Erratum: The Bethe-Slater curve revisited; new insights from electronic structure theory.

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Dietary fat modulation of hepatic lipase variant -514 C/T for lipids: a crossover randomized dietary intervention trial in Caribbean Hispanics.

The hepatic lipase (LIPC) locus is a well-established determinant of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, an association that is modified by dietary fat in observational studies. Dietary interventions are lacking. We investigated dietary modulation of LIPC rs1800588 (-514 C/T) for lipids and glucose using a randomized crossover design comparing a high-fat Western diet and a low-fat traditional Hispanic diet in individuals of Caribbean Hispanic descent (n = 42, 4 wk/phase). No significant gene-diet interactions were observed for HDL-C. However, differences in dietary response according to LIPC genotype were observed. In major allele carriers (CC/CT), HDL-C (mmol/l) was higher following the Western diet compared with the Hispanic diet: phase 1 (Western: 1.3 ± 0.03; Hispanic: 1.1 ± 0.04; P = 0.0004); phase 2 (Western: 1.4 ± 0.03; Hispanic: 1.2 ± 0.03; P = 0.0003). In contrast, HDL-C in TT individuals did not differ by diet. Only major allele carriers benefited from the higher-fat diet for HDL-C. Secondarily, we explored dietary fat quality and rs1800588 for HDL-C and triglycerides (TG) in a Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) subset matched for diabetes and obesity status (subset n = 384). In the BPRHS, saturated fat was unfavorably associated with HDL-C and TG in rs1800588 TT carriers. LIPC rs1800588 appears to modify plasma lipids in the context of dietary fat. This new evidence of genetic modulation of dietary responses may inform optimal and personalized dietary fat advice and reinforces the importance of studying genetic markers in diet and cardiometabolic health.

The Bethe-Slater curve revisited; new insights from electronic structure theory.

The Bethe-Slater (BS) curve describes the relation between the exchange coupling and interatomic distance. Based on a simple argument of orbital overlaps, it successfully predicts the transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism, when traversing the 3d series. In a previous article [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 217202 (2016)] we reported that the dominant nearestneighbour (NN) interaction for 3d metals in the bcc structure indeed follows the BS curve, but the trends through the series showed a richer underlying physics than was initially assumed. The orbital decomposition of the inter-site exchange couplings revealed that various orbitals contribute to the exchange interactions in a highly non-trivial and sometimes competitive way. In this communication we perform a deeper analysis by comparing 3d metals in the bcc and fcc structures. We find that there is no coupling between the E g orbitals of one atom and T 2g orbitals of its NNs, for both cubic phases. We demonstrate that these couplings are forbidden by symmetry and formulate a general rule allowing to predict when a similar situation is going to happen. In γ-Fe, as in α-Fe, we find a strong competition in the symmetry-resolved orbital contributions and analyse the differences between the high-spin and low-spin solutions.

Pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome.

Pulmonary amoebiasis without liver involvement occurs sporadically as a result of haematogenous spread from a primary site, the colon. The case history is presented of a patient who developed superior vena cava syndrome due to a pulmonary amoebic abscess without liver involvement. He was initially suspected of having a neoplasm but a combination of tests including histological examination of the H&E stained excised tissue, immunofluorescence using anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies, and serology confirmed the diagnosis of amoebiasis. To our knowledge this is the first description of pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome.

Effects of mannitol on the acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats.

Our purpose was to evaluate the pulmonary effects of mannitol infusion in a rat model of acute lung injury induced by oleic acid (OA) to compare the effects of mannitol to those of another diuretic, furosemide (FUR), and to assess if mannitol effects remained after correction of the volume depletion induced by this agent. Acute lung injury was induced in Wistar rats by intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg of OA. Mannitol (1 mL of a 20% solution) was infused either 15 min before or 2 h after OA infusion. FUR was infused intravenously in a dose (1 mg/kg) that induced a similar amount of diuresis compared to mannitol. We also studied rats that received NaCl 0.9% infusion to correct for volume losses induced by mannitol. The severity of the acute lung injury was evaluated by morphometric studies of the lungs 4 h after OA infusion. The amount of intraalveolar fluid accumulation and the intensity of alveolar distention and collapse were evaluated. Mannitol infusion either 15 min before or 2 h after OA administration resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of intraalveolar edema and alveolar distention and collapse (P < 0.001). FUR administration before OA infusion had an effect similar to mannitol. We did not observe any significant effect of mannitol when the rats received saline infusion to correct for diuresis induced by mannitol. We conclude that mannitol decreases the severity of pulmonary injury induced by OA in rats. This effect is mainly due to its diuretic properties.

Acute lung injury in two experimental models of acute pancreatitis: infusion of saline or sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct.

OBJECTIVE: To compare acute pulmonary changes secondary to sodium taurocholate hemorrhagic pancreatitis with those changes secondary to a less severe pancreatitis induced by saline infusion into the biliopancreatic duct. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University pulmonary laboratory. SUBJECTS: A total of 110 male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS: Pancreatitis was induced by either 0.5 mL of a 4% solution of sodium taurocholate (TAU group) or 0.5 mL of normal saline (SAL group) injection into the biliopancreatic duct. Data were compared with data from control (sham-operated) animals (SHAM group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The severity of pancreatic and pulmonary injuries was evaluated 1, 3, and 8 days after the induction of acute pancreatitis by morphometric and pulmonary mechanical studies. Biliopancreatic duct pressure was measured during infusion of solutions in SAL and TAU groups. SAL and TAU groups developed an intense necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis on day 1 without differences in biliopancreatic duct pressures (134.0+/-45.1 cm H2O vs. 123.3+/-23.4 cm H2O). Acute pancreatic lesions were still intense on day 3 in the TAU group only. Pulmonary resistance in SAL and TAU groups was significantly greater than in the SHAM group on day 3 only. On day 1, there was an increase in intraalveolar edema in both groups (p < .02). There was an increase in polymorphonuclear cells in alveolar septa on day 1 only in the TAU group (p < .001). In contrast, both experimental groups presented greater values of PMN cells on day 8 compared with the SHAM group (p < .001). Both groups with pancreatitis showed an increase in alveolar distention and collapse on day 1 that persisted only in the TAU group on days 3 and 8. No deaths were observed in the control (SHAM) group. In contrast, the SAL group had lower mortality than the TAU group in the first two days (17% and 52%, respectively, p = .03). CONCLUSION: High-pressure infusion of normal saline into the biliopancreatic duct of rats results in significant pancreatic and lung alterations. These changes are worse in the presence of sodium taurocholate.

[Accidental hypothermia: glycemic, hematologic and blood amylase changes]. / Hipotermia acidental: alterações glicêmicas, hematológicas e da amilasemia.

In twenty patients with accidental hypothermia the plasma levels of amylase and glucose, hematologic aspects, and the response to the treatment were studied. The treatment was made at the Intensive Care Unit of the Medical Division of the Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data showed that high levels of serum amylase without clinical manifestations may be observed in accidental hypothermia. Hyperglycemia was more frequently observed than hypoglycemia. Patients with body temperature lower than 30 degrees C may show leukopenia which returns to normal values when the temperature is corrected. The pneumonia and sepsis were the causes of death in accidental hypothermia.

[Esophageal perforation caused by tracheal intubation]. / Perfuração esofagina causada pela intubaçao traqueal.

Esophageal perforation is an unusual complication of tracheal intubation caused by technical error. Its diagnosis is easily made which is very important since it requires prompt treatment. A case observed in the emergency room of our training hospital is reported. The patient recovered with adequate measures.

[Catatonic syndrome caused by autoimmune disease: spontaneous remission]. / Síndrome catatônica por doença auto-imune: recuperação espontânea.

The psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases, which may precede by many years systemic involvement, should be held in mind by both the internist and psychiatrist. This case report focuses on a female catatonic patient without metabolic disturbances, whose evolution did not suggest a schizophrenic disorder. Immune complexes were demonstrated to be present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained during psychotic crisis and immunologic tests showed circulating immune complexes with a positive antinuclear factor. (1/800) and a nucleolar pattern with immunofluorescence. The psychiatric picture receded concomitantly with a fall in CSF immune complexes and with an increase in circulating immune complexes, without the administration of immunosuppressive drugs. The catatonic syndrome is a rare manifestation in patients with autoimmune disease and few cases have been reported without systemic manifestation. This report emphasizes the need for increased awareness of the psychiatric effects brought about by autoimmune diseases and shows that CSF immune complexes are valuable markers for their diagnosis.