seen an increase in the salinity of the soil that caused the inhibition of the development of the bean population P2. In addition, the use of Nat-m promoted a significant increase in vegetable growth, chiefly in dilution 6 cH (P3), causing a significant increase in the RGR of the bean population. Therefore, high dilutions of Nat-m showed to be efficient to stimulate the growth of common bean.(AU)
Subject(s)
Dynamization , High Potencies , Natrium Muriaticum , Phaseolus nanus , PhaseolusABSTRACT
The use of highly diluted and agitated solutions is widespread. Its use extends to all living beings including plants, acting effectively in the latter's primary and secondary metabolism. Aims: this is a pilot study designed to assess the action of Natrum muriaticum in dilutions 6 CH and 30 CH in comparison to the action of 5.0% NaCl solution administered separately to a population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Materials and methods: it was determined the relative growth rate (RGR) of the bean population treated for 6 weeks and subdivided into 4 groups (5 vases each): P1 (control) treated with 30% alcohol solution only; P2, treated with aqueous 5.0% NaCl solution; P3, treated with Nat-m 6 CH; P4, treated with Nat-m 30 CH. Results: it was seen an increase in the salinity of the soil that caused the inhibition of the development of the bean population P2. In addition, the use of Nat-m promoted a significant increase in vegetable growth, chiefly in dilution 6 CH (P3), causing a significant increase in the RGR of the bean population. Conclusion: high dilutions of Nat-m showed to be efficient to stimulate the growth of common bean.(AU)
O emprego de soluções dinamizadas em altas diluições é amplo e se estende a todos os seres vivos, inclusive aos vegetais, atuando efetivamente nos metabolismos primário e secundário. Este estudo piloto tem como objetivo verificar a ação do Natrum muriaticum 6 CH e 30 CH comparando-as à ação da solução de NaCl 5.0% quando administradas separadamente em populações de Phaseolus vulgaris (feijão). A avaliação foi realizada através da determinação da Taxa de Crescimento Relativo de populações de feijão tratadas por seis semanas e subdivididas em 4 grupos (com 5 vasos cada): P1, grupo controle, foi tratado somente com solução de álcool 30%; P2, tratado com solução aquosa de NaCl a 5,0%; P3, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 6 CH; e P4, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 30 CH. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o aumento da salinidade no solo causa inibição no desenvolvimento da população de feijão (P2) e que a utilização da solução de Natrum muriaticum promoveu o aumento significativo do crescimento vegetal, sobretudo com relação à potência 6 CH (P3), que causou significante aumento na TCR da população de feijão, evidenciando a eficiência deste método em vegetais.(AU)
El uso de soluciones dinamizadas es amplio y se extiende a todos los seres vivos, incluidas las plantas, actuando de manera efectiva en el metabolismo primario y secundario. Este estudio piloto tiene por objetivo verificar la acción de Natrum mur 6 cH y 30 cH comparándolos con la acción de NaCl al 5,0% cuando se administra por separado en las poblaciones de Phaseolus vulgaris (poroto). La evaluación se realizó mediante la determinación de la tasa de crecimiento relativa de las poblaciones de poroto tratados durante seis semanas y divididos en 4 grupos (con 5 recipientes cada una): P1, el grupo control, fue tratado únicamente con una solución de alcohol 30%, P2, tratados con una solución acuosa de NaCl 5,0%, P3, tratados con Natrum mur 6 cH, y P4, tratado con Natrum mur 30 cH. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento de la salinidad en el suelo pueden inhibir el desarrollo de la población de porotos (P2), y que el uso de la solución de Natrum mur promovió un aumento significativo en el crecimiento de las plantas, particularmente en relación a la potencia 6 cH (P3), lo que provocó un aumento significativo en TCR de la población de porotos, que muestran la eficacia de este método en las plantas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Natrium Muriaticum , Phaseolus nanus , Growth and Development , High PotenciesABSTRACT
O emprego de soluções dinamizadas em altas diluições é amplo e se estende a todos os seres vivos, inclusive aos vegetais, atuando efetivamente nos metabolismos primário e secundário. Este estudo piloto tem como objetivo verificar a ação do Natrum muriaticum 6 cH e 30 cH comparando-as à ação da solução de NaCl 5.0% quando administradas separadamente em populações de Phaseolus vulgaris L. (feijão). A avaliação foi realizada através da determinação da taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) de populações de feijão tratadas por 6 semanas e subdivididas em 4 grupos (com 5 vasos cada): P1, grupo controle, foi tratado somente com solução de álcool 30%; P2, tratado com solução aquosa de NaCl a 5,0%; P3, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 6 cH; e P4, tratado com Natrum muriaticum 30 cH. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o aumento da salinidade no solo causa inibição no desenvolvimento da população de feijão (P2) e que a utilização da solução de Natrum muriaticum promoveu o aumento significativo do crescimento vegetal, sobretudo com relação à diluição 6 cH (P3), que causou significante aumento na TCR da população de feijão, evidenciando a eficiência deste método em vegetais.
The use of highly diluted and agitated solutions is widespread. Its use extends to all living beings including plants, acting effectively in the latters primary and secondary metabolism. This is a pilot study designed to assess the action of Natrum muriaticum in dilutions 6 cH and 30 cH in comparison to the action of 5.0% NaCl solution administered separately to a population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Tt was determined the relative growth rate (RGR) of the bean population treated for 6 weeks and subdivided into 4 groups (5 vases each): P1 (control) treated with 30% alcohol solution only; P2, treated with aqueous 5.0% NaCl solution; P3, treated with Nat-m 6 cH; P4, treated with Nat-m 30 cH. It was seen an increase in the salinity of the soil that caused the inhibition of the development of the bean population P2. In addition, the use of Nat-m promoted a significant increase in vegetable growth, chiefly in dilution 6 cH (P3), causing a significant increase in the RGR of the bean population. Therefore, high dilutions of Nat-m showed to be efficient to stimulate the growth of common bean.
Subject(s)
Dynamization , High Potencies , Natrium Muriaticum , Phaseolus , Phaseolus nanusABSTRACT
The use of highly diluted and agitated solutions is widespread. Its use extends to all living beings including plants, acting effectively in the latter's primary and secondary metabolism. Aims: this is a pilot study designed to assess the action of Natrum muriaticum in dilutions 6 CH and 30 CH in comparison to the action of 5.0% NaCl solution administered separately to a population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Materials and methods: it was determined the relative growth rate (RGR) of the bean population treated for 6 weeks and subdivided into 4 groups (5 vases each): P1 (control) treated with 30% alcohol solution only; P2, treated with aqueous 5.0% NaCl solution; P3, treated with Nat-m 6 CH; P4, treated with Nat-m 30 CH. Results: it was seen an increase in the salinity of the soil that caused the inhibition of the development of the bean population P2. In addition, the use of Nat-m promoted a significant increase in vegetable growth, chiefly in dilution 6 CH (P3), causing a significant increase in the RGR of the bean population. Conclusion: high dilutions of Nat-m showed to be efficient to stimulate the growth of common bean.