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BACKGROUND: Attentional bias may influence the emotional experiences of breast cancer patients, both positively and negatively. This study aimed to investigate attentional bias in breast cancer patients and its impact on their emotions. METHOD: Thirty-eight breast cancer patients completed a modified dot-probe task and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale to assess attentional bias and emotional states. Attentional bias was measured by analyzing response times to different stimuli in the modified dot-probe task. Emotional stimuli included 80 pairs of facial images depicting sad-neutral, fearful-neutral, happy-neutral, and neutral-neutral expressions. Attentional bias components were observed at stimulus presentation durations of 300 ms and 1500 ms. Differences in emotional responses among breast cancer patients with varying attentional biases were compared. RESULTS: Breast cancer patients exhibited attentional avoidance of sad and happy stimuli at 300 ms. Further analysis revealed that patients who exhibited attentional avoidance of sad stimuli at 300 ms reported higher levels of anxiety and stress. Those with attentional avoidance of fearful stimuli at 1500 ms reported increased anxiety, while individuals showing attentional avoidance of happy stimuli or difficulty disengaging from happy stimuli at 1500 ms reported higher levels of depression and stress. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients demonstrated an attentional bias toward emotional stimuli, particularly avoidance of sad and happy stimuli in 300 ms. Different components of attentional bias were associated with distinct negative emotional outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and spinal degenerative disorders (SDD) are common diseases that frequently coexist. However, both traditional observational studies and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated conflicting evidence on the association between T2DM and SDD. This comparative study explored and compared the association between T2DM and SDD using observational and MR analyses. METHODS: For observational analyses, cross-sectional studies (44,972 participants with T2DM and 403,095 participants without T2DM), case-control studies (38,234 participants with SDD and 409,833 participants without SDD), and prospective studies (35,550 participants with T2DM and 392,046 participants without T2DM with follow-up information until 2022) were performed to test the relationship between T2DM and SDD using individual-level data from the U.K. Biobank from 2006 to 2022. For MR analyses, the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms with SDD susceptibility obtained using participant data from the U.K. Biobank, which had 407,938 participants from 2006 to 2022, and the FinnGen Consortium, which had 227,388 participants from 2017 to 2022, and genetic predisposition to T2DM obtained using summary statistics from a pooled genome-wide association study involving 1,407,282 individuals were examined. The onset and severity of T2DM are not available in the databases being used. RESULTS: Participants with T2DM were more likely to have SDD than their counterparts. Logistic regression analysis identified T2DM as an independent risk factor for SDD, which was confirmed by the Cox proportional hazard model results. However, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, the MR analyses demonstrated no causal relationship between T2DM and SDD. The lack of such an association was robust in the sensitivity analysis, and no pleiotropy was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the association between T2DM and SDD may be method-dependent. Researchers and clinicians should be cautious in interpreting the association, especially the causal association, between T2DM and SDD. Our findings provide fresh insights into the association between T2DM and SDD by various analysis methods and guide future research and clinical efforts in the effective prevention and management of T2DM and SDD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Female , Male , Case-Control Studies , Middle Aged , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Aged , Genome-Wide Association StudyABSTRACT
Background: Psychological distress is highly prevalent and has a severe impact on the quality of life among breast cancer survivors. This type of distress is associated with cognitive failure. However, previous studies have focused solely on the total scale scores of these two concepts while ignoring the unique relationship between specific components. In the present study, we utilized network analysis to explore the relationship between psychological distress and cognitive failure in breast cancer survivors. Methods: The network analysis approach was adopted to estimate the regularized partial correlation network in a cross-sectional sample of 409 breast cancer survivors. All participants were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. The Gaussian Graphical Model was employed to estimate the network, centrality indices, and edge weights, providing a description of the characteristics of the network. Results: The results indicated that anxiety-stress and depression-stress were the strongest edges in the community of psychological distress. Distractibility-memory was the strongest edge in the community of cognitive failure. Distractibility and memory were the most central nodes, with the highest expected influence in the network. Depression and motor coordination acted as important bridge nodes with the highest bridge expected influence. Conclusion: Distractibility and memory in cognitive failure played important roles in activating and maintaining the relationship network. Motor coordination was identified as the crucial pathway for the impact of cognitive failure on psychological distress. Interventions targeting these specific issues might be more effective in improving cognitive failure and reducing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors.
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Actins , Breast Neoplasms , Calgranulin A , Calgranulin B , Cell Movement , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Actins/metabolism , Calgranulin B/metabolism , Calgranulin B/genetics , Calgranulin A/metabolism , Calgranulin A/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/genetics , PolymerizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Each year, tens of thousands of people worldwide choose to undergo cosmetic surgery in order to alter their appearance. In recent years, young people have gradually emerged to comprise the main driving force behind the increasing demand for cosmetic surgery. Previous studies have found that sexism may motivate young people to undergo such surgeries. However, few studies have been conducted to determine if this psychological mechanism influences the acceptance of cosmetic surgery among Chinese university students. METHODS: A total of 579 Chinese university students (280 girls and 299 boys, 17-20 years) volunteered to participate in the online survey. They completed a questionnaire containing the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Gender-Role Attitudes Questionnaire and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. We firstly evaluated the underlying factor structure of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and exploring pattern of associations between the constructs was analyzed via path analysis. RESULTS: According to the findings, hostile sexism was associated with greater levels of acceptance toward cosmetic surgery. Moreover, gender-role attitudes mediated the link between hostile sexism and the acceptance of cosmetic surgery, and this mediation was positively influenced by general mental health. CONCLUSION: Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of Chinese university students' attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, hostile sexism may contribute to normalizing traditional gender stereotypes and encourage cosmetic surgery acceptability among Chinese university students. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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The existing one-time identity authentication technology cannot continuously guarantee the legitimacy of user identity during the whole human-computer interaction session, and often requires active cooperation of users, which seriously limits the availability. This study proposes a new non-contact identity recognition technology based on cardiac micro-motion detection using ultra wideband (UWB) bio-radar. After the multi-point micro-motion echoes in the range dimension of the human heart surface area were continuously detected by ultra wideband bio-radar, the two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D-PCA) was exploited to extract the compressed features of the two-dimensional image matrix, namely the distance channel-heart beat sampling point (DC-HBP) matrix, in each accurate segmented heart beat cycle for identity recognition. In the practical measurement experiment, based on the proposed multi-range-bin & 2D-PCA feature scheme along with two conventional reference feature schemes, three typical classifiers were selected as representatives to conduct the heart beat identification under two states of normal breathing and breath holding. The results showed that the multi-range-bin & 2D-PCA feature scheme proposed in this paper showed the best recognition effect. Compared with the optimal range-bin & overall heart beat feature scheme, our proposed scheme held an overall average recognition accuracy of 6.16% higher (normal respiration: 6.84%; breath holding: 5.48%). Compared with the multi-distance unit & whole heart beat feature scheme, the overall average accuracy increase was 27.42% (normal respiration: 28.63%; breath holding: 26.21%) for our proposed scheme. This study is expected to provide a new method of undisturbed, all-weather, non-contact and continuous identification for authentication.
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Heart , Principal Component Analysis , Humans , Heart/physiology , Algorithms , Heart Rate , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Motion , Biometric Identification/methods , RespirationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration and sarcopenia are both age-related diseases without effective treatments. Their comorbidities may worsen the prognosis, and further studies on interaction and therapy are needed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to compare the characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration with and without sarcopenia and effects of interferential current. METHODS: One hundred twenty disc degeneration patients were included from 2021 to 2022 in a single institute. Medical records, examination results and radiological reports were reviewed. Patients with sarcopenia were screened and grouped according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. VAS, ODI, SARC-F, SMI, gait speed (GS), grip strength, disc Pfirrmann grading, standard cross-sectional area (SCSA), degree of fatty infiltration (DFF), and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in intervertebral disc degeneration was 28.3%. The difference of VAS, ODI, disc Pfirrmann grading, SCSA, DFF and NCV between two groups were significant before intervention (P < 0.05), SCSA and DFF were related to the degree of disc degeneration. The improvement of SMI, GS, grip strength, VAS, SARC-F and ODI in intervertebral disc degeneration with sarcopenia group was significant after intervention, as well as SMI, GS, grip strength, VAS and ODI in those without sarcopenia (P < 0.05). The improvement of grip strength, GS, ODI and SARC-F in intervertebral disc degeneration with sarcopenia group were greater than the one without sarcopenia (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significance in improvement degree of other indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sarcopenia was high in intervertebral disc degeneration, and paravertebral muscles degeneration correlated with the degree of disc degeneration. Compared to those without sarcopenia, intervertebral disc degeneration patients with sarcopenia have more severe pain, poorer mobility and neurological function. Interferential current is effective in intervertebral disc degeneration patients and sarcopenia patients.
Subject(s)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration , Intervertebral Disc , Sarcopenia , Humans , Aged , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/diagnostic imaging , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sarcopenia/diagnostic imaging , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Lumbar Vertebrae , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To find out if three-dimensional printing (3DP) off-the-shelf (OTS) prosthesis is superior to titanium mesh cages in anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) when treating single-segment degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy (DCSM). METHODS: DCSM patients underwent ACCF from January 2016 to January 2019 in a single center were included. Patients were divided into the 3DP group (28) and the TMC group (23). The hospital stays, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the cost of hospitalization were compared. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were recorded pre-operatively, 1 day, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-operatively. Radiological data was measured to evaluate fusion, subsidence, and cervical lordosis. Patients were sent with SF-36 to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: The differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay were not statistically significant between groups (p > 0.05). Postoperative dysphagia occurred in 2 cases in the 3DP group and 3 cases in the TMC group, which all relieved one week later. The difference in improvement of JOA and NDI between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No hardware failure was found and bony fusion was achieved in all cases except one in the 3DP group. The difference in cervical lordosis (CL), fused segmental angle (FSA), mean vertebral height (MVH), and subsidence rates between groups at each follow-up time point was not statistically significant and the results of the SF-36 were similar (p > 0.05). The total cost was higher in the 3DP group with its higher graft cost (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In treating single-segment DCSM with ACCF, both 3DP OTS prosthesis and TMC achieved satisfactory outcomes. However, the more costly 3DP OTS prosthesis was not able to reduce subsidence as it claimed.
Subject(s)
Artificial Limbs , Lordosis , Spinal Cord Diseases , Spinal Fusion , Humans , Blood Loss, Surgical , Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Lordosis/surgery , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Quality of Life , Spinal Cord Diseases/surgery , Spinal Fusion/adverse effects , Spinal Fusion/methods , Surgical Mesh , Titanium , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Vertebral augmentation, including percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or kyphoplasty (PKP), is the current least invasive surgical option and has been widely used to treat the painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). However, the postoperative infections could be life-threatening, even though they rarely occur. Our studies aim to clarify the causation and outcomes of spinal infections following augmentation and meanwhile to identify the risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with OVCF who underwent PVP or PKP, and were subsequently admitted to our institution with postoperative spinal infection between January 2010 and December 2022. A total of 33 patients were finally included. RESULTS: The rate of spinal infection after augmentation in our single institute was 0.05% (2/3893). In addition to these 2 patients, the remaining 31 were referred from other hospitals. All 33 patients exhibited elevated inflammatory parameters, 14 patients presented with fever, and 9 patients experienced neurological deficits. Additionally, 29 patients had comorbidity and risk factors. Pathogens were identified in 26 patients, while only 7 patients were examined as culture negative. 27 patients underwent revision surgery and 6 patients only received conservative therapy. Anterior surgery was performed in 2 patients, while posterior surgery was performed in 20 patients. A combined anterior-posterior surgery was performed in 5 patients. At the final follow-up, 18 patients had unrestricted mobility, 10 patients required assistance from crutches or a walker for ambulation, 4 patients needed a wheelchair, and 1 patients died after revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal infection after vertebral augmentation is rare, but it cannot be ignored. Surgeons should make every effort to detect the potential preoperative spondylitis or discitis. Once postoperative spinal infection is confirmed, a prompt intravenous antibiotic therapy is warranted. If medication therapy fails, revision surgery involving debridement and spinal reconstruction should be considered.
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Fractures, Compression , Kyphoplasty , Osteoporotic Fractures , Spinal Fractures , Vertebroplasty , Humans , Vertebroplasty/adverse effects , Fractures, Compression/etiology , Fractures, Compression/surgery , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Spinal Fractures/complications , Retrospective Studies , Spine , Kyphoplasty/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Bone Cements/therapeutic useABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex, chronic psychiatric disorder typically triggered by life-threatening events and, as yet, lacks a specialized pharmacological treatment. The potential therapeutic role of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, in mitigating PTSD has been the subject of investigation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate alterations in the glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) signaling pathway in response to ketamine intervention, using the single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD at a molecular level. METHODS: PTSD-like symptoms were simulated using the SPS model. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and GSK-3ß antagonist SB216763 (5 mg/kg) were then administered intraperitoneally. Stress-related behavior was evaluated through the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze test (EMPT). Additionally, brain activity was analyzed using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Changes in protein and mRNA expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GSK-3ß, phosphorylated ser-9 GSK-3ß (p-GSK-3ß), FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were assessed in the hypothalamus via western blot and qPCR. RESULTS: SPS-exposed rats exhibited reduced distance and time spent in the center of the open arms, a pattern divergent from control rats. qEEG readings revealed SPS-induced increases in alpha power, low gamma and high gamma power. Furthermore, SPS triggered an upregulation in the protein and gene expression of GSK-3ß, GR, BDNF, p-GSK-3ß, and FKBP5, and downregulated CRH expression in the hypothalamus. Ketamine administration following the SPS procedure counteracted these changes by increasing the time spent in the center of the OFT, the distance traversed in the open arms of the EMPT, and mitigating SPS-induced alterations in cerebral cortex oscillations. Moreover, ketamine reduced the protein levels of GSK-3ß, GR, p-GSK-3ß, and altered the ratio of p-GSK-3ß to GSK-3ß. Gene expression of GSK-3ß, GR, BDNF, and FKBP5 decreased in the SPS-Ket group compared to the SPS-Sal group. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine appeared to remediate the abnormal GSK-3ß signaling pathway induced by SPS. These findings collectively suggest that ketamine could be a promising therapeutic agent for PTSD symptoms, working through the modulation of the GSK-3ß signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Ketamine , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Rats , Animals , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism , Rodentia/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Ketamine/pharmacology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Corticotropin-Releasing HormoneABSTRACT
Oldest-old is the fastest growing segment of society. A substantial number of these individuals are cognitively impaired or demented. Given the lack of a cure, attention is directed to lifestyle interventions that could help alleviate the stress in patients, their families, and society. The aim of this review was to identify lifestyle factors with important roles in dementia prevention in oldest-old. Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. We identified 27 observational cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that eating a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables, and participation in leisure and physical activities may protect against cognitive decline and cognitive impairment among oldest-old regardless of the APOE genotype. Combined lifestyles may generate multiplicative effects than individual factors. This is the first review known to systematically examine the association between lifestyle and cognitive health in oldest-old. Lifestyle interventions for diet, leisure, or a combination of lifestyles could be beneficial for cognitive function in oldest-old. Interventional studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Dementia , Humans , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/prevention & control , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Cognition , Life Style , DietABSTRACT
Introduction: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been shown to help treat depression. However, little is known about the patient's experiences with ACT. This study aimed to learn how it was used in adolescents with major depressive disorder who have achieved good treatment outcomes. Methods: Five adolescents with major depressive disorder with good treatment outcomes of ACT were enrolled in the semi-structured qualitative interview and analyzed using systematic textual condensation and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Four primary themes emerged from the investigation. "Therapist relationships and characteristics" describes the therapist's receptiveness and respect for adolescents with depression and having a trustworthy and sincere therapist. "Spaces to explore and experience" describes the ongoing process and content of acceptance of negative emotions and mindfulness practices in the healing process. "Do important things" refers to values and committed action. The "time settings" include the frequency and duration of treatment. Conclusion: Adolescents make positive changes with a receptive and respectful therapist by exploring themselves in a genuine and trusting therapeutic relationship. Improvement seems to come from being open to all thoughts and feelings and developing the ability to live in the present moment. Teenagers attach great importance to value-oriented behaviour. Therefore, treatment should target the critical areas of depressed adolescents to guide them towards recovery effectively.
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Disturbances in chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in osteoarthritis (OA) are a major cause of OA and potentially lead to personal disability, placing a huge burden on society. Chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM catabolism have a major role in the OA process. Firstly, bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OA, and serine palmitoyltransferase subunit 2 (SPTLC2) was chosen, which had high-level expression in the OA cartilage tissues and OA chondrocytes. Overexpression and knockdown of SPTLC2 were achieved in OA chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes respectively to study the effect of SPTLC2 upon ECM metabolism of chondrocytes. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using MTT and flow cytometry analyses; SPTLC2 overexpression enhanced the OA chondrocyte viability and decreased apoptotic rate. In addition, Western blot detection of ECM-related factors (Collagen I, Collage II, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) revealed that SPTLC2 overexpression promoted the expression of collagens (Collagen I and Collage II) and suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) level. In contrast, SPTLC2 knockdown in normal chondrocytes showed opposite effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and ECM degeneration. The articular cartilage of OA rats was transfected with lentivirus overexpressing SPTLC2; HE and Safranin-O fast green demonstrated that SPTLC2 overexpression could alleviate chondrocyte injuries and slow down the development of OA. In conclusion, SPTLC2 plays a role in OA and may be a potential target gene for the treatment of OA.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular , Osteoarthritis , Rats , Animals , Chondrocytes/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/genetics , Osteoarthritis/genetics , Osteoarthritis/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Apoptosis/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: UAV-based multispectral detection and identification technology for ground injured human targets, is a novel and promising unmanned technology for public health and safety IoT applications, such as outdoor lost injured searching and battlefield casualty searching, and our previous research has demonstrated its feasibility. However, in practical applications, the searched human target always exhibits low target-background contrast relative to the vast and diverse surrounding environment, and the ground environment also shifts randomly during the UAV cruise process. These two key factors make it difficult to achieve highly robust, stable, and accurate recognition performance under the cross-scene situation. Methods: This paper proposes a cross-scene multi-domain feature joint optimization (CMFJO) for cross-scene outdoor static human target recognition. Results: In the experiments, we first investigated the impact severity of the cross-scene problem and the necessity to solve it by designing 3 typical single-scene experiments. Experimental results show that although a single-scene model holds good recognition capability for its scenes (96.35% in desert scenes, 99.81% in woodland scenes, and 97.39% in urban scenes), its recognition performance for other scenes deteriorates sharply (below 75% overall) after scene changes. On the other hand, the proposed CMFJO method was also validated using the same cross-scene feature dataset. The recognition results for both individual scene and composite scene show that this method could achieve an average classification accuracy of 92.55% under cross-scene situation. Discussion: This study first tried to construct an excellent cross-scene recognition model for the human target recognition, named CMFJO method, which is based on multispectral multi-domain feature vectors with scenario-independent, stable and efficient target recognition capability. It will significantly improve the accuracy and usability of UAV-based multispectral technology method for outdoor injured human target search in practical applications and provide a powerful supporting technology for public safety and health.
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BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the leading causes of avoidable suffering and premature death worldwide, leading to the disease burden among mental disorders. Depression-related deaths can be prevented by developing and implementing good depression prevention and treatment policies. The goal of this study is to provide theoretical direction and useful references for examining the outstanding service work of depression prevention and treatment. It also aims to describe how depression prevention and treatment policies were developed and put into practice in China, along with the associated facilitators and barriers. METHODS: We integrated two data sources using a case study approach: a document review of relevant policy documents, published articles and reports between 2004 and 2022 (N = 12 papers) and in-depth interviews (N = 41). Participants were drawn from pertinent sectors to managing depression: research and academia, relevant government departments, health care providers, people with depression and their families, and community organisations. Thematic analysis was used to analyse all data. RESULTS: A comprehensive programme of work exploring specific services for depression prevention and treatment was developed in China in 2020. Facilitators of policy development and implementation include (1) political commitment and strong leadership, (2) coordination mechanisms, (3) stakeholder enthusiasm and commitment, (4) resources, and (5) the use of digital technologies. The main barriers leading to delays in policy development and implementation include (1) insufficient awareness and lack of depression literacy, (2) lack of resources and (3) stigma and social discrimination (4) lack of united action. CONCLUSION: Although the process of implementing a distinctive service programme for depression prevention and treatment in China has been long, the current policy is in line with current global efforts. Strategies to reduce Stigma and increase knowledge about depression are part of a national and international approach to reducing the burden of depression. Political commitment and the involvement of all stakeholders remain necessary. An adequate response to depression will require the involvement of society as a whole, with joint action to reduce the risk of exposure to adversity and enhance protective factors.
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Depression , Mental Disorders , Humans , Policy Making , Health Personnel , Policy , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. PKHB1, a serum-stable Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mimic peptide, has shown some effective ability in triggering cell death against several cancers. Here, we aimed to study the potential biological function of PKHB1 and its molecular mechanism in NSCLC. Our results revealed that PKHB1 significantly suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, cell migration, and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we found that PKHB1 treatment resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential depolarization, Ca2+ overloading as well as the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Mechanistically, PKHB1 induced NSCLC cells apoptosis in a CD47-independent manner. Further study revealed that PKHB1 provoked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress principally through the activation of CHOP and JNK signaling, which could be alleviated in the presence of 4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor. Furthermore, xenograft tumor models showed that PKHB1 treatment could notably inhibit NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PKHB1 exerted antitumor efficacy in NSCLC via triggering ER stress-mediated but CD47-independent apoptosis, potentially functioned as a promising peptide-based therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Thrombospondin 1/pharmacology , Thrombospondin 1/therapeutic use , CD47 Antigen/therapeutic use , Apoptosis , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Peptides/pharmacology , Peptides/therapeutic use , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
OBJECT: To investigate the stability and cost-effectiveness of the three-dimensional-printed (3DP) off-the-shelf (OTS) prosthesis in the reconstruction of the anterior column of the thoracic/lumbar spine after tumor resection. METHODS: Thirty-five patients (26 with primary malignant tumors and nine with metastatic malignant tumors) who underwent tumor resection and anterior column reconstruction between January 2014 and January 2019 were included in a single institute. Patients were divided into the 3DP OTS prosthesis (3DP) group (n = 14) and the titanium mesh cage (TMC) group (n = 21) by the type of implant. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, history of radiotherapy, surgical level and total cost were collected and compared between the two groups. Mechanical complications and radiological parameters including mean vertebral height, subsidence, fixation failure(nonunion, migration, screw loosening, rod breakage) rate were recorded at preoperation, 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after surgery then at 1 year interval or stop until the end of survival. The follow-up patients were also sent with short form-36 to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and questions about the current condition of their disease. RESULTS: The mean overall follow-up was 24.6 months. Of the 35 patients involved, six patients died and six were lost to follow-up. The differences between the two groups in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The differences in fixation failure and the subsidence rate between the two groups were not statistical significant (p > 0.05). The difference of subsidence rate between the cases with and without osteoporosis, cases with and without radiotherapy was statistically significant within each group (p < 0.05). However, the difference of subsidence rate between the surgical level above or below T10 was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The response rate of the questionnaire among the survived patients was 100% (23/23 patients). The results of the Short Form- (SF-)36 between the two groups were similar (p > 0.05). The total cost was higher in the 3DP group (p < 0.05) with its higher graft cost (p < 0.05), but the differences in internal fixation cost and other cost were not statistically significant between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared to TMC, the 3DP OTS prosthesis achieved similar clinical and radiological results in spinal anterior spinal column reconstruction of thoracic/lumbar spinal tumor resection. However, the 3DP OTS prosthesis was more expansive than TMC.
Subject(s)
Spinal Fusion , Spinal Neoplasms , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Titanium , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Blood Loss, Surgical , Surgical Mesh , Quality of Life , Spinal Fusion/methods , Bone Screws , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Printing, Three-DimensionalABSTRACT
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder with high morbidity and great social and economic relevance. However, extant pharmacotherapies of PTSD require long-term use to maintain effectiveness and have enormous side effects. The glutamatergic system, especially the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), is an important target of current research on the mechanism of PTSD. Postsynaptic AMPAR function and expression are known to be increased by (2R, 6R)-hydronorketamine (HNK), the primary metabolite of ketamine. However, whether (2R,6R)-HNK alleviates PTSD-like effects via AMPAR upregulation is yet to be known. In the present study, rats were exposed to single prolonged stress and electric foot shock (SPS&S). Afterwards, gradient concentrations of (2R,6R)-HNK (20, 50, and 100 µM) were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. Open field, elevated plus maze, freezing behavior, and forced swimming tests were used to examine PTSD-like symptoms. In addition, the protein levels of GluA1, BDNF and PSD-95 were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the synaptic ultrastructure of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that (2R,6R)-HNK changed SPS&S-induced behavioral expression, such as increasing autonomous activity and residence time in the open arm and decreasing immobility time. Likewise, (2R,6R)-HNK (50 µM) increased GluA1, BDNF, and PSD-95 protein expression in the PFC. Changes in synaptic ultrastructure induced by SPS&S were reversed by administration of (2R,6R)-HNK. Overall, we find that (2R,6R)-HNK can ameliorate SPS&S-induced fear avoidance in rats, as well as rat cognates of anxiety and depression. This may be related to GluA1-mediated synaptic plasticity in the PFC.
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Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its long-term psychological impacts, this study aimed to explore how empathy leads to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Chinese community workers. Guided by the revised PTG model, this study identified the relation between empathy and PTG using a multiple mediation model that included self-disclosure and social support as hypothesized mediators. This study utilized data from 414 Chinese adults aged 20 years or older who completed an online survey during the pandemic. Self-disclosure and social support were measured as mediating variables. The study variables were positively correlated with PTG. Empathy was positively correlated with self-disclosure and social support. After controlling for demographic covariates, the results indicated that self-disclosure and social support mediated the link between empathy and PTG in both parallel and sequential fashion. Empathy, self-disclosure, and social support played important roles in the growth of Chinese community workers. The present findings have been useful in increasing our understanding, policy programs, and interventions by governments or regional bodies to ameliorate community workers' PTG.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological , Adult , Humans , Pandemics , East Asian People , COVID-19/epidemiology , Social Support , Adaptation, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Most mental health problems develop during childhood and adolescence, so identifying the mental health needs and care pathways of adolescents is crucial to improving prevention. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of adolescent patients with mental disorders receiving psychotherapy in China. Data were collected retrospectively from the psychotherapy records of 116 patients at the Weifang Mental Health Centre. Information collected included demographics, stressors, duration of psychotherapy, and clinical diagnosis. Chi-square tests and negative binomial regression models were used to explore the relationship between demographic and clinical variables. The results showed that depression was the most common diagnosis, followed by anxiety and stress-related disorders and bipolar and related disorders. Rural patients were more likely to report family stress, while urban patients were more likely to report school stress. Female patients were more likely to report family stress and to be diagnosed with depression. Family stress, social stress, school stress, patient origin and economic conditions were all significant predictors of the duration of psychological treatment. This study helps to understand the characteristics and psychotherapeutic needs of adolescents with mental disorders who receive psychotherapy in China so that the positive role of psychotherapy in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of mental disorders can be better utilised.