Analyzing Medicago spp. seed morphology using GWAS and machine learning.

Alfalfa is widely recognized as an important forage crop. To understand the morphological characteristics and genetic basis of seed morphology in alfalfa, we screened 318 Medicago spp., including 244 Medicago sativa subsp. sativa (alfalfa) and 23 other Medicago spp., for seed area size, length, width, length-to-width ratio, perimeter, circularity, the distance between the intersection of length & width (IS) and center of gravity (CG), and seed darkness & red-green-blue (RGB) intensities. The results revealed phenotypic diversity and correlations among the tested accessions. Based on the phenotypic data of M. sativa subsp. sativa, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called against the Medicago truncatula genome. Genes in proximity to associated markers were detected, including CPR1, MON1, a PPR protein, and Wun1(threshold of 1E-04). Machine learning models were utilized to validate GWAS, and identify additional marker-trait associations for potentially complex traits. Marker S7_33375673, upstream of Wun1, was the most important predictor variable for red color intensity and highly important for brightness. Fifty-two markers were identified in coding regions. Along with strong correlations observed between seed morphology traits, these genes will facilitate the process of understanding the genetic basis of seed morphology in Medicago spp.

Advanced Oxidative Protein Products Had a Diagnostic Accuracy for Identifying Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Population.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem. Hyperglycemia stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative damage to proteins. AOPPs constitute a group of oxidized dityrosine-containing proteins that are generated during periods of oxidative stress. They have proved to be a valuable early marker of oxidative tissue damage and active mediators of inflammation associated with the uremic state. To analyze if advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs) have diagnostic accuracy for identifying chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the adult population. We conducted a diagnostic test validation study in 302 adults ≥20 years old, of both sexes, with and without T2D. After obtaining informed consent, a comprehensive clinical history, anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI) and blood pressure were recorded. Glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c and AOPPs were determinates. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) corrected by body surface area (BSA, mL/min/1.73 m2), CKD-EPI and MDRD equations to identify five stages of CKD. This study follows the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD). The median value of AOPPs was 198.32 µmol/L (minimum-maximum value: 113.48-522.42 µmol/L). The group with patients diagnosed with T2D exhibited higher concentrations (median: 487.39 µmol/L) compared to the non-diabetic group (median: 158.50 µmol/L, p = 0.0001). The selected cut-off point was ≥200 µmol/L using the closest to the median value of AOPPs with sensitivity and specificity as follows: C-G: sensitivity 96.58%; specificity 80%; likelihood ratio: 4.83; CKD-EPI: sensitivity 95.76%; specificity 79.89%; likelihood ratio: 4.76; MDRD: sensitivity 86.55%; specificity: 73.22%; likelihood ratio: 3.23. A difference was observed between AOPPs and chronic kidney disease stage. This study provides evidence that AOPPs ≥ 200 µmol/L have diagnostic accuracy in identifying stage 4-5 CKD by C-G, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations in adults with and without T2D.

STIGMA: Single-cell tissue-specific gene prioritization using machine learning.

Clinical exome and genome sequencing have revolutionized the understanding of human disease genetics. Yet many genes remain functionally uncharacterized, complicating the establishment of causal disease links for genetic variants. While several scoring methods have been devised to prioritize these candidate genes, these methods fall short of capturing the expression heterogeneity across cell subpopulations within tissues. Here, we introduce single-cell tissue-specific gene prioritization using machine learning (STIGMA), an approach that leverages single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data to prioritize candidate genes associated with rare congenital diseases. STIGMA prioritizes genes by learning the temporal dynamics of gene expression across cell types during healthy organogenesis. To assess the efficacy of our framework, we applied STIGMA to mouse limb and human fetal heart scRNA-seq datasets. In a cohort of individuals with congenital limb malformation, STIGMA prioritized 469 variants in 345 genes, with UBA2 as a notable example. For congenital heart defects, we detected 34 genes harboring nonsynonymous de novo variants (nsDNVs) in two or more individuals from a set of 7,958 individuals, including the ortholog of Prdm1, which is associated with hypoplastic left ventricle and hypoplastic aortic arch. Overall, our findings demonstrate that STIGMA effectively prioritizes tissue-specific candidate genes by utilizing single-cell transcriptome data. The ability to capture the heterogeneity of gene expression across cell populations makes STIGMA a powerful tool for the discovery of disease-associated genes and facilitates the identification of causal variants underlying human genetic disorders.

Nuevos registros de murciélagos para el Perú

Presentamos el primer registro de tres mamíferos pequeños voladores para el Perú en base a especímenes colectados entre 2007 y 2014. Estos son: Eumops glaucinus, en la selva baja del centro del Perú; Molossus bondae en el bosque tropical del Pacífico, y Promops nasutus en bosques montanos del sureste. Los nuevos registros incrementan la diversidad de mamíferos del Perú a 579 especies.

We presented the first record of three species bats for Peru based on specimens collected between 2007 and 2014. These are Eumops glaucinus, captured in the rainforest from the center of Peru, Molossus bondae captured in the Pacifico rainforest, and Promops nasutus, captured in the montane forests from southeastern. The new records increase the mammal diversity of Peru to 579 species.

Lesión autoinfligida y absceso cerebral secundario en un paciente con esquizofrenia / Self-inflicted injury and secondary cerebral abscess in a patient with schizophrenia

RESUMEN La lesión autoinfligida es un acto intencional de hacerse daño sin propósito suicida. El presente caso describe a un paciente esquizofrénico de 37 años de edad, que ha padecido 20 años con la enfermedad, y síntomas recientes de irritabilidad, agresividad, aislamiento, ideas de perjuicio y contaminación («tengo un estafilococo en mi cabeza¼). Durante 10 años utilizaba varios objetos, incluido un bisturí con el que llegó a remover (extirpar) parte de la calota, ocasionando un edema vasogénico en la región córtico-fronto-parietal izquierda que produjo hemiparesia braquiocrural derecha y motivó su admisión. Luego de descartarse un accidente cerebrovascular o tumor cerebral, fue intervenido quirúrgicamente para la extracción de un absceso cerebral. Recibió varios fármacos antipsicóticos con respuesta parcial, y más tarde mejoró con la administración de paliperidona. En casos como este, es necesario un tamizaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos para evitar evolución y pronóstico tórpidos en pacientes esquizofrénicos con lesiones autoinfligidas y con historia de pobre respuesta y adherencia al tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Self-injury is the intentional act of causing harm to oneself, without suicidal purposes. This case report describes a 37-year-old schizophrenic patient, with a history of 20 years, and recent symptoms of irritability, aggressiveness, isolation, self-harm and contamination ideas ("I have a staphylococcus in my head"). For 10 years, he used a variety of objects to manipulate himself, among them a scalpel with which he extirpated part of the calotte, causing a vasogenic edema in the left cortico-fronto-parietal region that produced a right brachio-crural haemiparesis, the reason for his admission. After ruling out a stroke or a brain tumor, he underwent surgery for the removal of a brain abscess; he received several antipsychotic agents with only a partial response that later improved after being switched to paliperidone. In cases like this, it is necessary to conduct a timely screening, diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid a torpid evolution and prognosis in schizophrenic patients with long-standing self-inflicted injuries and a history of poor adherence and response to treatment.

Genetic Mapping of Tolerance to Bacterial Stem Blight Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

The bacterial stem blight of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), first reported in the United States in 1904, has emerged recently as a serious disease problem in the western states. The causal agent, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, promotes frost damage and disease that can reduce first harvest yields by 50%. Resistant cultivars and an understanding of host-pathogen interactions are lacking in this pathosystem. With the goal of identifying DNA markers associated with disease resistance, we developed biparental F1 mapping populations using plants from the cultivar ZG9830. Leaflets of plants in the mapping populations were inoculated with a bacterial suspension using a needleless syringe and scored for disease symptoms. Bacterial populations were measured by culture plating and using a quantitative PCR assay. Surprisingly, leaflets with few to no symptoms had bacterial loads similar to leaflets with severe disease symptoms, indicating that plants without symptoms were tolerant to the bacterium. Genotyping-by-sequencing identified 11 significant SNP markers associated with the tolerance phenotype. This is the first study to identify DNA markers associated with tolerance to P. syringae. These results provide insight into host responses and provide markers that can be used in alfalfa breeding programs to develop improved cultivars to manage the bacterial stem blight of alfalfa.

Studying Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis through a Network Medicine Approach / Estudando a Artrite Idiopática Juvenil mediante uma abordagem de medicina de redes

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a group of inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology whose underlying molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Several studies have attempted to fill this gap by characterizing the gene expression profiles of JIA patients. However, there is a lack of systematic assessment of the reliability of these transcriptome results on the disease classification, prescription, and monitoring. In addition, despite this disease is more common in females, none of these studies have tried to assess the impact of sex on disease pathophysiology. In this project, we performed a comprehensive systematic review and a gene expression meta-analysis to reveal the core molecular JIA pathophysiology taking into consideration the patient sex. We gathered and cataloged more than 60,000 entries of genomic features reported as JIA-related in the functional genomics literature, and found a dramatic disparity among the JIA transcriptome studies. Near 15,000 genes have been reported as perturbed in JIA leukocytes. Less than one percent of these genes were reported in at least a quarter of the reviewed studies. We then removed the study-specific analytical bias by re-analyzing more than 700 unique pediatric transcriptome profiles from nine JIA studies using a common analytical framework. The differential expression results from different studies were combined using a random effect model meta-analysis approach. We implemented this differential gene expression meta-analysis methodology in the MetaVolcanoR R package that we made available in Bioconductor. Using this package, we confirmed several gene expression signatures previously associated with JIA and uncover new genes whose expression was perturbed in JIA patients. The effect sizes of the topmost reported perturbed genes coincide with our meta-analysis results. Through a meta-coexpression approach, we characterized the cell type signatures of circulating leukocytes in the JIA affected children. Additionally, we characterized the JIA sexual dimorphism. We found that systemic JIA female patients over-activate a gene expression signature which comprises early myelocytes and band neutrophil expression markers. This signature is correlated with the disease status and response to IL-1 receptor blockade. This suggests that sJIA pathophysiology is characterized by a sexually dimorphic neutrophilia that impacts disease progression and the response to anti-IL-1 treatments. We further assessed this immature neutrophil and female-biased signature in other contexts. We found that this signature presents a sex-dependent expression over human lifetime, in other inflammatory diseases, and its expression increases during pregnancy

A Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ) é um grupo de condições inflamatórias de etiologia desconhecida, cuja patofisiologia molecular subjacente ainda não está bem caracterizada. Vários estudos tentaram preencher essa lacuna, caracterizando os perfis de expressão gênica de pacientes com AIJ. No entanto, há uma falta de avaliação sistemática desses resultados transcriptômicos na classificação, prescrição e monitoramento da doença. Além disso, apesar de esta doença ser mais comum em mulheres, nenhum desses estudos tentou avaliar o impacto do sexo na fisiopatologia da doença. Neste projeto, realizamos uma revisão sistemática abrangente e uma metanálise de expressão gênica para revelar a fisiopatologia molecular da AIJ levando em consideração o sexo do paciente. Reunimos e catalogamos mais de 60.000 entradas de características genômicas reportadas como relacionadas à AIJ na literatura. Entre os estudos de transcriptoma, encontramos uma disparidade dramática. Cerca de 15.000 genes foram reportados como perturbados nos leucócitos da AIJ, sendo que menos de um por cento desses genes foram relatados em pelo menos um quarto dos estudos revisados. Em seguida, re-analisamos mais de 700 transcriptomas pediátricos de nove estudos usando uma abordagem analítica comum. Os resultados de expressão diferencial foram combinados usando meta-análise de modelo de efeitos aleatórios. Implementamos esta abordagem de meta-análise de expressão gênica diferencial no pacote MetaVolcanoR R que disponibilizamos no Bioconductor. Usando este pacote, confirmamos várias assinaturas de expressão gênica previamente associadas à AIJ e descobrimos novos genes cuja expressão está perturbada em pacientes com AIJ. Os tamanhos dos efeitos dos genes mais reportados como perturbados coincidem com os resultados da nossa meta-análise. Por meio de uma análise de meta-co-expressão, caracterizamos as assinaturas dos tipos de leucócitos circulantes. Além disso, caracterizamos o dimorfismo sexual da AIJ. Descobrimos que pacientes do sexo feminino com AIJ sistêmica super-ativam genes característicos de mielócitos precoces e neutrófilos bastonetes. Esta assinatura está correlacionada com o estado clínico da doença e à resposta ao tratamento por bloqueio do receptor de IL-1. Isto sugere que a fisiopatologia da AIJs é caracterizada por uma neutrofilia sexualmente dimórfica que afeta a progressão da doença e a resposta aos tratamentos anti-IL-1. Avaliamos ainda esta assinatura neutrofílica em outros contextos. Descobrimos que essa assinatura apresenta uma expressão dependente do sexo ao longo da vida humana, em outras doenças inflamatórias, e sua expressão aumenta durante a gravidez

Primer registro de melanismo en Phyllotis limatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), con una lista actualizada de mamíferos silvestres melánicos del mundo / First record of melanism in Phyllotis limatus (Rodentia:Cricetidae), with an update list of melanic wild mammalsof the World

Se reporta el primer caso de melanismo en el roedor Phyllotis limatus, el cual incrementa el número de especies de mamíferos silvestres con melanismo a 113 especies, a nivel mundial. Los órdenes Rodentia y Carnivora agrupan la mayor cantidad de especies con melanismo, siendo reportadas con mayor frecuencia en países del continente americano, seguidos de Asia, África, Europa y Oceanía. En Sudamérica, Brasil es el país con la mayor cantidad de especies con melanismo, con ocho especies, seguido de Perú, con cinco. El listado de mamíferos silvestres melánicos aquí presentado sugiere que la coloración negruzca es una mutación relativamente frecuente para algunas especies; por consiguiente, es probable que el número de registros de especies con melanismo se incremente en futuras investigaciones.

Here, we report the first case of melanism in the rodent Phyllotis limatus, which increase the number of wild mammal species with melanism to 113 species, worldwide. The orders Rodentia and Carnivora group the largest number of species with melanism, being reported more frequently in countries of America, followed by Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania. In South America, Brazil is the country with the highest number of species with melanism, with eight species, followed by Peru with five. The melanic checklist of wild mammals presented here suggests that blackish coloration is relatively frequent mutations in some species, therefore, we hope the register numbers of species with melanism will be increased in future investigations.

Microestructura cuticular y medular del pelo de guardia de mamíferos pequeños terrestres en la región de Arequipa, Perú / Cuticular and medullar microstructure of the guard hair of small land mammals in the region of Arequipa, Peru

Actualmente, el estudio de pelos de guardia está siendo utilizado en diversas áreas de las ciencias básicas y aplicadas (taxonomía, ecología, genética, paleontología, criminalística, entre otras), debido a su resistencia a factores físicos, químicos, mecánicos y biológicos, conservando su estructura cuticular y medular. Dichas estructuras forman patrones que permiten la identificación de especímenes a nivel de géneros y familias. Sin embargo, a pesar de la importancia, no hay estudios sobre este tema en Perú. Por ello, con el fin de llenar este vacío de información, se examinaron muestras de 30 especies de mamíferos de la región de Arequipa, correspondientes a los órdenes Didelphimorphia y Rodentia, donde encontramos 5 patrones medulares y 8 cuticulares. Los marsupiales didélfidos presentan un patrón medular uniseriado escaleriforme con un patrón cuticular foliáceo. En los roedores, los cricétidos tienen un patrón medular multiseriado alveolar y un patrón cuticular foliáceo, los chinchílidos un patrón medular reticular con patrón cuticular pétalo diamante tipo D, los cávidos un patrón medular reticular con patrón cuticular ondeado transversal, los abrocómidos un patrón medular listrado con patrón cuticular ondeado oblicuo simple, y los múridos un patrón medular reticular y alveolar con patrón cuticular pétalo diamante (tipo B y C) y foliáceo. Presentamos por primera vez la descripción detallada de la cutícula y médula de los pelos de guardia de 24 especies de roedores y 2 marsupiales.

Currently, the study of guard hairs is used in various areas of basic and applied sciences (taxonomy, ecology, genetics, paleontology, criminology, among others), due to its resistance to physical, chemical, mechanical and biological factors, conserving its cuticular and medullar structure. These structures form patterns that allow the identification of specimens at the level of genera and families. However, despite the importance, there are no studies on this subject in Peru. Therefore, samples from 30 mammalian species of Didelphimorphia and Rodentia were examined to fill this information gap. Among the species studied, we differentiated 5 medullary and 8 cuticular patterns. The didelphid marsupials have a medial uniseriate scaleriform pattern with a foliaceous cuticular pattern; the cricetid rodents have an alveolar multiseriate medullary pattern and a foliate cuticular pattern, the chinchillids a reticular medullary pattern with a cuticular pattern of diamond petal type D, the caviids a reticular medullary pattern with a transverse cuticular pattern, the abrocomids a medullary pattern listrade with simple oblique wave cuticular pattern, and the murids a reticular and alveolar medullary pattern with cuticular pattern petal diamond (type B and C) or foliaceous. We present for the first time the detailed description of the cuticle and marrow of the guard hairs of 24 species of rodents and 2 marsupials.

Segundo registro de Cyttarops alecto y Eumops wilsoni (Mammalia: Chiroptera) en el Perú / Second record of Cyttarops alecto and Eumops wilsoni (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Peru

Herein we report the second record in Peru of Cyttarops alecto (Emballonuridae) and Eumops wilsoni (Molossidae), both little known bats of Neotropical region. Reports are based on specimens collected in Lambayeque and Loreto Departments, and their geographical distribution are extended in Peru

Aquí se reporta un segundo registro de los murciélagos Eumops wilsoni (Molossidae) y Cyttarops alecto (Emballonuridae) especies poco conocidas de la región Neotropical. Los especímenes fueron recolectados en los departamentos de Lambayeque y Loreto, y amplian su distribución en el Perú

Primer registro del ratón colombiano del bosque Chilomys instans (Cricetidae: Rodentia) en Cajamarca: actualizando el listado de mamíferos del Perú / First record of Colombian Forest Mouse Chilomys instans (Cricetidae: Rodentia) in Cajamarca: updating the list of mammals from Peru

El roedor Chilomys instans (Thomasomyini, Cricetidae) es una especie común en la comunidad de mamíferos que habita los Andes del Norte en Sudamérica. Aquí presentamos el primer registro de la especie para el Perú, en base a la revisión morfológica de tres ejemplares colectados en el departamento de Cajamarca (Andes del Centro). Se presentan comentarios sobre la taxonomía de C. instans e información sobre su historia natural. La amplia distribución del género Chilomys en los Andes pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar la revisión taxonómica de éste género para esclarecer los límites de las especies que la conforman.

Chilomys instans (Thomasomyini, Cricetidae) is a common species in the mammalian fauna that inhabits in the Northern Andes of South America. Here we present the first record of that in Peru, based on the morphologic review of three samples collected in Cajamarca Department (Central Andes). Information about the taxonomic and natural history of C. instans are presented. The wide distribution of genus Chilomys in Andes shows the necessity to perform a taxonomic review of the genus, in order to clearify the species limit.

Ciencias forenses y antropología forense en el posconflicto colombiano / Forensic sciences and forensic anthropology in the Colombian post-conflict / Ciências forenses e antropologia forense no pós-conflito colombiano

El objetivo es mostrar un panorama reflexivo de los retos que enfrentarán las ciencias forenses colombianas en general y la antropología forense en particular, ante la inminente situación de posconflicto. La metodología de trabajo analizó, desde literatura actualizada hasta datos y cifras oficiales, cuatro fenómenos sociales estrechamente relacionados con la cotidianidad de las ciencias forenses: (1) desaparición forzada de personas, (2) cadáveres en condición de no identificados, (3) estándares demográficos utilizados en el proceso de identificación forense y (4) el estado del arte de la investigación científica y la academia forense nacional, que constituyen tópicos para iniciar. un diagnóstico que evalúe las posibles dificultades del contexto forense, y permita diseñar estrategias en el marco de las buenas prácticas, para optimizar los criterios de oportunidad y calidad que la sociedad espera. Se concluye que las entidades estatales forenses deben revalidar el número actual de profesionales de planta, pues en caso de que se dé la situación de posconflicto, la capacidad instalada se expone a colapsar y afectar los criterios de oportunidad para atender el número de cuerpos que se generarían; asimismo, se considera que tópicos como la investigación científica forense y el entrenamiento desde la academia deben incrementarse.

The objective here is to show a thoughtful picture of the challenges to be confronted by the Colombian forensic sciences in general and forensic anthropology in particular, in the face of an imminent post-conflict situation. The work methodology, through an analysis from updated literature to official data and figures, encompassed four social phenomena closely related to the 'everydayness' of forensic sciences: 1): the enforced disappearance of people, 2): bodies found in unidentifiable conditions, 3): demographic standards used in the forensic identification process, and 4): the state of the art of scientific research and the national forensic academy, these being issues serving to initiate a diagnostic capable of assessing the potential difficulties in the forensic context and allowing for designing strategies within the good practices framework in order to optimize the society's expected opportunity and quality conditions. It is finally concluded that state forensic entities must revalidate the actual number of onsite professionals because, in the event of a threatening post-conflict situation occurring, the installed capacity is exposed to collapse and becomes likely to affect the opportunity criteria aimed at serving the number of bodies that would be generated; likewise, it has been considered that subjects taken at the academy like forensic scientific research, investigation and the training followed ever since should be increased.

O objetivo é mostrar um panorama reflexivo dos desafios que enfrentarão as ciências forenses colombianas no geral e a antropologia forense em particular, perante a iminente situação do pós-conflito. A metodologia do trabalho analisada, da literatura atualizada até os dados e as cifras oficiais, quatro fenômenos sociais intimamente ligados à cotidianidade da ciências forenses: (1) desaparecimento forçado de pessoas, (2) cadáveres na condição de não identificados 3) padrões demográficos , usados no processo da identificação forense e (4) o estado da arte da pesquisa científica e a academia nacional forense, que constituem temas para iniciar um diagnóstico que avalíe as dificuldades possíveis do contexto forense, e permita projetar estratégias das melhores práticas, para optimizar os critérios da oportunidade e da qualidade que a sociedade aguarda. Concluíse que os organismos estatais forenses devem revalidar o número atual de profissionais nos seus quadros, porque caso que a situação do pós-conflito aconteça, a capacidade instalada é exposta a colapsar e a afetar os critérios da oportunidade para atender o número dos corpos que seriam gerados; também, considera-se que temas como a pesquisa científica forense e o treinamento da academia devem ser aumentados.

Biodiversidad de la zona reservada Sierra del Divisor (Perú): una visión desde los mamíferos pequeños

En el presente trabajo se documenta la diversidad de mamíferos pequeños en la Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor (ZRSD). Se evaluaron seis localidades entre 2011 y 2013 utilizando técnicas de captura estándar (trampas Víctor, Tomahawk, Pitfall y redes de niebla). Se registró un total de 67 especies (cinco marsupiales, 10 roedores y 52 murciélagos), 32 de las cuales son nuevos registros para la ZRSD y dos son especies de roedores raras y endémicas del Perú, la “rata acuática peruana” Neusticomys peruviensis (Cricetidae: Ichthyomyini) y el “Ratón acuático de Ucayali” Amphinectomys savamis (Cricetidae: Oryzomyini). El marsupial Marmosops bishopi; los roedores Neacomys minutus, Euryoryzomys macconnelli, Scolomys melanops y Proechimys kulinae; y los murciélagos Artibeus planirostris y Rhinophylla pumilio fueron las especies más abundantes. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran la importancia de la re-categorización de la Zona Reservada al estatus de Parque Nacional, como una contribución significativa para la conservación de los mamíferos del Perú.

This study documents the small mammalian diversity in the Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor (ZRSD). Six sites were evaluated between 2011 and 2013 with capture techniques (Victor snap traps, Tomahawk traps, Pitfall traps and mist nets). 67 species of small mammals were recorded (five marsupials, 10 rodents and 52 bats), 32 of which are new records for the ZRSD and two are species of the most rare and endemic rodents of Peru, the “Peruvian Aquatic Rat” Neusticomys peruviensis (Cricetidae: Ichthyomyini) and “Ucayali´s Aquatic Mouse” Amphinectomys savamis (Cricetidae: Oryzomyini). On the other hand, the marsupial Marmosops bishopi; rodents Neacomys minutus, Euryoryzomys macconnelli, Scolomys melanops and Proechimys kulinae; and the bats Artibeus planirostris and Rhinophylla pumilio were the most plenty. Our finding showed the importance of the re-categorization of Reserved Zone to National Park like as a significant contribution to the conservation of the Peruvian mammals.

Ruptura espontánea de pseudoquiste pancreático a cavidad abdominal. Revisión de literatura a propósito del caso / Spontaneous rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst cavity. Literature review regarding the situation

RESUMEN.- Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 66 años, natural y procedente de Lima, sin antecedentes de importancia con un cuadro de 3 semanas de evolución caracterizado por dolor abdominal en hemiabdomen superior. Fue hospitalizado en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima), con un cuadro compatible con peritonitis siendo sometido a Laparotomía exploratoria con el diagnostico postoperatorio de pancreatitis aguda. La TAC confirmo este hallazgo como pancreatitis aguda Balthazar D, Indice de Severidad Tomográfica:8. Durante la octava semana de evolución el control topográfico reveló la formación de pseudoquiste pancreático, durante la décima semana demostró ascitis progresiva compatible con ruptura del pseudoquiste a cavidad abdominal lo cual fue corroborado por estudio bioquímico del líquido ascítico. Los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y bioquímicos son presentados debido a la inusual presentación y los pocos casos reportados en la literatura acerca de esta complicación.

SUMMARY.- We report the case of 66 years old men, born and resident of lima, out significant past medical history, with a 3 week , history of upper quadrant abdominal pain. He was admitted with the clinical picture of peritonitis. An emergency laparotomy was performed an the diagnosis of Acute pancreatitis was done. An abdominal CT scan confirmed the finding and also described Acute Pancreatitis Balthazar D TSI 08. During the eight week of course the CT scan control showed development of pancreatic pseudocyst. 10 week showed progressive ascites consistent with spontaneus rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst to abdominal cavity, wich was confirm by biochemistry findings. The clinical, radiological and biochemistry findings are presented, due to the uncommon presentation and the few cases reported in the literature about this complication.

Diente rosado: ¿orienta el mecanismo de muerte? Artículo de revisión / Pink tooth: does it show the mechanism of death? Review of the literature

El fenómeno del diente rosado es una pigmentación intrínseca de color rosado, presente de manera generalizada en los dientes de quienes han muerto de manera no natural. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura publicada hasta el momento, en la que se ha estudiado todo lo relacionado con la aparición del fenómeno de diente rosado, incluyendo estudios experimentales y discusión de expertos internacionales (vía internet), además de la observación de la población de morgues, hecha por los patólogos, odontólogos y antropólogos forenses del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Bogotá; esto, con el fin de determinar un mecanismo específico de muerte o por lo menos guiar la investigación de las muertes médicolegales hacia un mecanismo de muerte. El diente rosado se produce por difusión de hemoglobina descompuesta a través de los canalículos dentinales, por lo que se supone es un fenómeno de hipóstasis cadavérica: otra característica importante es que no es un signo patognomónico de la asfixia mecánica, por haber sido observado en otros mecanismos de muerte

Osteotomía valguizante tibial

Se presenta la experiencia con 103 osteotomías altas de tibia con técnica de Coventry efectuadas entre `1980 y 1995. La indicación más frecuente es en pacientes de edad promedio 61 años con rodillas con afecciones artrósicas precoces (Ahlback grado 2 y 3) como tratamiento conservador y con el objeto de preservar la articulación y retrasar la necesidad de artroplastía total. Con una acertada selección de pacientes y adhiriendo a la técnica original con hipercorrección a unos 10 grados de valgo, la osteotomía arroja buenos resultados a mediano plazo (5 a 10 años) con una mejoría del cuadro doloroso y funcional de un 80 por ciento

Osteotomía valguizante tibial

Se presenta la experiencia con 103 osteotomías altas de tibia con técnica de Coventry efectuadas entre `1980 y 1995. La indicación más frecuente es en pacientes de edad promedio 61 años con rodillas con afecciones artrósicas precoces (Ahlback grado 2 y 3) como tratamiento conservador y con el objeto de preservar la articulación y retrasar la necesidad de artroplastía total. Con una acertada selección de pacientes y adhiriendo a la técnica original con hipercorrección a unos 10 grados de valgo, la osteotomía arroja buenos resultados a mediano plazo (5 a 10 años) con una mejoría del cuadro doloroso y funcional de un 80 por ciento