Recovering chromium from electroplating sludge using an integrated technology of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and H2O2 oxidation.

Chromium electroplating produces Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge (EPS) in large volumes, which is easily oxidised to Cr(Ⅵ) and is harmful to the environment and human health. This study recovered Cr(III) as Na2CrO4 from EPS using an integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)-H2O2 oxidation technology. During the treatment process, Cr(III) was oxidised to Cr(VI) using H2O2 in an alkaline environment, BMED was used to separate and recover Cr(VI). Experimental results showed that H2O2 dosage and pH affected Cr(III) oxidation-the highest Cr(III) oxidation ratio of 68.4% was observed when H2O2 dosage and pH were 5.5 mL and 12.0, respectively. The current density, solid/liquid ratio and sludge particle size affected Cr(III) recovery, energy consumption and current efficiency. Under a current density of 20.0 mA/cm2, solid/liquid ratio of 1.0:45 and sludge particle size of 100 mesh, 58.2% of Cr(III) was recovered. When the number of the equipped EPS compartments was increased from one to two and three, the specific energy consumption decreased from 1.04 to 0.87 and 0.81 kW·h/g, respectively, but the current efficiency remained almost constant. After EPS treatment, the Cr(III) remaining in the sludge was mainly in the residual state, which is less environmentally harmful. The obtained Na2CrO4 had similar properties according to X-ray diffraction analysis. Thus, the proposed integrated technology effectively recovers Cr(III) from EPS and other chromium-containing solid wastes.

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the toxicological mechanisms of polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

With the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, the toxicity of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) to microalgae has attracted increasing attention. However, the underlying toxic mechanisms of MNPs remain to be elucidated. In this study, we synthesized micro- and nano-scale of polystyrene MNPs (PS MNPs) to investigate their toxicity and toxic mechanisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We found that PS MNPs significantly inhibit the production of photosynthetic pigments and increase soluble protein content. The detailed analysis of results shows that both materials affect photosynthetic efficiency by damaging the donor side, reaction center, and electron transfer of photosystem II. Moreover, compared to PS MPs, PS NPs have a greater negative impact on algal cells. Analyzing the transcriptome of cells suggests that the most sensitive metabolic pathways in response to PS MNPs involve oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and photosynthesis. Especially, genes related to photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation showed significant changes in expression after exposure to PS MNPs. This study provided molecular-level insights into the toxic mechanisms of PS MNPs on microalgae.

Study on the antidepressant activity of (2R,6R; 2S,6S)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) and its derivatives.

OBJECTIVE: This study mainly explores (2R,6R; 2S,6S)-HNK and its compounds whether there are antidepressant effects. METHODS: Four HNK compounds were obtained from 2-(Chlorophenyl) Cyclopentylmethanone. Forced swimming test, locomotor sensitization test, and conditioned location preference test were used to screen the antidepressant activity of the synthesized target compounds. RESULTS: In the case of 10 mg HNK treatment, compared with saline, the immobile time of mice in the HNK group, I5 group and I6 group at 1 h and 7 days had statistical significance. In the case of 10 mg HNK treatment, compared with saline, the immobile time of compound C and D groups in the glass cylinder area was significantly different. In the locomotor sensitization test, the movement distance of compound C and D groups on day 15 and day 7 mice increased significantly compared with the first day. In the conditioned place preference experiment, compound C and compound D induced conditioned place preference in mice compared with the Veh group. CONCLUSION: The results of the forced swimming test, locomotor sensitization test, and conditioned location preference test showed that compounds C and D may have certain anti-depressant activity. However, HNK exerts a rapid and significant antidepressant effect within 1 week, but the duration is short.

High energy resolution CsPbBr3 alpha particle detector with a full-customized readout application specific integrated circuit.

α particles must be monitored to be managed as radioactive diagnostic agents or nuclear activity indicators. The new generation of perovskite detectors suffer from limited energy resolution, which affects spectroscopy and imaging applications. Here, we report that the solution-grown CsPbBr3 crystal exhibits a low and stable dark current (34.6 nA·cm-2 at 200 V) by thinning the as-grown crystal to decrease the high concentration CsPb2Br5 phase near the surface. The introduction of the Schottky electrode for the CsPbBr3 detector further reduces the dark current and improves the high-temperature stability. An energy resolution of 6.9% is achieved with the commercial electronic system, while the effects of air scattering and absorption are investigated. Moreover, 1.1% energy resolution is recognized by a full-customized readout application-specific integrated circuit without any additional signal processing, which matches well with the given parameters of the CsPbBr3 detector by reducing the parasitic capacitance and electronic noise.

Impact of high fat and low lean mass phenotype on bone mineral content: A cross-sectional study of Chinese adolescent population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Research on body composition phenotypes and bone health in adolescents is limited. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between different body composition phenotypes, bone mineral content, and bone metabolism markers in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1852 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were selected from six schools in Yinchuan City between 2017 and 2020 using stratified cluster random sampling. The participant's body composition and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Serum bone metabolic markers (OC, CTX, and Ca) were measured. Based on their FMI and LMI, individuals were categorized into four body composition phenotypes: low fat mass-low lean mass (LFMI-LLMI), low fat mass-high lean mass (LFMI-HLMI), high fat mass-high lean mass (HFMI-HLMI), high fat mass-low lean mass (HFMI-LLMI). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the four different body composition phenotypes with BMC, CTX and Ca in boys (all P < 0.05), similar conclusions were found in girls, except the OC and CTX. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, and others, compared with the LFMI-HLMI reference group, the two high FMI groups (HFMI-LLMI and HFMI-HLMI) had a greater negative correlation with BMC, while the low BMC risk of the HFMI-LLMI group was the highest (OR = 33.28; 95%CI: 11.12-99.63; P < 0.001). The correlation between BMC of different body composition phenotypes in boys was greater than that in girls. HFMI-HLMI is a risk phenotype negatively associated with Ca content (ß = -0.12; 95%CI: -0.19 to -0.04; P < 0.05). Regardless of body composition level, BMC was always negatively correlated with fat mass (LLMI: ß = -0.27; 95%CI: -0.32-0.21; HLMI: ß = -0.52, 95%CI: -0.65-0.40) and positively correlated with lean mass (LFMI: ß =0.24; 95%CI: 0.20-0.28; HFMI: ß =0.23, 95%CI:0.13-0.33) (all P < 0.001). The fat mass showed different correlations with OC and CTX in girls and boys based on LLMI or HLMI (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HFMI-LLMI is a risk phenotype of low BMC in Chinese adolescents, and the relationship between fat mass and bone metabolism markers is affected by lean body mass and gender.

A biomimetic lubricating nanosystem for synergistic therapy of osteoarthritis.

Failure of articular cartilage lubrication and inflammation are the main causes of osteoarthritis (OA), and integrated treatment realizing joint lubrication and anti-inflammation is becoming the most effective treat model. Inspired by low friction of human synovial fluid and adhesive chemical effect of mussels, our work reports a biomimetic lubricating system that realizes long-time lubrication, photothermal responsiveness and anti-inflammation property. To build the system, a dopamine-mediated strategy is developed to controllably graft hyaluronic acid on the surface of metal organic framework. The design constructs a biomimetic core-shell structure that has good dispersity and stability in water with a high drug loading ratio of 99%. Temperature of the solution rapidly increases to 55 °C under near-infrared light, and the hard-soft lubricating system well adheres to wear surfaces, and greatly reduces frictional coefficient by 75% for more than 7200 times without failure. Cell experiments show that the nanosystem enters cells by endocytosis, and releases medication in a sustained manner. The anti-inflammatory outcomes validate that the nanosystem prevents the progression of OA by down-regulating catabolic proteases and pain-related genes and up-regulating genes that are anabolic in cartilage. The study provides a bioinspired strategy to employ metal organic framework with controlled surface and structure for friction reduction and anti-inflammation, and develops a new concept of OA synergistic therapy model for practical applications.

Photothermal COFs with donor-acceptor structure for friction reduction and antiwear.

For the first time, a novel donor-acceptor structured COF with excellent photothermal conversion and mono-dispersity in various oils without any further modification is reported; it realized responsive friction reduction, excellent antiwear and long-time lubrication.

Mechanism of Antidepressant Action of (2R,6R)-6-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) and Its Compounds: Insights from Proteomic Analysis.

The effects of HNK, I5, and I6 on the expression of protein in hippocampus of depressed mice were studied by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to explore the mechanism of their antidepressant action. HNK, I5, and I6 were administered intragastric administration once a day in the morning for 7 days. The drug was subsequently discontinued for 7 days (without any treatment). On the 15th day, mice in each group were given the drug (1.0, 10.0, 30.0 mg/kg) intragastric stimulation and mouse hippocampal tissues were taken to perform iTRAQ to identify differentially expressed proteins, and bioinformatics was used to analyze the functional enrichment of the differentially expressed proteins. Compared with Ctr group, the number of differentially expressed proteins in HNK, I5, and I6 treatment groups was 158, 88, and 105, respectively. The three groups shared 29 differentially expressed proteins. In addition, compared with HNK group, the number of differentially expressed proteins in I5 and I6 groups was 201 and 203, respectively. A total of 47 and 56 differentially expressed proteins were co-expressed in I5 and I6 groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins mainly had the functions of binding, biocatalysis, and transport, and mainly participated in cellular process, biological regulation process, biological metabolism process, and stress reaction process. GO and KEGG pathway analysis found that these differentially expressed proteins were involved long-term potentiation, G13 pathway, platelet activation pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. HNK, I5, and I6 antidepressants are closely related to sudden stress sensitivity, stress resistance, neurotransmitter, and metabolic pathways. This study provides a scientific basis to further elucidate the mechanism and clinical application of HNK, I5, and I6 antidepressants.

Relationship between new surrogate marks of insulin resistance and bone mineral content in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the relationship between new surrogate marks of insulin resistance (IR) and bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescents, and predictive value of the new surrogate marks on low bone mass, so as to provide scientific basis for early identification and prevention of skeletal related diseases in adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 594 adolescents aged 12-18 years in Yinchuan City were selected by convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling from September 2017 to September 2020, and triglyceride and glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) were calculated as new simplified IR index. The correlation between different simplified IR indexes and BMC level was analyzed by partial correlation. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between IR index and low bone mass, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze its evaluation effect on low bone mass.@*Results@#After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, family history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the new surrogate marks of IR were positively correlated with BMC level (TyG: r =0.11, TyG-BMI: r =0.58, TG/HDL-C: r =0.21, P <0.01). After further adjustment of body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM), the relationship between IR indexes and BMC turned into negative correlation (TyG: r =-0.20, TyG-BMI: r =-0.18, TG/HDL-C: r=-0.14, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, family history of hypertension, SBP and DBP, Logistic regression results showed that the increase of TyG, TyG-BMI and TG/HDL-C levels reduced the possibility of low bone mass in adolescents (TyG: OR=0.63, 95%CI = 0.40-0.98, TyG-BMI: OR=0.94, 95%CI =0.93-0.96, TG/HDL-C: OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.17-0.58, P <0.01). After adjusting BMI, FM and LM, the above results were completely reversed. Girls with high TyG and TG/HDL-C levels were 4.95 and 4.38 times more likely to have low bone mass than those with low TyG and TG/HDL-C levels (TyG: OR=4.95, 95%CI =1.29- 18.95 , TG/HDL-C: OR=4.38, 95%CI=1.04-18.50, P <0.05). ROC curve showed that TyG-BMI had the best predictive value on low bone mass (AUC=0.80, 95% CI=0.77-0.83, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The new surrogate marks of IR in adolescents are negatively correlated with adolescent BMC, of which TyG-BMI is the best for assessing of low bone mass and can serving as a reliable indicator for early identification of low bone mass.

Study on the antidepressant activity of (2R,6R; 2S,6S)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) and its derivatives

Abstract Objective: This study mainly explores (2R,6R; 2S,6S)-HNK and its compounds whether there are antidepressant effects. Methods: Four HNK compounds were obtained from 2-(Chlorophenyl) Cyclopentylmethanone. Forced swimming test, locomotor sensitization test, and conditioned location preference test were used to screen the antidepressant activity of the synthesized target compounds. Results: In the case of 10 mg HNK treatment, compared with saline, the immobile time of mice in the HNK group, I5 group and I6 group at 1 h and 7 days had statistical significance. In the case of 10 mg HNK treatment, compared with saline, the immobile time of compound C and D groups in the glass cylinder area was significantly different. In the locomotor sensitization test, the movement distance of compound C and D groups on day 15 and day 7 mice increased significantly compared with the first day. In the conditioned place preference experiment, compound C and compound D induced conditioned place preference in mice compared with the Veh group. Conclusion: The results of the forced swimming test, locomotor sensitization test, and conditioned location preference test showed that compounds C and D may have certain anti-depressant activity. However, HNK exerts a rapid and significant antidepressant effect within 1 week, but the duration is short.

Robust Ti3C2Tx MXene foam modified with natural antioxidants for long-term effective electromagnetic interference shielding.

MXenes have been proven to be outstanding lossy phase of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, their poor tolerance to oxygen and water results in fast degradation of the pristine two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure and fading of the functional performance. Herein, in this research, natural antioxidants (e.g., melatonin, tea polyphenols, and phytic acid) were employed to protect the Ti3C2Tx MXene from its degradation in order to achieve a long-term stability of the EMI shielding performance. The results showed that the synthesized composites comprised of antioxidants and Ti3C2Tx exhibited a decelerating degradation rate resulting in an improved EMI shielding effective (SE) stability. The antioxidation mechanism of the applied antioxidants is discussed with respect to the nanostructure evolution of the Ti3C2Tx MXene. This work contributes to the basic foundations for the further development of advanced MXenes for stable applications in the EM field.

Microglia-derived exosomal circZNRF1 alleviates paraquat-induced neuronal cell damage via miR-17-5p.

Paraquat (PQ) is an environmental poison that causes clinical symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vitro and in rodents. It can lead to the activation of microglia and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. However, the exact role and mechanism of microglial activation in PQ-induced neuronal degeneration remain unknown. Here, we isolated the microglia-derived exosomes exposed with 0 and 40 µM PQ, which were subsequently co-incubated with PQ-exposed neuronal cells to simulate intercellular communication. First, we found that exosomes released from microglia caused a change in neuronal cell vitality and reversed PQ-induced neuronal apoptosis. RNA sequencing data showed that these activated microglia-derived exosomes carried large amounts of circZNRF1. Moreover, a bioinformatics method was used to study the underlying mechanism of circZNRF1 in regulating PD, and miR-17-5p was predicted to be its target. Second, an increased Bcl2/Bax ratio could play an anti-apoptotic role. Bcl2 was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-17-5p. Our results showed that circZNRF1 plays an anti-apoptotic role by absorbing miR-17-5p and regulating the binding of Bcl2 after exosomes are internalized by dopaminergic neurons. In conclusion, we demonstrated a new intercellular communication mechanism between microglia and neurons, in which circZNRF1 plays a key role in protecting against PQ-induced neuronal apoptosis through miR-17-5p to regulate the biological process of PD. These findings may offer a novel approach to preventing and treating PD.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms by which carbon dots regulate the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing attention for their ability to artificially improve photosynthesis. Microalgal bioproducts have emerged as promising sources of sustainable nutrition and energy. However, the gene regulation mechanism of CDs on microalgae remains unexplored. The study synthesized red-emitting CDs and applied them to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Results showed that 0.5 mg/L-CDs acted as light supplements to promote cell division and biomass in C. reinhardtii. CDs improved the energy transfer of PS II, photochemical efficiency of PS II, and photosynthetic electron transfer. The pigment content and carbohydrate production slightly increased, while protein and lipid contents significantly increased (by 28.4% and 27.7%, respectively) in a short cultivation time. Transcriptome analysis identified 1166 differentially expressed genes. CDs resulted in faster cell growth by up-regulating the expression of genes associated with cell growth and death, promoting sister chromatid separation, accelerating the mitotic process and shortening the cell cycle. CDs improved the ability of energy conversion by up-regulating photosynthetic electron transfer-related genes. Carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were regulated and provided more available pyruvate for the citrate cycle. The study provides evidence for the genetic regulation of microalgal bioresources by artificially synthesized CDs.

A snowboard-inspired lubricating nanosystem with responsive drug release for osteoarthritis therapy.

Most of present works of osteoarthritis (OA) therapy are focusing on reducing friction and improving drug loading capacity, while little attention is paid to realizing long-time lubrication and on-demand drug release. In this study, inspired by snowboards with good solid-liquid interface lubrication, a fluorinated graphene based nanosystem with dual functions of long-time lubrication and thermal-responsive drug release was constructed for OA synergetic therapy. An aminated polyethylene glycol bridging strategy was developed to enable covalent grafting of hyaluronic acid on fluorinated graphene. This design not only greatly increased the nanosystem's biocompatibility, but also reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) by 83.3 % compared to H2O. The nanosystem showed long-time and steady aqueous lubrication behavior even after more than 24,000 times of friction tests, and a low COF of 0.13 was obtained with over 90% wear volume reduction. Diclofenac sodium was controllably loaded and sustained drug release was tuned by near-infrared light. Moreover, anti-inflammation results showed that the nanosystem had good protective effect on inhibiting OA deterioration, which could up-regulate cartilage anabolic genes of Col2α and aggrecan while down-regulating catabolic proteases genes of TAC1 and MMP1. This work constructs a novel dual-functional nanosystem that realizes friction and wear reduction with long lubrication life, and shows thermal-responsive on-demand drug release with good synergistic therapeutic effect of OA.

Dual-functional MOFs-based hybrid microgel advances aqueous lubrication and anti-inflammation.

This paper demonstrates the hybridization of copolymer microgel with drug-loaded metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles that can achieve excellent aqueous lubricating performance and anti-inflammatory effect for synergistic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-g-PNIPAm) microgel layer is grown on the MIL-101(Cr) surface via one-pot soap-free emulsion polymerization method. The lower critical solution temperature of the MIL-101(Cr)@PEG-g-PNIPAm hybrid is raised significantly by incorporating PEG chains into the PNIPAm microgel matrix, which greatly enhances the high-temperature aqueous dispersion stability. The hybrid microgel demonstrated reversibly thermo-sensitive swelling-collapsing behavior to modulate the optical properties and hydrodynamic size. Using as aqueous lubricating additives, the hybrid reduces over 64% and 97% in friction coefficient and wear volume. Also, the hybrid supports desirable temperature-controlled lubrication modulation due to their reversible thermo-responsive behavior, which is benefit to joint lubrication of OA. After encapsulating anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS), the DS-MIL-101(Cr)@PEG-g-PNIPAm shows thermo-responsive drug release in aqueous media, which can improve the drug-delivery efficiency. By co-culturing the DS-loaded hybrid with human normal chondrocytes, we demonstrate good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effect on the chondrocytes with inflammation by regulating the expression of OA-related genes and proteins. Our work establishes multifunctional MOFs-based hybrid microgel systems for advanced colloids modulation and biomedical application.

Enzyme coordination conferring stable monodispersity of diverse metal-organic frameworks for photothermal/starvation therapy.

The agglomeration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has long been a problem, and achieving stable monodispersity in water remains a great challenge. This paper reports a universal strategy that functionalizes MOFs by using an endogenous bioenzyme namely glucose oxidase (GOx), to achieve stable water monodispersity, and integrates it as a highly efficient nanoplatform for cancer synergistic therapy. Phenolic hydroxyl groups in GOx chain confers robust coordination interactions with MOFs, which not only endows stable monodispersion in water, but also provides many reactive sites for further modification. Silver nanoparticles are uniformly deposited onto MOFs@GOx to achieve high conversion efficiency from near-infrared light to heat, resulting in an effective starvation and photothermal synergistic therapy model. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm excellent therapeutic effect at very low doses without using any chemotherapeutics. In addition, the nanoplatform generates large amounts of reactive oxygen species, induces heavy cell apoptosis, and demonstrates the first experimental example to effectively inhibit cancer migration. Our universal strategy enables stable monodispersity of various MOFs via GOx functionalization and establishes a non-invasive platform for efficient cancer synergistic therapy.

Controlled Growing of Graphdiyne Film for Friction Reduction and Antiwear.

Like the multilayered graphene which is the most widely used solid lubricant, graphdiyne (GDY) as a 2D material holds potential similar prospects but has been rarely researched so far. One reason is that growing a GDY film in a controllable manner on diverse material surfaces remains a great challenge. To address the issue, a catalytic pregrowth and solution polymerization method is developed to synthesize a GDY film on various substrates. It allows fine control over film structure and thickness. A macroscopic ultralow friction coefficient of 0.08 is obtained, and a relatively long life of more than 5 h under a high load of 1378 MPa is achieved. Molecular dynamics simulations together with the surface analysis demonstrate that the increased deformation degree and weakened relative motion between GDY layers contribute to the low friction. Especially, different from graphene, the friction of GDY exhibits a double increase and decrease in one period of λ ≈ 8-9 Å, and it is roughly equal to the distance between two adjacent alkyne bonds in the x direction, indicating GDY's structure and lattice play an important role in reducing friction.

Molecular Plasmonic Silver Forests for the Photocatalytic-Driven Sensing Platforms.

Structural electronics, as well as flexible and wearable devices are applications that are possible by merging polymers with metal nanoparticles. However, using conventional technologies, it is challenging to fabricate plasmonic structures that remain flexible. We developed three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures/polymer sensors via single-step laser processing and further functionalization with 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) as a molecular probe. These sensors allow ultrasensitive detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We tracked the 4-NBT plasmonic enhancement and changes in its vibrational spectrum under the chemical environment perturbations. As a model system, we investigated the sensor's performance when exposed to prostate cancer cells' media over 7 days showing the possibility of identifying the cell death reflected in the environment through the effects on the 4-NBT probe. Thus, the fabricated sensor could have an impact on the monitoring of the cancer treatment process. Moreover, the laser-driven nanoparticles/polymer intermixing resulted in a free-form electrically conductive composite that withstands over 1000 bending cycles without losing electrical properties. Our results bridge the gap between plasmonic sensing with SERS and flexible electronics in a scalable, energy-efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly way.

Ciprofloxacin degradation performances and mechanisms by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton with flocculated fermentation biochar.

Antibiotic fermentation residue flocculated by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS) has been classified as a "hazardous waste" in China. In this study, it was recycled into antibiotic fermentation residue biochar (AFRB) by pyrolysis and used as a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) catalyst for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The results show that PFS was reduced to Fe0 and FeS during pyrolysis, which was beneficial for the EF process. The AFRB with mesoporous structures exhibited soft magnetic features, which were convenient for separation. CIP was completely degraded within 10 min by the AFRB-EF process at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. Increasing the working current and catalyst dosage within a certain range could improve the degradation rate. ·OH and O2·- were the dominant reactive oxygen species that played critical roles for CIP degradation. The antibacterial groups of CIP have been destroyed by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process and its toxicity was negligible. The AFRB showed satisfactory performance, even though it was recycled five times. This study provide new insights into the resourceful treatment of antibiotic fermentation residues.

Polyelectrolyte-Functionalized NanoMOFs for Highly Efficient Aqueous Lubrication and Sustained Drug Release.

This study demonstrates the hybridization of polyelectrolyte brushes with anti-inflammatory drug-loaded nanoMOFs that can achieve highly efficient aqueous lubrication and sustained drug release for the synergistic therapy of osteoarthritis (OA). Poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMK) brushes are grown on the surface of the UiO-66-NH2 via one-pot grafting polymerization, which served as a general surface modification method of NH2 -MOFs to grow the polymer brushes. The growth of the PSPMK brushes greatly enhance the stability, dispersity, and swollen property of the AS-UiO-66-NH2@PSPMK in aqueous media. Using as lubricating additives, the UiO-66-NH2 @PSPMK achieves not only reductions in both coefficient of friction and wear volume over 70% and 99% but also supports high load-carrying capacity and long-term durability. The PSPMK brushes can be served as an universal interfacial modification soft layer that can significantly improve the aqueous lubricating performance of other types of NH2 -MOFs. After encapsulating the anti-inflammatory aspirin (AS), the AS-UiO-66-NH2 @PSPMK shows both sustained drug release and good biocompatibility toward the human normal chondrocytes. This work establishes anti-inflammatory drug-loaded UiO-66-NH2 @PSPMK as a potential multifunctional joint lubricant for OA treatment.