Identification, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose on Italian Ryegrass in Southwestern China.

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is widely cultivated as an important forage worldwide because of its high nutritional value and good palatability. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species was a common and new emerging disease of Italian ryegrass. In this study, 88 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased leaves of Italian ryegrass planting regions in Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces of southwestern China between 2019 and 2022. By pure culture technique, 15 representative single-spore isolates were obtained for further study. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis coupled with morphological features showed that these isolates were finally identified as six new record species: C. cereale of the C. graminicola species complex, C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex, C. boninense and C. citricola of the C. boninense species complex, and C. nageiae. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all species could induce anthracnose symptoms; of these, C. cereale was more invasive than other species, followed by C. fioriniae, C. nageiae, C. citricola and C. boninense; C. nymphaeae was weakest pathogenic to Italian ryegrass plants (P ≤ 0.05). Fungicide sensitivity assays showed that iprodione, propineb and oxime·tebuconazole had strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of six Colletotrichum species; in addition, azoxystrobin and fludioxonil also significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae, respectively. These results provide the basis for the diagnosis and detection in the field, pathogen identification and management of anthracnose on Italian ryegrass.

The mutagenic effect of cold plasma on Medicago sativa L.

To explore the feasibility of using cold plasma as a mutagenesis breeding technology for forage crops, in this study we used the Medicago sativa L. cultivar, Zhongcao No. 3, as the experimental material. The effects of plasma treatments on Medicago sativa L. were analyzed through the use of plasma and activated water. Treatments with plasma and activated water inhibited plant height but promoted root growth. By creating a closed environment, adding a dielectric barrier plate, and combining these two treatment methods, the greatest impact can be had on the growth of Medicago sativa L. seeds. After treatment, the plant heights were approximately half those of the control group, and the root lengths were approximately 1.6 times those of the control group. Through emission spectroscopy, it was found that active particles such as O, NO2, and N2* were present and could be considered to have produced plasma-activated water through contact with the water surface, thus affecting the survival and growth of the seeds. Whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) was performed on the wild-type and selected mutants after treatment, with an average sequencing depth of 115.93×, an average genome alignment rate of 91.72 %, and an average genome coverage rate of 91.85 %. Various types of mutations were detected and annotated. After filtering, 7,822,324 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) sites, 2,161,917 indel sites, 200,544 SV sites, 238 CNV (copy number variation) sites. The SNPs, indels (insertions/deletions), and SVs (structural variations) were mainly heterozygous, with heterozygosity rates of 87.13 %, 92.16 %, and 83.49 %, respectively. The CNVs were dominated by low copy numbers, accounting for 53.77 %. These results indicate that plasma treatment has significant effects on plant growth and genome of Medicago sativa L.

Design of Heavy-Load Soft Robots Based on a Dual Biomimetic Structure.

This study first draws inspiration from the dual biomimetic design of plant cell walls and honeycomb structures, drawing on their structural characteristics to design a flexible shell structure that can achieve significant deformation and withstand large loads. Based on the staggered bonding of this flexible shell structure, we propose a new design scheme for a large-load pneumatic soft arm and establish a mathematical model for its flexibility and load capacity. The extension and bending deformation of this new type of soft arm come from the geometric variability of flexible shell structures, which can be controlled through two switches, namely, deflation and inflation, to achieve extension or bending actions. The experimental results show that under a driving pressure within the range of 150 kpa, the maximum elongation of the soft arm reaches 23.17 cm, the maximum bending angle is 94.2 degrees, and the maximum load is 2.83 N. This type of soft arm designed based on dual bionic inspiration can have both a high load capacity and flexibility. The research results provide new ideas and methods for the development of high-load soft arms, which are expected to expand from laboratories to multiple fields.

Projection du fardeau du cancer au Canada en 2024.

CONTEXTE: Les données de surveillance du cancer sont essentielles pour mieux comprendre les lacunes et les progrès réalisés dans la lutte contre le cancer. Nous avons cherché à résumer les répercussions prévues du cancer au Canada en 2024, en effectuant des projections sur les nouveaux cas de cancer et les décès par cancer, par sexe et par province ou territoire, pour tous les âges confondus. MÉTHODES: Nous avons obtenu les données sur les nouveaux cas de cancer (c.-à-d., l'incidence, 1984­2019) et les décès par cancer (c.-à-d., la mortalité, 1984­2020) du Registre canadien du cancer et de la Base canadienne de données de l'état civil ­ Décès, respectivement. Nous avons projeté les chiffres et les taux d'incidence du cancer et de mortalité jusqu'en 2024 pour 23 types de cancer, par sexe et par province ou territoire. Nous avons calculé des taux normalisés selon l'âge au moyen de données de la population type canadienne de 2011. RÉSULTATS: En 2024, les nombres de nouveaux cas de cancer et de décès causés par le cancer devraient atteindre 247 100 et 88 100, respectivement. Le taux d'incidence normalisé selon l'âge (TINA) et le taux de mortalité normalisé selon l'âge (TMNA) devraient diminuer légèrement par rapport aux années précédentes, tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes, avec des taux plus élevés chez les hommes (TINA de 562,2 pour 100 000, et TMNA de 209,6 pour 100 000 chez les hommes; TINA de 495,9 pour 100 000 et TMNA de 152,8 pour 100 000 chez les femmes). Les TINA et les TMNA de plusieurs cancers courants devraient continuer à diminuer (p. ex., cancer du poumon, cancer colorectal et cancer de la prostate), tandis que ceux de plusieurs autres cancers devraient augmenter (p. ex., cancer du foie et des voies biliaires intrahépatiques, cancer du rein, mélanome et lymphome non hodgkinien). INTERPRÉTATION: Bien que l'incidence globale du cancer et la mortalité connexe sont en déclin, il devrait y avoir une augmentation des nouveaux cas et des décès au Canada en 2024, en grande partie en raison de la croissance et du vieillissement de la population. Les efforts en matière de prévention, de dépistage et de traitement ont atténué les répercussions de certains cancers, mais ces projections à court terme soulignent l'effet potentiel du cancer sur les gens et les systèmes de soins de santé au Canada.

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Arterial Steno-Occlusive Disease: Clinical and Radiological Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno-occlusive disease to further evaluate the potential therapeutic role of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in this population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 152 adult patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno-occlusive disease who were treated with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and intensive medical management across 3 tertiary centers in China between January 2011 and September 2019 were retrospectively included. The primary outcomes were defined as postoperative cerebrovascular events, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The postoperative neovascularization was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using angiography. Clinical, radiological, and long-term follow-up data were analyzed using Cox regression, logistic regression, and linear regression analyses. Primary outcome rates were 3.2% (5/152) within 30 days, 6.6% (10/152) within 2 years, 9.2% (14/152) within 5 years, and 11.1% (17/152) during a median 9.13 years follow-up. Initial infarction symptoms were positively associated with recurrent ischemic stroke. Additionally, posterior circulation involvement and coexisting cardiac disease indicated poorer neurological status, whereas encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis neovascularization efficacy was negatively associated with older age and vascular risk factors but positively associated with posterior circulation involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis plus intensive medical management appears efficacious and safe for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno-occlusive disease, with low perioperative risk and favorable long-term results. Further prospective trials are needed to verify its efficacy and determine the optimal patient selection criteria.

Preoperative prediction of histopathological grading in patients with chondrosarcoma using MRI-based radiomics with semantic features.

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing high-grade from low-grade chondrosarcoma is extremely vital not only for guiding the development of personalized surgical treatment but also for predicting the prognosis of patients. We aimed to establish and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based nomogram for predicting preoperative grading in patients with chondrosarcoma. METHODS: Approximately 114 patients (60 and 54 cases with high-grade and low-grade chondrosarcoma, respectively) were recruited for this retrospective study. All patients were treated via surgery and histopathologically proven, and they were randomly divided into training (n = 80) and validation (n = 34) sets at a ratio of 7:3. Next, radiomics features were extracted from two sequences using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms. The rad-scores were calculated and then subjected to logistic regression to develop a radiomics model. A nomogram combining independent predictive semantic features with radiomic by using multivariate logistic regression was established. The performance of each model was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve, while clinical efficacy was evaluated via decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Ultimately, six optimal radiomics signatures were extracted from T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression (T2WI-FS) sequences to develop the radiomics model. Tumour cartilage abundance, which emerged as an independent predictor, was significantly related to chondrosarcoma grading (p < 0.05). The AUC values of the radiomics model were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95) in the training sets, and the corresponding AUC values in the validation sets were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98), which were far superior to the clinical model AUC values of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.79) in the training sets and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.87) in the validation sets. The nomogram demonstrated good performance in the preoperative distinction of chondrosarcoma. The DCA analysis revealed that the nomogram model had a markedly higher clinical usefulness in predicting chondrosarcoma grading preoperatively than either the rad-score or clinical model alone. CONCLUSION: The nomogram based on MRI radiomics combined with optimal independent factors had better performance for the preoperative differentiation between low-grade and high-grade chondrosarcoma and has potential as a noninvasive preoperative tool for personalizing clinical plans.

Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: New Weapons to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity Cycle.

Semiconductor nanomaterials have emerged as a significant factor in the advancement of tumor immunotherapy. This review discusses the potential of transition metal oxide (TMO) nanomaterials in the realm of anti-tumor immune modulation. These binary inorganic semiconductor compounds possess high electron mobility, extended ductility, and strong stability. Apart from being primary thermistor materials, they also serve as potent agents in enhancing the anti-tumor immunity cycle. The diverse metal oxidation states of TMOs result in a range of electronic properties, from metallicity to wide-bandgap insulating behavior. Notably, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide have garnered interest due to their presence in tumor tissues and potential therapeutic implications. These nanoparticles (NPs) kickstart the tumor immunity cycle by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), prompting the release of ICD and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and working in conjunction with various therapies to trigger dendritic cell (DC) maturation, T cell response, and infiltration. Furthermore, they can alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) by reprogramming immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages into an inflammatory state, thereby impeding tumor growth. This review aims to bring attention to the research community regarding the diversity and significance of TMOs in the tumor immunity cycle, while also underscoring the potential and challenges associated with using TMOs in tumor immunotherapy.

Quantum Dots as a Potential Multifunctional Material for the Enhancement of Clinical Diagnosis Strategies and Cancer Treatments.

Quantum dots (QDs) represent a class of nanoscale wide bandgap semiconductors, and are primarily composed of metals, lipids, or polymers. Their unique electronic and optical properties, which stem from their wide bandgap characteristics, offer significant advantages for early cancer detection and treatment. Metal QDs have already demonstrated therapeutic potential in early tumor imaging and therapy. However, biological toxicity has led to the development of various non-functionalized QDs, such as carbon QDs (CQDs), graphene QDs (GQDs), black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs) and perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). To meet the diverse needs of clinical cancer treatment, functionalized QDs with an array of modifications (lipid, protein, organic, and inorganic) have been further developed. These advancements combine the unique material properties of QDs with the targeted capabilities of biological therapy to effectively kill tumors through photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other means. In addition to tumor-specific therapy, the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs has gradually increased with technological progress, enabling their significant application in both in vivo and in vitro imaging. This review delves into the role of QDs in the development and improvement of clinical cancer treatments, emphasizing their wide bandgap semiconductor properties.

Effects of Soil Conditioner (Volcanic Ash) on Yield Quality and Rhizosphere Soil Characteristics of Melon.

In this study, the effects of soil conditioners on the growth and development of melons and the rhizosphere soil environment were explored. The optimal amount of added soil conditioner was screened to solve the practical production problems of high-quality and high-yield thin-skinned melon. The melon variety "Da Shetou" was used as the material. Under the conditions of conventional fertilization and cultivation technology management, different soil conditioners were set up for potted melons. The effects of Pastoral soil (CK), 95% Pastoral soil + 5% volcanic ash soil conditioner (KT1), 85% Pastoral soil + 15% volcanic ash soil conditioner (KT2), 75% Pastoral soil + 25% volcanic ash soil conditioner (KT3), 65% Pastoral soil + 35% volcanic ash soil conditioner (KT4), and 55% Pastoral soil + 45% volcanic ash soil conditioner (KT5) on melon yield, quality, and rhizosphere soil characteristics were investigated. The soil microbial community was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology. Compared to CK, KT1, KT3, KT4, and KT5, the KT2 treatment could improve the single fruit yield of melon, increasing it by 4.35%, 2.48%, 2.31%, 5.92%, and 2.92%. Meanwhile, the highest contents of soluble protein, soluble solid, and soluble sugar in the KT2 treatment were 1.89 mg·100 g-1, 16.35%, and 46.44 mg·g-1, which were significantly higher than those in the control treatment. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-soluble nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in melon rhizosphere soil were the highest in the KT2 treatment. Through Alpha diversity analysis, it was found that the Chao1 index, Shannon index, and ACE index were significantly higher in the KT1 treatment than in the control, while, among all groups, the Simpson index and coverage were not significantly different. The dominant bacteria in the six treated samples were mainly Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Myxomycota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadota, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes, which accounted for 96.59~97.63% of the relative abundance of all bacterial groups. Through redundancy analysis (RDA), it was found that the organic matter, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen of melon rhizosphere soil were the dominant factors of bacterial community change at the dominant genus level. In summary, 15% ash soil conditioner applied on melon was the selected treatment to provide a theoretical reference for the application of soil conditioner in facility cultivation.

[Quality control method for phenolic acid components in abandoned stems and leaves of Artemisia selengensis based on UPLC fingerprint combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS)].

This study established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprint of abandoned stems and leaves of Artemisia selengensis and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for five phenolic acid components. Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm) was used. The gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) and a column temperature at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the injection volume was 2 µL. Similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted on the fingerprint data, and 15 common components in 13 batches of abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis were identified. The relative correction factors of ferulic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C were calculated using chlorogenic acid as the internal reference. The QAMS for determining five components in the abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis was established. At the same time, the content of these five components was determined using the external standard method(ESM), and the results showed that there were no significant differences in their content determined by the QAMS and the ESM. The results indicated that the content of phenolic acid components in the abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis from different varieties and different origins had obvious differences. In addition, the content of phenolic acid components in the abandoned stems and leaves of lignified A. selengensis was significantly higher than that of non-lignified A. selengensis. In summary, QAMS established in this study can be quickly, accurately, and economically used to determine the content of five phenolic acid components in abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis, laying a foundation for the resource development and utilization of abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis.

Aerial signaling by plant-associated Streptomyces setonii WY228 regulates plant growth and enhances salt stress tolerance.

Plant-associated streptomycetes play important roles in plant growth and development. However, knowledge of volatile-mediated crosstalk between Streptomyces spp. and plants remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of volatiles from nine endophytic Streptomyces strains on the growth and development of plants. One versatile strain, Streptomyces setonii WY228, was found to significantly promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato seedlings, confer salt tolerance, and induce early flowering and increased fruit yield following volatile treatment. Analysis of plant growth-promoting traits revealed that S. setonii WY228 could produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, ACC deaminase, fix nitrogen, and solubilize inorganic phosphate. These capabilities were further confirmed through genome sequencing and analysis. Volatilome analysis indicated that the volatile organic compounds emitted from ISP-2 medium predominantly comprised sesquiterpenes and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine. Further investigations showed that 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and sesquiterpenoid volatiles were the primary regulators promoting growth, as confirmed by experiments using the terpene synthesis inhibitor phosphomycin, pure compounds, and comparisons of volatile components. Transcriptome analysis, combined with mutant and inhibitor studies, demonstrated that WY228 volatiles promoted root growth by activating Arabidopsis auxin signaling and polar transport, and enhanced root hair development through ethylene signaling activation. Additionally, it was confirmed that volatiles can stimulate plant abscisic acid signaling and activate the MYB75 transcription factor, thereby promoting anthocyanin synthesis and enhancing plant salt stress tolerance. Our findings suggest that aerial signaling-mediated plant growth promotion and abiotic stress tolerance represent potentially overlooked mechanisms of Streptomyces-plant interactions. This study also provides an exciting strategy for the regulation of plant growth and the improvement of horticultural crop yields within sustainable agricultural practices.

The emergence, isolation, and phylogenetic analysis of a closely related human strain of parainfluenza virus 5 from a case of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in China.

Reports of Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) epidemics have been on a global upward trend, with an expanding host range across various animals. In 2020, we isolated a PIV5 strain from a PRRSV-positive serum sample. This strain was named GX2020. Genetic analysis revealed that GX2020 belongs to group A, represented by the AGS strain isolated from a human in the USA. Comparisons of amino acid identity in the coding regions showed that GX2020 had the highest amino acid identity (99.6%) with the AGS strain. The emergence of PIV5 strains genetically similar to human strains in pigs highlights its zoonotic potential and underscores the need for enhanced PIV5 surveillance in the future.

Ultrasound-assisted plasma-activated water thawing of porcine longissimus dorsi: Effects on physicochemical, thermal stability, rheological, and structural properties of myofibrillar protein.

This study evaluated the effects of five thawing methods (air thawing (AT), water thawing (WT), plasma-activated water thawing (PT), ultrasound-assisted water thawing (UWT) and ultrasound-assisted plasma-activated water thawing (UPT)) on the physicochemical, thermal stability, rheological, and structural properties of porcine longissimus dorsi myofibrillar protein (MP). UPT treatment significantly improved protein solubility (73.10%) and reduced protein turbidity (0.123) compared with AT, WT, and PT treatments (P < 0.05). UPT treatment reduced the MP particle size (635.50 nm) and zeta potential (-6.38 mV) compared with AT and WT treatments (P < 0.05), which was closer to that of the fresh sample. UPT treatment also maintained the MP surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability. UPT treatment improved the MP rheological properties of the sample. In addition, UPT treatment effectively protected the MP secondary and tertiary structures. In conclusion, UPT treatment better maintained the MP physicochemical, thermal stability, rheological, and structural properties of thawed porcine longissimus dorsi. Therefore, UPT treatment can be considered as an effective thawing method.

In Situ Collection and SERS Detection of Nitrite in Exhalations on Facemasks Based on Wettability Differences.

As one of the common carriers of biological information, along with human urine specimens and blood, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) carries reliable and rich information about the body's metabolism to track human physiological normal/abnormal states and environmental exposures. What is more, EBC has gained extensive attention because of the convenient and nondestructive sampling. Facemasks, which act as a physical filter barrier between human exhaled breath and inhaled substances from the external environment, are safe, noninvasive, and economic devices for direct sampling of human exhaled breath and inhaled substances. Inspired by the ability of fog collection of Namib desert beetle, a strategy for in situ collecting and detecting EBC with surface-enhanced Raman scattering is illustrated. Based on the intrinsic and unique wettability differences between the squares and the surrounding area of the pattern on facemasks, the hydrophilic squares can capture exhaled droplets and spontaneously enrich the analytes and silver nanocubes (AgNCs), resulting in good repeatability in situ detection. Using R6G as the probe molecule, the minimal detectable concentration can reach as low as 10-16 M, and the relative standard deviation is less than 7%. This proves that this strategy can achieve high detection sensitivity and high detection repeatability. Meanwhile, this strategy is applicable for portable nitrite analysis in EBC and may provide an inspiration for monitoring other biomarkers in EBC.

"Boosting" tumor immunity in elderly mice by hyperactivating dendritic cells.

Immunosenescence poses a significant challenge to tumor immunotherapy in elderly individuals. In this issue of Cell, Zhivaki et al. elucidate that dendritic cells "hyperactivated" by specific adjuvants elicit TH1-skewed CD4+ T cell responses in a manner contingent on the NLRP3 inflammasome, which can eliminate tumors in aged mice.

Pollen-Modified Flat Silk Cocoon Pressure Sensors for Wearable Applications.

Microstructures have been proved as crucial factors for the sensing performance of flexible pressure sensors. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy)/sunflower pollen (SFP) (P/SFP) was prepared via the in situ growth of PPy on the surface of degreased SFP with a sea urchin-like microstructure; then, these P/SFP microspheres were sprayed onto a flat silk cocoon (FSC) to prepare a sensing layer P/SFP-FSC. PPy-FSC (P-FSC) was prepared as an electrode layer through the in situ polymerization of PPy on the FSC surface. The sensing layer P/SFP-FSC was placed between two P-FSC electrode layers to assemble a P/SFP-FSC pressure sensor together with a fork finger electrode. With 6 mg/cm2 of optimized sprayed P/SFP microspheres, the prepared flexible pressure sensor has a sensitivity of up to 0.128 KPa-1 in the range of 0-13.18 KPa and up to 0.13 KPa-1 in the range of 13.18-30.65 KPa, a fast response/recovery time (90 ms/80 ms), and a minimum detection limit as low as 40 Pa. This fabricated flexible P/SFP-FSC sensor can monitor human motion and can also be used for the encrypted transmission of important information via Morse code. In conclusion, the developed flexible P/SFP-FSC pressure sensor based on microstructure modification in this study shows good application prospects in the field of human-computer interaction and wearable electronic devices.

An Ultra-Wideband Frequency Selective Rasorber with Low Infrared Emissivity.

The paper proposes an ultra-wideband frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with low infrared emissivity for the composite detection threat of both radars and infrared sensors. Firstly, the equivalent circuit (EC) method based on transmission line (TL) theory is utilized to analyze the absorption/transmission conditions. Then, based on the analysis above, sinusoidal microstrip lines with non-frequency-varying characteristics are adopted in the design, which significantly enhances the transmission bandwidth of FSR. The FSR demonstrates an absorption band ranging from 2.65 GHz to 8.80 GHz and a transmission band ranging from 9.15 GHz to 17.71 GHz. Furthermore, an infrared shielding layer (IRSL) exhibiting low emissivity in the infrared band and high transmittance in the microwave band is applied to the FSR. The simulation and experiment results verify that the IRSL-FSR demonstrates an ultra-wide transmission band ranging from 9.16 GHz to 17.94 GHz and an ultra-wide absorption band ranging from 2.66 GHz to 8.01 GHz. Additionally, it exhibits a low emissivity value (0.23) in 8-14 µm, providing a viable solution to the formidable challenge of radar-infrared bistealth for satellites and other communication-enabled flying platforms.

Advances in ovarian tumor stem cells and therapy.

Ovarian cancer is considered the most lethal among all gynecological malignancies due to its early metastatic dissemination, extensive spread, and malignant ascites. The current standard of care for advanced ovarian cancer involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy utilizing platinum-based and taxane-based agents. Although initial treatment yields clinical remission in 70-80% of patients, the majority eventually develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. A growing body of evidence indicates the existence of cancer stem cells within diverse solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, which function as a subpopulation to propel tumor growth and disease advancement by means of drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The presence of ovarian cancer stem cells is widely considered to be a significant contributor to the unfavorable clinical outcomes observed in patients with ovarian cancer, as they play a crucial role in mediating chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Ovarian cancer stem cells possess the capacity to reassemble within the entirety of the tumor following conventional treatment, thereby instigating the recurrence of ovarian cancer and inducing resistance to treatment. Consequently, the creation of therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells holds great potential for the management of ovarian cancer. These cells are regarded as one of the most auspicious targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms of ovarian cancer's recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, alongside the development of effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance, metastasis, and recurrence. The implementation of cancer stem cell therapies may potentially augment the tumor cells' sensitivity to existing chemotherapy protocols, thereby mitigating the risks of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and ultimately improving the survival rates of ovarian cancer patients.

Development of CDK12 as a Cancer Therapeutic Target and Related Inhibitors.

Cyclin-dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is a Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK) that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including transcription, translation, mRNA splicing, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair. Dysregulation of CDK12 has been implicated in tumorigenesis, and genetic alterations affecting CDK12 have been identified in multiple cancer types, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that suppression of CDK12 expression effectively inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, underscoring its significance as a cancer biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. A thorough comprehension of CDK12 is expected to significantly enhance the advancement of novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of cancer. In recent times, endeavors have been undertaken to formulate targeted inhibitors for CDK12, such as PROTAC and molecular gel degraders. Concurrently, investigations have been conducted on the combined utilization of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors and immunotherapy as a potential strategy. This paper examines the diverse functions of CDK12 in the modulation of gene expression and its implications in human tumors. Specifically, it explores the recently uncovered roles of CDK12 kinases in various cellular processes, emphasizing the potential of CDK12 as a viable therapeutic target for the management of human tumors. Furthermore, this review provides an up-to-- date account of the advancements made in utilizing CDK12 in tumor therapy.

Identifying cell type-specific transcription factor-mediated activity immune modules reveal implications for immunotherapy and molecular classification of pan-cancer.

Systematic investigation of tumor-infiltrating immune (TII) cells is important to the development of immunotherapies, and the clinical response prediction in cancers. There exists complex transcriptional regulation within TII cells, and different immune cell types display specific regulation patterns. To dissect transcriptional regulation in TII cells, we first integrated the gene expression profiles from single-cell datasets, and proposed a computational pipeline to identify TII cell type-specific transcription factor (TF) mediated activity immune modules (TF-AIMs). Our analysis revealed key TFs, such as BACH2 and NFKB1 play important roles in B and NK cells, respectively. We also found some of these TF-AIMs may contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Based on TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs, we identified eight CD8+ T cell subtypes. In particular, we found the PD1 + CD8+ T cell subset and its specific TF-AIMs associated with immunotherapy response. Furthermore, the TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs displayed the potential to be used as predictive markers for immunotherapy response of cancer patients. At the pan-cancer level, we also identified and characterized six molecular subtypes across 9680 samples based on the activation status of TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs. Finally, we constructed a user-friendly web interface CellTF-AIMs (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellTF-AIMs/) for exploring transcriptional regulatory pattern in various TII cell types. Our study provides valuable implications and a rich resource for understanding the mechanisms involved in cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy.