Factors associated with chronotype, job burnout, and perceived stress among nurses in Chinese tertiary hospitals: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Shift work is a recognized work pattern for nurses worldwide. The disruption of shift workers' biological clocks usually leads to sleep disorders and affects their awareness at work. Eveningness and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chronotype, job burnout and perceived stress among Chinese tertiary hospital nurses, and understand the predictors of circadian rhythm in this group. Between July and September 2020, 23 hospitals were randomly selected from 113 tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province. Twenty-five percent of the nurses working in each hospital were targeted for selection. 28.1% and 17.6% of nurses reported eveningness type and morningness type, respectively. The scores for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and perceived stress of eveningness nurses were higher than those of morningness counterparts. Eveningness nurses also reported a lower sense of personal accomplishment. Risk factors of eveningness included being under 30 years old, never exercising, having the stressors of late-night shifts and career development, higher levels of emotional exhaustion, sleep latency, sleep duration, and hypnotic use. Shifts may be unavoidable for nurses, nevertheless, understanding the predictors and related factors of chronotype for nurses is necessary for nursing educators and managers to develop a reasonable shift system and appropriate measures to assist nurses in adjusting their work.

Single-cell combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore the molecular mechanism of cell communication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, chronic, and progressive lung disease that severely impacts human health and survival. However, the intricate molecular underpinnings of IPF remains elusive. This study aims to delve into the nuanced molecular interplay of cellular interactions in IPF, thereby laying the groundwork for innovative therapeutic approaches in the clinical field of IPF. Sophisticated bioinformatics methods were employed to identify crucial biomarkers essential for the progression of IPF. The GSE122960 single-cell dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) compendium, and intercellular communication potentialities were scrutinized via CellChat. The random survival forest paradigm was established using the GSE70866 dataset. Quintessential genes were selected through Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, while immune infiltration examinations, functional enrichment critiques and nomogram paradigms were inaugurated. Analysis of intercellular communication revealed an intimate potential connections between macrophages and various cell types, pinpointing five cardinal genes influencing the trajectory and prognosis of IPF. The nomogram paradigm, sculpted from these seminal genes, exhibits superior predictive prowess. Our research meticulously identified five critical genes, confirming their intimate association with the prognosis, immune infiltration and transcriptional governance of IPF. Interestingly, we discerned these genes' engagement with the EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION signalling pathway, which may enhance our understanding of the molecular complexity of IPF.

Epoxidized Soybean Oleic Acid/Oligomeric Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Its Role as a Filler in Poly(L-lactide) for Potential Bone Fixation Application.

One of the most effective strategies for modifying the surface properties of nano-fillers and enhancing their composite characteristics is through polymer grafting. In this study, a coprecipitation method was employed to modify hydroxyapatite (HAP) with epoxidized soybean oleic acid (ESOA), resulting in ESOA-HAP. Subsequently, oligomeric poly(lactic acid) (OPLA) was grafted onto the surface of ESOA-HAP, yielding OPLA-ESOA-HAP. HAP, ESOA-HAP, and OPLA-ESOA-HAP were comprehensively characterized. The results demonstrate the progressive grafting of ESOA and OPLA onto the surface of HAP, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity and improved dispersity in organic solvent for OPLA-ESOA-HAP compared to HAP. The vitality and adhesion of Wistar rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were assessed using HAP and modified HAP materials. Following culture with MSCs for 72 h, the OPLA-ESOA-HAP showed an inhibition rate lower than 23.0% at a relatively high concentration (1.0 mg/mL), which is three times lower compared to HAP under similar condition. The cell number for OPLA-ESOA-HAP was 4.5 times higher compared to HAP, indicating its superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA composite almost remained unaltered ever after undergoing two stages of thermal processing involving melt extrusion and inject molding. The increase in the biocompatibility and relatively high mechanical properties render OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA a potential material for the biodegradable fixation system.

Carbon nanotube fibers with dynamic strength up to 14 GPa.

High dynamic strength is of fundamental importance for fibrous materials that are used in high-strain rate environments. Carbon nanotube fibers are one of the most promising candidates. Using a strategy to optimize hierarchical structures, we fabricated carbon nanotube fibers with a dynamic strength of 14 gigapascals (GPa) and excellent energy absorption. The dynamic performance of the fibers is attributed to the simultaneous breakage of individual nanotubes and delocalization of impact energy that occurs during the high-strain rate loading process; these behaviors are due to improvements in interfacial interactions, nanotube alignment, and densification therein. This work presents an effective strategy to utilize the strength of individual carbon nanotubes at the macroscale and provides fresh mechanism insights.

ROS-scavenging lipid-based liquid crystalline as a favorable stem cell extracellular vesicles delivery vector to promote wound healing.

Wound management is a critical clinical challenge due to the dynamic and complex pathological characteristics of inflammation, proliferation, and matrix remodeling. To address this challenge, the regulation and management of this multi-stage pathological microenvironment may provide a feasible approach to wound healing. In this work, we synthesized a new lipid material (DA) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect to prepare DA-based liquid crystalline (DALC). Then, DALC was incorporated with adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (AMSC-EVs) to fabricate a novel scaffold dressing (EVs@DALC) for the treatment of the wound. DALC not only endowed EVs@DALC with ROS scavenging sites for relieving the oxidative stress and inflammation in the microenvironment of the wound site, but also facilitated cellular uptake and transfection of microRNA and growth factors contained in AMSC-EVs. Benefiting from DALC, AMSC-EVs effectively transferred microRNA and growth factors into the skin cells to induce cell proliferation and migration and accelerate angiogenesis. The results of wound healing effect in vivo indicate EVs@DALC achieved multi-stage pathological modulation for accelerating wound healing through alleviating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation and migration, and angiogenesis. Taken together, this work provides an effective strategy based on antioxidant lipid liquid crystalline delivering extracellular vesicles in treating skin wounds and paves a way for stem cell extracellular vesicles clinical translation.

Effective enrichment and separation of three flavonoids from Ohwia caudata (Thunberg) H. Ohashi using magnetic layered double hydroxide/ZIF-8 composites and pCEC.

In this study, Fe3O4@ZnCr-layered double hydroxide/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (MLDH/ZIF-8) magnetically functionalized composites were synthesized by co-precipitation and in situ growth based on the advantages of LDHs and ZIF-8 using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a magnetic substrate to obtain adsorbents with excellent performance. Moreover, the composite was used for the efficient enrichment of flavonoids in Chinese herbal medicines. The internal structures and surface properties were characterized by SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and so on. MLDH/ZIF-8 exhibited a large specific surface area and good paramagnetic properties. The MLDH/ZIF-8 magnetic composite was used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent, and a MLDH/ZIF-8 MSPE-pressurized capillary electrochromatography coupling method was developed for the separation and detection of flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol and apigenin) in a sample of the Chinese herb Ohwia caudata (Thunberg) H. Ohashi. The relevant parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized to determine the ideal conditions for MSPE. 5 mg of adsorbent in sample solution at pH 6, vortex extraction for 5 min, elution with 1.5 mL of ethyl acetate for 15 min. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 3-50 µg mL-1 with correlation coefficients of 0.9934-0.9981, and displayed a relatively LODs of 0.07-0.09 µg mL-1. The spiked recoveries of all analytes ranged from 84.5% to 122.0% with RSDs (n=3) between 4.5% and 7.7%. This method is straightforward and efficient, with promising potential in the separation and analysis of active ingredients in various Chinese herbal medicines.

Influence of malnutrition according to the glim criteria on the chemotherapy toxicities in patients with advanced lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated malnutrition is highly prevalent in advanced lung cancer, and 50% of global cancer-related deaths are attributed to cancer-associated malnutrition. Platinum-containing chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced lung cancer. Unfortunately, it can cause exacerbated toxicities, which can also have a negative impact on patient's prognosis and quality of life. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have been proposed as the world's first accepted diagnostic criteria for malnutrition. However, the effectiveness of GLIM criteria in predicting chemotherapy toxicities in patients with advanced lung cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to apply the GLIM criteria to assess the prevalence of pre-treatment diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to determine the impact of nutritional status on patient's chemotherapy toxicity. METHODS: We conducted a study of hospitalized patients with pathologically and clinically diagnosed advanced NSCLC who presented to our hospital from May 2021 to January 2022. Initially, the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) was used for nutritional risk screening, and nutritional status was assessed using the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and GLIM criteria. Chemotherapy toxicity was assessed and graded according to CTCAE5.0, and chemotherapy efficacy was assessed according to RECIST1.1. Kappa test was used to analyze the agreement between PG-SGA and GLIM criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between malnutrition and chemotherapy toxicity. RESULTS: A total of 215 patients with advanced NSCLC were evaluated for nutritional status. Most of the patients had normal BMI (61.86%) before the start of treatment, 40% were well-nourished as assessed by the PG-SGA tool, and 51.17% were well-nourished as assessed by GLIM criteria. Consistency analysis showed moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.463, P < 0.001) and their correlation was also moderate (Spearman, rs = 0.475, P < 0.001). The objective response rate (ORR) (P = 0.040) and disease control rate (DCR) (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in malnourished patients diagnosed according to GLIM criteria than in well-nourished patients. Multivariate analysis showed that malnutrition (OR = 1.531,95%CI 0.757-3.009; OR = 6.623,95%CI 1.390-31.567, P = 0.046) diagnosed by GLIM criteria was an independent predictor of chemotherapy toxicity. Conclusions Malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM criteria better predicts toxicity during chemotherapy, determines the degree of clinical benefit of chemotherapy, and may affect patient prognosis.

Umbilical Cord Blood and UC-MSCs Combined with Low-Dose Immunosuppressant in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Pure Red Cell Aplastic: A Case Series.

INTRODUCTION: At present, cyclosporine (CsA) is the first-line treatment for Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA), but CsA administration can be associated with a number of side effects due to its high toxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients who cannot be treated with conventional doses of CsA, especially those with multiple complications. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for PRCA is a promising treatment, but reports of using umbilical cord blood (UCB) are very rare. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, UCB and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) combined with low-dose CsA (1-3mg/kg/d) were used to treat 3 elderly patients who were diagnosed with PRCA combined with multiple complications in heart, lung, and renal. The treatments were successful without complications, and 12 months after stem cell infusion, the blood tests of the patients came normal. Moreover, the function of the liver, heart, and kidney continued to be stable. CONCLUSION: This report provides an effective regimen of using UCB and UC-MSCs combined with low-dose CsA (1-3 mg/kg/d) to treat PRCA, especially for elderly patients with multiple complications who cannot use the conventional dosage.

The effect of instant tea on the aroma of duck meat.

Tea products, such as instant tea, have been shown to improve the aroma of meat products. However, the mechanisms by which tea products enhance meat aroma have not been adequately explained. In this study, we analyzed the impact of instant tea on the aroma of duck meat. Our results showed that treatment with instant tea led to increases in floral, baked, and grassy notes while reducing fishy and fatty notes. Several alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, indole and dihydroactinidiolide exhibited significantly increased OAVs. Conversely, certain saturated aldehydes, unsaturated aldehydes and alcohols displayed significantly decreased OAVs. The enhanced floral, baked and grassy notes were attributed to volatile compounds present in instant tea. The reduction in fishy and fatty notes was linked to polyphenols in instant tea interacting with nonanal, undecanal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-decenal, and 2,4-decadienal through hydrophobic interactions and electronic effects. This study enhances our understanding of how tea products improve meat aromas.

New strategies to study in depth the metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma.

Astaxanthin, a ketone carotenoid known for its high antioxidant activity, holds significant potential for application in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetics. The increasing market demand necessitates a higher production of astaxanthin using Phaffia rhodozyma. Despite extensive research efforts focused on optimizing fermentation conditions, employing mutagenesis treatments, and utilizing genetic engineering technologies to enhance astaxanthin yield in P. rhodozyma, progress in this area remains limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of rough metabolic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and preliminary strategies for enhancing astaxanthin yield. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate and essential metabolic regulation mechanism underlying astaxanthin synthesis. Specifically, the specific functions of key genes, such as crtYB, crtS, and crtI, need to be explored in detail. Additionally, a thorough understanding of the action mechanism of bifunctional enzymes and alternative splicing products is imperative. Lastly, the regulation of metabolic flux must be thoroughly investigated to reveal the complete pathway of astaxanthin synthesis. To obtain an in-depth mechanism and improve the yield of astaxanthin, this review proposes some frontier methods, including: omics, genome editing, protein structure-activity analysis, and synthetic biology. Moreover, it further elucidates the feasibility of new strategies using these advanced methods in various effectively combined ways to resolve these problems mentioned above. This review provides theory and method for studying the metabolic pathway of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma and the industrial improvement of astaxanthin, and provides new insights into the flexible combined use of multiple modern advanced biotechnologies.

Multi-omics integration highlights the role of ubiquitination in endometriosis fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of active endometrial-like tissues outside the uterus, causes symptoms like dysmenorrhea and infertility due to the fibrosis of endometrial cells, which involves excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Ubiquitination, an important post-transcriptional modification, regulates various biological processes in human diseases. However, its role in the fibrosis process in endometriosis remains unclear. METHODS: We employed multi-omics approaches on two cohorts of endometriosis patients with 39 samples. GO terms and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses were used to investigate the functional changes involved in endometriosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between global proteome and ubiquitylome in endometriosis. The protein expression levels of ubiquitin-, fibrosis-related proteins, and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 were validated via Western blot. Transfecting human endometrial stroma cells (hESCs) with TRIM33 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro to explore how TRIM33 affects fibrosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Integration of proteomics and transcriptomics showed genes with concurrent change of both mRNA and protein level which involved in ECM production in ectopic endometria. Ubiquitylomics distinguished 1647 and 1698 ubiquitinated lysine sites in the ectopic (EC) group compared to the normal (NC) and eutopic (EU) groups, respectively. Further multi-omics integration highlighted the essential role of ubiquitination in key fibrosis regulators in endometriosis. Correlation analysis between proteome and ubiquitylome showed correlation coefficients of 0.32 and 0.36 for ubiquitinated fibrosis proteins in EC/NC and EC/EU groups, respectively, indicating positive regulation of fibrosis-related protein expression by ubiquitination in ectopic lesions. We identified ubiquitination in 41 pivotal proteins within the fibrosis-related pathway of endometriosis. Finally, the elevated expression of TGFBR1/α-SMA/FAP/FN1/Collagen1 proteins in EC tissues were validated across independent samples. More importantly, we demonstrated that both the mRNA and protein levels of TRIM33 were reduced in endometriotic tissues. Knockdown of TRIM33 promoted TGFBR1/p-SMAD2/α-SMA/FN1 protein expressions in hESCs but did not significantly affect Collagen1/FAP levels, suggesting its inhibitory effect on fibrosis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: This study, employing multi-omics approaches, provides novel insights into endometriosis ubiquitination profiles and reveals aberrant expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM33 in endometriotic tissues, emphasizing their critical involvement in fibrosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Clinical value of nano-carbon lymphatic tracer for regional lymph node dissections of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: Regional lymph node (LN) volume decreases after neoadjuvant therapy, requiring a tracer for more accurate detection. Nano-carbon tracer is a third-generation tracer with several advantages, but its use for LN detection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for middle and low rectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and safety of anoscope-guided subrectal injections of nano-carbon suspension in this patient population. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 45 patients with middle and low rectal cancer admitted to our institution from March 2019 to March 2022. All patients received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and were divided into nano-carbon injection (n = 23; anoscope-guided injections of nano-carbon suspension in the rectal submucosa 2 cm above the dentate line 24 h preoperatively) and control (n = 22; directly underwent surgery) groups. The LN detection and complication rates were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The total and mean numbers of LNs and small LNs and the number of patients with > 12 LNs were significantly higher in the nano-carbon injection group than in the control group. The total number of positive LNs and LN metastasis did not differ between the groups, nor did the anastomotic leakage, bleeding, stenosis, and abscess occurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS: Anoscope-guided nano-carbon lymphatic tracing increased the LN detection rate, caused less trauma, and resulted in fewer postoperative complications than the direct surgical procedure. Thus, it is an effective, safe, and practical method that may improve dissections and the postoperative pathological staging accuracy.

Corrigendum to "Optimization of a tannase-assisted process for obtaining teas rich in theaflavins from Camellia sinensis leaves" [Food Chemistry: X 13 (2022) 100203].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100203.].

Analysis of the thickness characteristics of the left atrial posterior wall and its correlation with the low and no voltage areas of the left atrial posterior wall in patients with atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the thickness of the left atrial posterior wall and the low and no voltage zones in the left atrial posterior wall in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: 61 patients admitted to our cardiology department for AF and radiofrequency ablation of AF from January 1, 2020 to May 30, 2022 were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The atrial wall thickness was measured by CT scan. Baseline data, preoperative cardiac ultrasound data, preoperative biochemical parameters, low voltage zone (fibrotic zone) and no voltage zone (scar zone) in the left atrial posterior wall area, and various parameters of posterior left atrial wall thickness were collected. RESULTS: The differences of the thickness between the upper, middle and lower mean levels of the left atrial posterior wall were statistically significant (P = 0.004). The results showed that body mass index was weakly positively correlated with the mean level of total left atrial posterior wall thickness (r = 0.426, P = 0.001) and was statistically significant. The remaining indices were positively or negatively correlated with the mean level of total left atrial posterior wall thickness, but none were statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both left atrial posterior wall low-voltage zone and voltage-free zone were positively correlated with the mean total left atrial posterior wall thickness, and left atrial posterior wall low-voltage zone and voltage-free zone were significantly positively correlated. Body mass index was weakly positively correlated with total left atrial posterior wall thickness.

Radical Three-Component Nitro Spiro-Cyclization of Unsaturated Sulfonamides/Amides to Access NO2-Featured 4-Azaspiro[4.5]decanes.

Free radical three-component nitration/spirocyclization of unsaturated sulfonamides/amides with tert-butyl nitrite was developed for the construction of diverse NO2-revised 4-azaspiro[4.5]decanes. This tandem system featured metal-free participation, simple operation, good selectivity/yields, and a green/low-cost O source. Meanwhile, one nitro-containing complex molecule and a scaled-up operation were performed well to test the synthetic potential of the cascade reaction. Isotopic labeling, radical inhibition experiments, and DFT analysis were carried out to gain insight into the reaction process.

Repeat Surgery after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Adolescent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Multicenter Observational Study.

OBJECTIVE: The reported date in the repeat surgical intervention for adolescent lumbar disc herniation (ALDH) after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) was quite scarce. This study aims to introduce cases of repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH and assess the incidence, chief causes, repeat surgery methods, and surgical outcomes of repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted on patients undergoing repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH at four tertiary referral hospitals from January 2014 through August 2022. The incidence of repeat surgeries, chief causes, strategies for repeat surgeries, and timing of repeat surgeries were recorded and analyzed. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Numeric Rating Scales (NRS) scores and the modified MacNab criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients who underwent repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH were included. The chief causes were re-herniation (homo-lateral re-herniation at the same level, new disc herniation of adjacent level). The repeat surgery methods were revision PELD, micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED), open discectomy and instrumented lumbar inter-body fusion. The NRS scores decreased significantly in follow-up evaluations and these scores demonstrated significant improvement at the last follow-up (p < 0.002). For the modified MacNab criteria, at the last follow-up, 18 patients (78.26%) had an excellent outcome, and the overall success rate was 86.95%. CONCLUSION: This study's data suggest that young patients who underwent repeat surgery improved significantly compared to baseline. The chief cause was re-herniation. Revision PELD was the main surgical procedure, which provides satisfactory clinical results in young patients who underwent repeat surgeries.

Altitude effect on Propofol Pharmacokinetics in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Propofol is an intravenous agent for clinical anesthesia. As the influence of the hypobaric- hypoxic environment (Qinghai-Tibetan region, altitude: 2800-4300 m, PaO2: 15.1-12.4 kPa) on the metabolism of Propofol is complex, the research results on the metabolic characteristics of Propofol in high- -altitude areas remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Propofol in a high-altitude hypoxic environment using animal experiments. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: high-altitude, medium-altitude, and plain groups. The time of disappearance and recovery of the rat righting reflex was recorded as the time of anesthesia induction and awakening, respectively. The plasma concentration of Propofol was determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. A pharmacokinetic analysis software was used to analyze the blood-drug concentrations and obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: We observed that when Propofol anesthetizes rats, the anesthesia induction time was shortened, and the recovery time was prolonged with increased altitude. Compared with the plain group, the clearance of Propofol decreased, whereas the half-life, area under the concentration-time curve, peak plasma concentration, and average residence time extension increased. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Propofol are significantly altered in high-altitude hypoxic environments.

Metal-free radical bicyclization/chloroalkylarylation of 1,6-enynes with chloroalkanes.

Free radical initiated bicyclization of 1,6-enynes with chloralkanes, is achieved via selective activation of the C(sp3)-H bond of the chloralkane, resulting in diverse polychlorinated/chlorinated polyheterocycles. Two kinds of transformations and a scaled-up experiment were performed to test the synthetic importance of the organic chlorides. Finally, a range of radical inhibition operations and radical clock tests were explored to support the reaction process.

Treatment of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction by Nasogastric Tube Under EnhancedRecovery After Surgery: An Efficacy Analysis.

Objective: To explore the application value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction (AIO) by nasogastric tube (NGT). Methods: Between December 2020 and December 2022, AIO patients who received NGT treatment at The Fourth Hospital of Changsha were selected, including 43 cases receiving ERAS nursing (observation group) and 35 cases receiving routine care (control group). The two groups were compared in terms of postoperative rehabilitation, as well as their psychology, pain, and quality of life which were evaluated using Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. During treatment, the adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In the observation group, the abdominal pain and distension relief time, time to first post-treatment flatus and defecation, abdominal circumference reduction 48 hours after admission, bowel sound recovery, first oral food intake, and extubation time were shorter than those of the control group (P < .05), and the SAS and SDS scores were also lower than those of the control group after treatment (P < .05). At 6-24 hours after treatment, the VAS of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, while the SF-36 score was higher (P < .05). Finally, a lower adverse reaction rate was determined in the observation group compared to the control group (P < .05). Conclusions: ERAS care promotes the recovery of AIO patients after NGT treatment, improves their pain and negative emotions, improves their quality of life, and is extremely valuable for clinical application.

Use of ultrasound to increase the catalytic activity of α-L-rhamnosidase.

α-L-rhamnosidase (Rha) is ubiquitous in nature and has high feasibility in the food and biotechnology industries. A green and environmentally friendly method was used to improve the activity of Rha. Here, we show that the effects of ultrasound treatment on the Rha. Ultrasonic treatment at 80 W for 10 min yielded the highest enzyme activity. Treatment increased enzyme activity by 26.3% and half-life by 124 min. Further, treatment increased the catalytic efficiency of Rha and increased the substrate conversion rate by 33.88%. These results demonstrate that ultrasound increases the catalytic activity and stability of Rha. Thus, ultrasonic treatment of Rha is cost-effective on the industrial scale.