The hemostatic activity and Mechanistic roles of glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate extract (BSCE) from Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. in Inhibiting pulmonary hemorrhage.

Background: Hemorrhagic events cause numerous deaths annually worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for effective hemostatic drugs. The glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates Control Extract (BSCE) from the orchid plant Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. has demonstrated significant hemostatic activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the effect and mechanism of BSCE on non-traumatic bleeding remain unclear. Methods: Pulmonary hemorrhage was induced in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats by administering Zingiber officinale Roscoe. for 14 days. These rats were then randomly divided into five groups: model (Mod), positive control (YNBY), and BSCE low, medium, and high-dose groups. An additional 8 rats served as the control group (Con). The BSCE groups received different doses of BSCE for 10 days, while the YNBY group received Yunnan Baiyao suspension. The effects on body weight, food and water intake, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), lung tissue pathology, platelet count, coagulation parameters, and fibrinolytic system markers were evaluated. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were also conducted to identify potential targets and pathways involved in BSCE's effects. Results: BSCE treatment significantly improved body weight, food intake, and water consumption in rats with pulmonary hemorrhage. RBC and HGB levels increased significantly in the BSCE medium and high-dose groups compared to the Mod group (P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed that BSCE reduced lung tissue hemorrhage and inflammation, with improvements in alveolar structure. BSCE also positively affected platelet count, thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) levels, and fibrinolytic markers (D-dimer, PAI-1, and t-PA). Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key targets such as MMPs, CASPs, and pathways including IL-17 and TNF signaling, suggesting BSCE's involvement in hemostasis and anti-inflammatory processes. Conclusions: BSCE exhibits significant hemostatic and protective effects on Z.officinale-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in rats by improving hematological parameters, reducing lung tissue damage, and modulating the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The study provides evidence supporting the potential of BSCE as a therapeutic agent for hemorrhagic diseases, with its efficacy linked to multi-target and multi-pathway interactions.

Unveiling the susceptibility mechanism of Microcystis to consecutive sub-lethal oxidative stress-Enhancing oxidation technology for cyanobacterial bloom control.

The use of H2O2 to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms has gained popularity due to its selectivity. Previous research has shown that consecutive low-dose H2O2 are far more effective in suppressing cyanobacteria than a single higher dose, minimizing damage to co-existing organisms in the aquatic ecosystem. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying this sensitivity by monitoring the progression from oxidative stress to cell death in Microcystis induced by consecutive low doses of H2O2 (3 + 5 mg/L, with an interval time of 4 h). The initial application of H2O2 (3 mg/L) resulted in a rapid increase in the transcription of antioxidant genes (gpx, 2-cys prx, trxA and sod) within 1 h, and returned to baseline levels within 8 h. The addition of a second H2O2 led to a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (gene and product) and glutathione within 24 h. The cell death following consecutive H2O2 stress was classified as regulated cell death (RCD), characterized by the upregulated metacaspase genes, increased caspase-like activity, modulation of the mazEF system, DNA fragmentation, cell vacuolization, and membrane disruption. Interestingly, the RCD process coincided with the fluctuation of glutathione cycle. Validation experiments demonstrated that exogenous glutathione can promote the gene expression and activity of metacaspase, while inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis led to decreased intracellular glutathione and suppressed metacaspase activity and gene expression. Therefore, glutathione may play a vital role in the connection between oxidative stress and RCD during consecutive H2O2 treatment. These results reveal the inherent vulnerability of Microcystis to consecutive oxidative stress, providing a biological mechanism for a sustainable strategy to mitigate cyanobacterial bloom.

The High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and the Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (CHR) is a novel biomarker associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CHR and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional research included 10,917 individuals who underwent PCI. CI-AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDIGO) standard. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between CHR and CI-AKI, followed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of participants to assess the clinical diagnostic performance of CHR on CI-AKI. Results: A total of 1037 patients (9.50%) developed CI-AKI after PCI. The age of individuals averaged 64.1 ± 11.1 years old, with 2511 females (23.0%). A multivariate logistic regression study revealed that higher CHR levels were linked to higher CI-AKI incidence rates ([Q4 vs. Q1]: odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.42 to 2.54], p < 0.001). A restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear association between CHR and CI-AKI. ROC analysis indicated that CHR was an excellent predictor of CI-AKI (area under ROC curve = 0.606, 95% CI [0.588 to 0.624]). Conclusions: A high CHR level is strongly associated with increased CI-AKI incidence, suggesting that CHR may be an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. Clinical Trial registration: NCT05050877. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05050877?tab=results.

Epileptic seizure prediction via multidimensional transformer and recurrent neural network fusion.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder in which seizures cause recurrent episodes of unconsciousness or muscle convulsions, seriously affecting the patient's work, quality of life, and health and safety. Timely prediction of seizures is critical for patients to take appropriate therapeutic measures. Accurate prediction of seizures remains a challenge due to the complex and variable nature of EEG signals. The study proposes an epileptic seizure model based on a multidimensional Transformer with recurrent neural network(LSTM-GRU) fusion for seizure classification of EEG signals. METHODOLOGY: Firstly, a short-time Fourier transform was employed in the extraction of time-frequency features from EEG signals. Second, the extracted time-frequency features are learned using the Multidimensional Transformer model. Then, LSTM and GRU are then used for further learning of the time and frequency characteristics of the EEG signals. Next, the output features of LSTM and GRU are spliced and categorized using the gating mechanism. Subsequently, seizure prediction is conducted. RESULTS: The model was tested on two datasets: the Bonn EEG dataset and the CHB-MIT dataset. On the CHB-MIT dataset, the average sensitivity and average specificity of the model were 98.24% and 97.27%, respectively. On the Bonn dataset, the model obtained about 99% and about 98% accuracy on the binary classification task and the tertiary upper classification task, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of the experimental investigation demonstrate that our model is capable of exploiting the temporal and frequency characteristics present within EEG signals.

A(CoFe)(S2)2/CoFe heterostructure constructed in S, N co-doped carbon nanotubes as an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery.

Transition metal alloys can exhibit synergistic intermetallic effects to obtain high activities for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). However, due to the insufficient stability of active sites in alkaline electrolytes, conventional alloy catalysts still do not meet practical needs. Herein, by using polypyrrole tubes and cobalt-iron (CoFe) Prussian blue analogs as precursors, CoFe sulfides is in-situ formed on CoFe alloys to construct (CoFe)(S2)2/CoFe heterostructure in sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) co-doped carbon nanotubes (CoFe@NCNTs-nS) via a low-temperature sulfidation strategy. The as-marked CoFe@NCNTs-12.5S exhibits a comparable ORR activity (half-wave potential of 0.901 V) to Pt/C (0.903 V) and a superior OER activity (overpotential of 272 mV at 10 mA cm-2) to RuO2 (299 mV). CoFe@NCNTs-12.5S also exhibits ultralow charge transfer resistances (ORR-6.36 Ω and OER-0.21 Ω) and an excellent potential difference of 0.617 V. The sulfidation-induced (CoFe)(S2)2/CoFe heterojunctions can accelerate interfacial charge transfer process. Tubular structure not only disperses the (CoFe)(S2)2/CoFe heterostructure, but also reduces the corrosion of active-sites to enhance catalysis stability. Zinc-air battery with CoFe@NCNTs-12.5S achieves a high specific capacity (718.1 mAh g-1), maintaining a voltage gap of 0.957 V after 400 h. This work reveals the potential of interface engineering for boosting ORR/OER activities of alloys via in-situ heterogenization.

Enhanced emulsification properties of microalgae protein through gellan gum conjugation: Mechanistic insights and applications in curcumin encapsulation and delivery.

The emulsification properties of microalgae protein (MP) are poor, especially under acidic and neutral conditions, which may limit the broad applications of MP in food processing. This study aims to explore the effects of gellan gum (GG) on the emulsification properties of MP. Firstly, MP-GG complexes were prepared and their structures characterized. Subsequently, MP-GG complexes stabilized emulsions were prepared and their stability evaluated. Finally, these emulsions were employed for the encapsulation and delivery of curcumin to evaluate their potential as an efficient nutrient delivery medium. Results indicated that MP-GG complexes were formed under various pH conditions, with pH 6 identified as optimal for complexes stability (zeta-potential value was -31 mV). UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that GG did not significantly alter the MP's structure but induced slight conformational changes, leading to the burial of some amino acid residues. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that MP-GG complexes were stabilized by strong electrostatic repulsions. The increase of GG content was conducive to providing more negative charge and promoting the dissolution and dispersion of the MP-GG complexes (MP: GG = 1: 1). Emulsions stabilized by MP-GG complexes exhibited smaller droplet sizes and improved stability compared to those stabilized by MP alone, especially at oil phase volume fractions of 60 % and 70 %. Rheological analysis indicated that GG enhanced emulsion stability by increasing viscosity, and higher oil phase volume fractions facilitated better MP-GG complexes adsorption on oil droplets, strengthening network structures of emulsions. During in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, emulsions with a 70 % oil phase exhibited higher curcumin retention rate (31.09 %) and lower curcumin bioaccessibility (13.23 %) compared to those with a 60 % oil phase. This suggests that emulsions with higher oil phase volume fractions may be more suitable for colon-targeted curcumin delivery, with potential applications in promoting colon health. These findings confirm that the complexation of MP and GG was an effective way to improve the emulsification properties of MP. Emulsions stabilized by MP-GG complexes can serve as stable nutritional delivery systems for fat-soluble bioactive compounds.

Targeting osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 to combat high-fat diet-induced bone loss and obesity.

Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) action is linked to various metabolic disorders. Recent findings suggest that disrupting skeletal GC signaling prevents bone loss and alleviates metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, underpinning the neglected contribution of skeletal GC action to obesity and related bone loss. Here, we show that the elevated expression of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1), the enzyme driving local GC activation, and GC signaling in osteoblasts, are associated with bone loss and obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Osteoblast-specific 11ß-HSD1 knockout male mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced bone loss and metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, elevated 11ß-HSD1 restrains glucose uptake and osteogenic activity in osteoblast. Pharmacologically inhibiting osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 by using bone-targeted 11ß-HSD1 inhibitor markedly promotes bone formation, ameliorates glucose handling and mitigated obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 directly contributes to HFD-induced bone loss, glucose handling impairment and obesity.

The use of peripheral nerve block decrease incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction following orthopedic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) frequently occur following orthopedic surgery and are closely associated with adverse prognosis. PNDs are an emerging concept that includes both postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD). The prevention of combined use of peripheral nerve block (PNB) and general anesthesia (GA) on POCD and/or POD incidence following orthopedic surgery remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of this combined anesthesia method on POCD/POD incidence after orthopedic surgery, compared with GA. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase via Ovid, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The incidence of POD/POCD was the primary outcome. Continuous and dichotomous outcomes are represented as standardized mean differences [SMD, 95% confidence interval (CI)] and risk ratios [RR, 95%CI], respectively. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of twelve RCTs with a total of 1488 patients revealed that compared with GA, PNB plus GA decreased the incidence of POCD (RR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.35 to 0.95, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), while the incidence of POD had no significant difference (RR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.54 to 1.40, P = 0.57, I2 = 67%). Compared with GA alone, a significant decrease of intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption (SMD: -1.54, 95%CI: -2.26 to -0.82, P < 0.0001, I2 = 89%; SMD: -7.00, 95%CI: -9.89 to -4.11, P < 0.00001, I2 = 99%) and postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence (RR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.06 to 0.44, P = 0.0004, I2 = 0%) was found with PNB plus GA. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of PNB and GA decreases the incidence of POCD but not POD following orthopedic surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol of this study was registered with PROSPERO (Registration Number: CRD42022366454).

Functional analysis of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 under low-phosphate stress in maize.

The PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE REGULATOR (PHR) plays a crucial regulatory role in plants during the process of responding to phosphate starvation. In this study, we combined reverse genetics and biotechnology to investigate the function of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2, including proteins containing the Myb_DNA_banding and Myb_CC-LHEQLE structural domains, in maize seedlings. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 have high homology with AtPHR1 and OsPHR2, and share the characteristic features of nuclear localisation and transcriptional self-activation. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that low phosphate (Pi) stress significantly induced the expression of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 in maize seedling stage, and candidate gene association analysis further revealed the close association of these two genes with root traits under Pi stress conditions. Transgenic plants overexpressing ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 in Arabidopsis show a significant increase in lateral root number, fresh weight and total phosphorus accumulation under low-Pi stress. Besides, CHIP-PCR experiments identified target genes involved in hormone regulation, metal ion transport and homeostasis, phosphatase encoding, and photosynthesis, providing new insights into the biological functions of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2. Furthermore, our study showed that ZmPHR1 interacts with six SPX domain-only proteins (ZmSPXs) in maize, while ZmPHR2 interacts with five of these proteins. ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 expression was repressed in low Pi conditions, but was up-regulated in ZmSPX1 knockout material, according to our study of transgenic seedlings overexpressing ZmSPX1 in maize. We identified downstream target genes involved in the phosphorus signaling pathway, which are mainly involved in plant-pathogen interactions, ascorbic acid and arabinose metabolism, and ABC transporter proteins, by RNA-seq analysis of transgenic seedlings grown under low Pi stress for 7 days. Collectively, these results provide important clues to elucidate the role and functional significance of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 under low Pi stress and also provide insights into understand the molecular mechanism of phosphorus homeostasis in maize. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01508-2.

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to study the potential mechanism of Jiawei Yinchenhao decoction in chronic hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally and continues to pose a significant global health challenge. Jiawei Yinchenhao decoction (JWYCH) is a modified version of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD), which is widely used to treat liver diseases including icteric hepatitis, cholelithiasis, and hepatic ascites. However, the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of JWYCH on CHB are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of JWYCH on CHB and explore the underlying mechanism via network pharmacology and metabolomics. C57BL/6 mice were administered rAAV-HBV1.3 via hydrodynamic injection (HDI) to establish the CHB model. The infected mice were orally administered JWYCH for 4 weeks. HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, the serum liver function index, and histopathology were detected. In addition, network pharmacology was used to investigate potential targets, whereas untargeted metabolomics analysis was employed to explore the hepatic metabolic changes in JWYCH in CHB mice and identify relevant biomarkers and metabolic pathways. JWYCH was able to reduce HBeAg levels and improve liver pathological changes in mice with CHB. Additionally, metabolomics analysis indicated that JWYCH can influence 105 metabolites, including pipecolic acid, alpha-terpinene, adenosine, and L-phenylalanine, among others. Bile acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and retinol metabolism are suggested to be potential targets of JWYCH in CHB. In conclusion, JWYCH demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect on a mouse model of CHB, suggesting a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for CHB. The effect of JWYCH is associated mainly with regulating the metabolism of bile acid, arachidonic acid, and retinol. These differentially abundant metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CHB.

Associations of serum Dickkopf-1 levels with disease severity and 90-day Prognosis after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the prospective cohort study.

Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) may be involved in inflammatory response and secondary brain injury after acute brain injury. We gauged serum DKK-1 levels and further assessed its correlation with disease severity and investigated its predictive value for 90-day prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Serum DKK-1 levels were measured in 128 sICH patients and 128 healthy controls. The severity of sICH was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and hematoma volumes. Poor prognosis was referred to as a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 1-3 at 90 days after stroke. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations of serum DKK-1 levels with disease severity, early neurological deterioration (END) and poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was built to investigate the prognostic predictive capability. The serum DKK-1 levels of patients were significantly higher than those of controls (median, 4.74 ng/mL versus 1.98 ng/mL; P < 0.001), and were independently correlated with hematoma volumes (ρ = 0.567, P < 0.001; t = 3.444, P = 0.001) and GCS score (ρ = -0.612, P < 0.001; t = -2.048, P = 0.043). Serum DKK-1 significantly differentiated patients at risk of END (area under ROC curve (AUC), 0.850; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.777-0.907; P < 0.001) and poor prognosis (AUC, 0.830; 95% CI, 0.753-0.890; P < 0.001), which had similar prognostic ability, as compared to GCS scores and hematoma volumes. Subsequent Logistic regression model affirmed that GCS score, hematoma volume, and serum DKK-1 levels were independently associated with END and poor prognosis at 90 days after sICH. The models, which contained them, performed well using ROC curve analysis and calibration curve analysis. Serum DKK-1 levels are markedly associated with disease severity, END and 90-day poor prognosis in sICH. Hence, serum DKK-1 is presumed to be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of sICH.

Identifying latent subtypes of symptom trajectories in major depressive disorder patients and their predictors.

This study aimed to identify different symptom trajectories based on the severity of depression symptoms within a 2-month follow-up, and to explore predictive factors for different symptom trajectories. Three hundred and ninety-two adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited from two longitudinal cohorts. Patients received antidepressant treatment as usual, and the depression symptoms were evaluated by the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17) at baseline, two weeks, and eight weeks. Based on the HAMD-17 scores, different trajectories of symptom change were distinguished by applying Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM). Furthermore, the baseline sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics were compared to identify potential predictors for different trajectories. Through GMM, three unique depressive symptom trajectories of MDD patients were identified: (1) mild-severity class with significant improvement (Mild, n = 255); (2) high-severity class with significant improvement (High, n = 39); (3) moderate-severity class with limited improvement (Limited, n = 98). Among the three trajectories, the Mild class had a relatively low level of anxiety symptoms at baseline, whereas the High class had the lowest education level and the worst cognitive performance. Additionally, participants in the Limited class exhibited an early age of onset and experienced a higher level of emotional abuse. MDD patients could be categorised into three distinct latent subtypes through different symptom trajectories in this study, and the characteristics of these subtype patients may inform identifications for trajectory-specific intervention targets.

Cancer immunotherapy of Wilms tumor: a narrative review.

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system in children. Though the traditional treatment of surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy achieves exciting clinical efficacy, in relapsed and refractory cases, the long-term overall survival rates are poor. Besides, chemotherapy and radiation have serious long-term toxic side effects on children. Cancer immunotherapy is a new tumor therapy that works by activating the body's immune system to allow immune cells to kill tumor cells more efficiently. Currently, cancer immunotherapy has been tested in clinical trials or basic studies in WT. This article reviews the current status of clinical trials and basic research of cancer immunotherapy in WT to promote the application of cancer immunotherapy in WT patients.

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Mechanistic study on the effect of hydroxypropyl corn starch, guar gum and compound phosphates on the freeze-thaw quality of quick-frozen kuey teow.

Kuey teow is one of the delicacies of Guangdong, China and is a gluten-free noodle dish made from rice. It has a short storage period and extending the shelf life by quick freezing induces quality deterioration due to temperature fluctuations. To improve its freeze-thaw frozen storage quality, this paper examined the effects of hydroxypropyl corn starch (HCS), guar gum (GG), and compound phosphates (CP) on the quality of quick-frozen kuey teow during freeze-thaw cycles. The mechanism was investigated by identifying changes in the moisture status, aging degree of the starch, and textural and cooking characteristics. The results showed that all three additions improved the toughness, chewiness and steaming characteristics of the kuey teow, with CP significantly enhancing chewiness. XRD and FTIR results revealed that GG more significantly inhibited the decrease of starch crystallinity, while HCS inhibited starch aging. GG, HCS and CP all improved the hydration characteristics and water holding capacity of rice starch. GG enhances the ability of starch to bind more tightly with water, resulting in a more uniform water distribution and a more continuous and tight structure of the kuey teow. This study will provide a theoretical basis for compounding and optimizing the quick-freezing of kuey teow.

The role of RNA modifications in hepatocellular carcinoma: functional mechanism and potential applications.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of RNA modifications in HCC progression, which indicates their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC. In this review, we discuss the functional role and molecular mechanisms of RNA modifications in HCC through a review and summary of relevant literature, to explore the potential therapeutic agents and biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic of HCC. This review indicates that specific RNA modification pathways, such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N7-methylguanosine, and N1-methyladenosine, are erroneously regulated and are involved in the proliferation, autophagy, innate immunity, invasion, metastasis, immune cell infiltration, and drug resistance of HCC. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC, as well as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC by targeting specific RNA-modifying enzymes or recognition proteins. More than ten RNA-modifying regulators showed the potential for use for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision utility biomarkers of HCC. Their application value for HCC biomarkers necessitates extensive multi-center sample validation in the future. A growing number of RNA modifier inhibitors are being developed, but the lack of preclinical experiments and clinical studies targeting RNA modification in HCC poses a significant obstacle, and further research is needed to evaluate their application value in HCC treatment. In conclusion, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the complex interplay between RNA modifications and HCC while emphasizing the promising potential of RNA modifications as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC.

Influencing factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in Shidu parents who have lost their only child: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: In China, parents who have lost their only child are referred to as Shidu parents (SDPs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and investigate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the development of PTSD. METHOD: Four hundred and thirty-six SDPs completed assessments of PTSD (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SCID-IV; The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-IV, CAPS-IV), depression (Hamilton depression scale), and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) via in-person interviews. Logistic regression and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association of demographic characteristics, depression, and anxiety symptoms with PTSD. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in SDPs was 14.45%. The comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms was 87.30% in the SDPs with PTSD. The logistic regression model, which included factors of gender, age, education, depression, and anxiety, which contributed to the development of PTSD, was significant [χ² (11) = 122.47, p < 0.001]. The hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female gender and the severity of comorbidities (depression and anxiety) were positively associated with the severity of PTSD. CONCLUSION: This study found that the severity of depression and anxiety was closely related to the severity of PTSD, supporting that SDPs are highly prone to the co-occurrence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety after bereavement. Our findings may provide more insights into the development of individualized interventions for parents who have experienced the loss of their only child.

The Impact of Frailty on the Toxic Reaction of Chemotherapy in Patients With Cervical Cancer: A Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal research on the impact of frailty on chemotherapy toxicity in patients with cervical cancer is limited. OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of frailty on chemotherapy toxicity in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-nine postoperative cervical cancer patients from a hospital located in Northwest China were enrolled between July 2020 and December 2021. Participating patients were followed up for 4 chemotherapy cycles after surgery. Frailty was measured using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Chemotherapy toxic reactions were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the effect of frailty on chemotherapy toxicity. RESULTS: Cox regression analysis showed that frailty could serve as an independent risk factor for total toxicity (hazard ratio [HR], 5.423; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.260-9.023; P < .001), nausea (HR, 3.967; 95% CI, 2.446-6.433; P < .001), and vomiting (HR, 3.081; 95% CI, 1.921-4.942; P < .001). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the white blood cell values of the frail group were lower than those of the nonfrail group (Fgroup effect = 4.172, P = .043), and the hemoglobin values of the frail group were lower than those of the nonfrail group (Fgroup effect = 6.589, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty can increase the risk of total chemotherapy toxicity, nausea, and vomiting. Frailty can reduce the white blood cell and hemoglobin values of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy cervical cancer patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Findings may assist healthcare providers in taking effective measures to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy.

Turning the industrially relevant marine alga Nannochloropsis red: one move for multifaceted benefits.

Nannochloropsis oceanica is an industrially relevant marine microalga rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, a valuable ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid), yet the algal production potential remains to be unlocked. Here we engineered N. oceanica to synthesize the high-value carotenoid astaxanthin independent of high-light (HL) induction for achieving multifaceted benefits. By screening ß-carotenoid ketolases and hydroxylases of various origins, and strategically manipulating compartmentalization, fusion patterns, and linkers of the enzyme pair, a remarkable 133-fold increase in astaxanthin content was achieved in N. oceanica. Iterative metabolic engineering efforts led to further increases in astaxanthin synthesis up to 7.3 mg g-1, the highest reported for microalgae under nonstress conditions. Astaxanthin was found in the photosystem components and allowed the alga HL resistance and augmented EPA production. Besides, we achieved co-production of astaxanthin and EPA by the engineered alga through a fed-batch cultivation approach. Our findings unveil the untapped potential of N. oceanica as a robust, light-driven chassis for constitutive astaxanthin synthesis and provide feasible strategies for the concurrent production of multiple high-value biochemicals from CO2, thereby paving the way for sustainable biotechnological applications of this alga.

Isolation of a NHC-stabilized heavier nitrile and its conversion into an isonitrile analogue.

Nitriles (R-C≡N) have been investigated since the late eighteenth century and are ubiquitous encounters in organic and inorganic syntheses. In contrast, heavier nitriles, which contain the heavier analogues of carbon and nitrogen, are sparsely investigated species. Here we report the synthesis and isolation of a phosphino-silylene featuring an N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene and a highly sterically demanding silyl group as substituents. Due to its unique structural motif, it can be regarded as a Lewis base-stabilized heavier nitrile. The Si-P bond displays multiple bond character and a bent R-Si-P geometry, the latter indicating fundamental differences between heavier and classical nitriles. In solution, a quantitative unusual rearrangement to a phosphasilenylidene occurs. This rearrangement is consistent with theoretical predictions of rearrangements from heavier nitriles to heavier isonitriles. Our preliminary reactivity studies revealed that both isomers exhibit highly nucleophilic silicon centres capable of oxidative addition and coordination to iron tetracarbonyl.

Stepwise-Induced Synthesis and Excellent Corrosion Protection of Ce/Eu Codoped ZnO Solid Solution Materials.

Under purely inorganic conditions, a synthesis route was devised wherein elements were introduced stepwise via coprecipitation based on differences in compound solubility. This synthesis method can change the microscopic morphology of the material without relying on a templating agent, resulting in the formation of the multilayered lamellar Ce/Eu codoped zinc oxide solid solution (ZCEOSS) with a self-assembled nested imbrication structure. The study improves the critical matter of corrosion by focusing on the electron and energy transfer mechanisms. By introduction of the bandgap modulator cerium element and fluorescence enhancer europium element into the ZnO material, the anticorrosion material has been successfully endowed with both photocathodic protection and luminescent initiative/stress dual corrosion defense functions. Due to the energy level staircase protection mechanism synergistically generated by the 4f electron shell of rare-earth elements in concert with semiconductor zinc oxide, the energy band positions were modulated to progressively guide the direction of electron flow, thereby suppressing corrosion reactions. In particular, the ZCEOSS material synthesized by doping 1% cerium and 7% europium and adding rare-earth elements at pH 7 exhibited the best corrosion inhibition performance. After immersion in simulated seawater for 96 h, Tafel polarization test results showed that compared to epoxy resin and ZnO anticorrosion systems, the ZCEOSS anticorrosion system exhibited significantly improved corrosion inhibition efficiency with enhancements of 1028.3 and 402.9%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the development of highly efficient inorganic anticorrosion materials.