Variation of Tooth Crown Size in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

AIM: This study aims to compare the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) tooth crown size (TCS) of adult patients with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and patients without CL/P. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample of this study consisted of 146 adult patients, of both genders, of which 73 were included in the case group (with CL/P) and 73 were included in the control group (without CL/P). Data regarding gender and age and cleft type were collected. In addition, dental models were evaluated to obtain the TCS in the maximum distance of the MD and BL dimensions of all erupted permanent teeth (except third molars). The results were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: In the upper arch, the central incisors (CI) were smaller in the case group for the MD and BL dimensions (p < 0.05). The lateral incisors (LI) and canine (C) were smaller only in the BL width (p < 0.05) and the second molars (SM), were smaller only in the MD dimensions. In the lower arch, there were significant differences only in the BL width between groups, the CI and LI presented smaller measurements in CL/P patients, while the left first molar (FM) and right first premolar (FPM) were larger (p < 0.05) than in patients without CL/P. CONCLUSION: Patients with CL/P have different sizes in certain teeth compared to patients without CL/P. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cleft lip and palate patients usually present important dental anomalies; thereby, the knowledge about trends in tooth size variations in CL/P patients can aid in dental and orthodontic treatment planning to obtain a stable, functional, and esthetic occlusion.

Pathophysiological aspects of neonatal anoxia and temporal expression of S100ß in different brain regions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variations of S100ß in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex of neonatal rats (Wistar strain) under anoxic conditions. Real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were used for gene expression and protein analysis. Animals were divided into two groups, a control group and an anoxic group, and further separated at different time points for analysis. After anoxia, S100ß gene expression showed a significant peak in the hippocampus and cerebellum after 2 h, followed by a decline compared to the control group at other time points. The increased gene expression in these regions was also accompanied by an increase in S100ß protein levels in the anoxia group, observable 4 h after injury. In contrast, S100ß mRNA content in the cerebral cortex never exceeded control values at any time point. Similarly, the protein content of S100ß in the cerebral cortex did not show statistically significant differences compared to control animals at any assessment time point. These results suggest that the production profile of S100ß differs by brain region and developmental stage. The observed differences in vulnerability between the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex may be attributed to their distinct developmental periods. The hippocampus and cerebellum, which develop earlier than the cerebral cortex, showed more pronounced effects in response to anoxia, which is supported by the gene expression and protein content in this study. This result reveals the brain region-dependent nature of S100ß as a biomarker of brain injury.

Depression and suicide risk during the Covid-19 pandemic at a Brazilian public health psychosocial addiction care center: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms and suicide risk among patients receiving treatment at a Public Health Psychosocial Addiction Care Center (CAPS AD III) in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: Questions from the Coronavirus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) translated into Brazilian Portuguese were used to evaluate 70 patients' perceptions of and behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Validated Brazilian versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms, suicide risk, and anxiety symptoms. A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate predictors of suicide risk in the sample. RESULTS: Around 70% of patients reported moderate depressive symptoms and 30% reported severe depressive symptoms, 17% of patients reported having thoughts of suicide or death on more than half of days and 10% reported having them daily. The logistic regression model identified history of alcohol use as the main predictor of suicide risk in (OR 13.0, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with a history of alcohol consumption had significantly higher suicide risk scores at a psychosocial public health care center in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. This result may be important for devising better strategies and interventions to support this specific population profile.

Depression and suicide risk during the Covid-19 pandemic at a Brazilian public health psychosocial addiction care center: a preliminary report

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms and suicide risk among patients receiving treatment at a Public Health Psychosocial Addiction Care Center (CAPS AD III) in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods Questions from the Coronavirus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) translated into Brazilian Portuguese were used to evaluate 70 patients' perceptions of and behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Validated Brazilian versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms, suicide risk, and anxiety symptoms. A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate predictors of suicide risk in the sample. Results Around 70% of patients reported moderate depressive symptoms and 30% reported severe depressive symptoms, 17% of patients reported having thoughts of suicide or death on more than half of days and 10% reported having them daily. The logistic regression model identified history of alcohol use as the main predictor of suicide risk in (OR 13.0, p = 0.03). Conclusions Individuals with a history of alcohol consumption had significantly higher suicide risk scores at a psychosocial public health care center in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. This result may be important for devising better strategies and interventions to support this specific population profile.

Influência da micropuntura associada à micropigmentação no tratamento de estrias albas / Influence of micropuncture associated with micropigmentation on treatment of stretch marks

Introdução: Estrias são alterações no tecido tegumentar, principalmente nas fibras de elastina e colágeno. São frequentemente acompanhadas de problemas psicossociais e de autoestima. Existem diversas técnicas utilizadas, como o microagulhamento, que estimula a produção de colágeno e a dermopigmentação, que camufla as estrias por meio da pigmentação. Objetivo: Verificar a influência do microagulhamento associado a micropigmentação em estrias albas de mulheres. Métodos: Realizou-se um protocolo de Estriaderme em três mulheres de fototipo de pele II a V, de idade média de 27 ± 0,3 anos com estrias albas nos glúteos. O protocolo foi composto por 5 sessões com intervalos quinzenais, em quatro foram realizadas a micropuntura associada ao ácido hialurônico e em uma realizou-se a micropigmentação. As participantes foram avaliadas por fotografias e paquímetro. Resultados: No pós-tratamento, observou-se uma melhora estética nas regiões de aplicação, o tecido tegumentar demonstrou-se mais uniforme, homogêneo e com maior jovialidade. Com redução na espessura das estrias e uma média de redução de 1,8 mm em relação ao pré-tratamento (média ± 3 mm). Conclusão: O protocolo Estriaderme demonstrou ter efeito positivo sobre a pele estriada, no que se refere a sua vascularização, vitalidade, pigmentação, relevo cutâneo, espessura e quantidade. (AU)

Introduction: Stretch marks are alterations in the integumentary tissue, mainly in the elastin and collagen fibers. They are often accompanied by psychosocial and selfesteem problems. Several techniques are used, such as micro-needling, which stimulates collagen production and dermopigmentation, which camouflages stretch marks by pigmenting the area. Objective: To verify the influence of micropuncture associated with micropigmentation on female striae alba. Methods: A Striaderm protocol was performed on three women of skin phototype II to V according to Fitzpatrick, mean age 27 ± 0.3 years with gluteus alba striae. The protocol consisted of 5 sessions at biweekly intervals, four underwent micropuncture associated with hyaluronic acid and one underwent micropigmentation. The participants were evaluated by photographs and caliper. Results: Post-treatment showed an aesthetic improvement in the application regions, the integumentary tissue was more uniform, homogeneous, and more youthful. With reduction in stretch marks and an average reduction of 1.8 mm compared to pretreatment (mean ± 3 mm). Conclusion: The Striaderme protocol has been shown to have a positive effect on striated skin with respect to its vascularity, vitality, pigmentation, skin relief, thickness, and quantity. (AU)

The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight.

AIMS: Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during the dark phase) and 2) melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg melatonin added to the water bottles during the dark phase). Before and after 16 weeks of vehicle or melatonin treatment, control group and melatonin-treated animals were acutely exposed to 18 °C for 2 h for an acute cold challenge and thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera. After 16 weeks, animals were euthanized and brown and beige adipocytes were collected for analysis of genes involved in the thermogenesis process by real-time PCR, and the uncoupling protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Browning intensity of beige adipocytes were quantified by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. KEY FINDINGS: Chronic melatonin supplementation induced a minor increase in body mass and increased the animal's thermogenic potential in the cold acute challenge. Brown and beige adipocytes acted in a coordinated and complementary way to ensure adequate heat production. SIGNIFICANCE: Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance.

Melatonin deficiency decreases brown adipose tissue acute thermogenic capacity of in rats measured by 18F-FDG PET.

OBJECTIVE: Melatonin has been shown to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, which can lead to important metabolic effects, such as bodyweight reduction and glycemic improvement. However, BAT mass can only be measured invasively and. The gold standard for non-invasive measurement of BAT activity is positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There is no study, to our knowledge, that has evaluated if melatonin influences BAT activity, measured by this imaging technique in animals. METHODS: Three experimental groups of Wistar rats (control, pinealectomy, and pinealectomy replaced with melatonin) had an 18F-FDG PET performed at room temperature and after acute cold exposure. The ratio of increased BAT activity after cold exposure/room temperature was called "acute thermogenic capacity" (ATC) We also measured UCP-1 mRNA expression to correlate with the 18F-FDG PET results. RESULTS: Pinealectomy led to reduced acute thermogenic capacity, compared with the other groups, as well as reduced UCP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Melatonin deficiency impairs BAT response when exposed to acute cold exposure. These results can lead to future studies of the influence of melatonin on BAT, in animals and humans, without needing an invasive evaluation of BAT.

Average shear rate in airlift bioreactors: searching for the true value.

The shear rate is an important bioreactor parameter that needs to be evaluated due to its impact on microorganism morphology and viability, and consequently on bioproduct formation. Airlift bioreactors, classified as low-shear devices, are used as an alternative to conventional stirred-tank reactors. Considerable efforts have been made to characterize the shear environments in airlift bioreactors, using the average shear rate ([Formula: see text]) as a key parameter. However, there is no agreement among the values obtained in different studies, which can differ even in orders of magnitude. The methodologies used to obtain [Formula: see text] in the different studies could be the reason for the lack of agreement among them. In this work, [Formula: see text] in a concentric tube airlift bioreactor was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as based on universal velocity profiles for liquid flows in smooth pipes and annuli. Good agreement was obtained between the CFD-based average shear rates and the values obtained from universal velocity profiles, indicating that CFD simulation is a valuable tool for [Formula: see text] prediction.

Perspectiva dos Discentes de Medicina de uma Universidade Pública sobre Saúde e Qualidade de Vida / Viewpoint of Medical Students from a Public University on Health and Quality of Life

RESUMO Introdução Desde o preparo para o ingresso até a conclusão do curso de Medicina, há uma cobrança além do conteúdo; exige-se preparo emocional. Diante de um curso com carga horária integral, que demanda dedicação intensa para atingir boa bagagem teórico-prática e contemplar as exigências curriculares, e, muitas vezes, da distância da família, tem-se a percepção diminuída da qualidade de vida entre esse grupo. Essa adaptação a mudanças fisiológicas e emocionais é capaz de interferir no processo de adoecimento desse grupo, refletindo na atuação profissional e na comunidade em que atuará. Objetivo Conhecer hábitos de vida e o processo de adoecimento dos acadêmicos de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) ao longo do curso, além de buscar entender a possível relação entre esses fatores e a alta incidência de queixas gástricas nesse grupo. Metodologia Estudo descritivo e transversal cuja amostra é composta de estudantes de Medicina do 1º ao 8º período da UFAL, separados por gênero e ciclo do curso. Utilizou-se o método de Bardin para análise qualitativa do conteúdo gerado na discussão dos grupos. Resultados Por meio da análise de Bardin, chegou-se à categoria final qualidade de vida, em todos os grupos, feminino e masculino, tanto do ciclo básico quanto do ciclo clínico. Essa categoria advém das categoriais intermediárias: acessibilidade à alimentação saudável, hábitos de vida e sintomas gerais. A carga horária exorbitante foi a principal queixa dos grupos. Chamaram atenção a frequência das queixas gastrointestinais e a distância do núcleo familiar. Destacaram-se as peculiaridades de cada grupo nas categoriais iniciais, a competitividade entre as alunas do 5º ao 8º período do sexo feminino e a ingestão de bebida alcoólica entre alunos do sexo masculino do 5º e o 8º período. Discussão A diminuição da qualidade de vida é resultado da matriz curricular, com mais de oito mil horas. O reflexo dessa carga horária exorbitante é o estresse, que serve de gatilho para qualidade de sono ruim e carência de tempo para dormir, hábitos alimentares precários, ingestão de bebida alcoólica, nervosismo, ansiedade, competividade, sintomas como cefaleia, dores nas costas e sintomas e patologias digestivas. Com o sistema de seleção unificado, a distância do núcleo familiar transformou o perfil e as necessidades desse grupo, refletindo nas condições financeiras e responsabilidades adicionais que precisam assumir. Considerações finais Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa sobre os principais fatores que levam à diminuição da qualidade de vida e à repercussão desse processo no adoecimento tanto de estudantes do sexo masculino quanto do feminino nos diferentes períodos do curso de Medicina coincidem com os da literatura nacional e internacional. Há uma tendência mundial que aposta no autocuidado do currículo médico, a fim de formar profissionais mais capacitados. Em vista disso, este artigo pode despertar as instituições universitárias sobre a necessidade de intervir no curso de Medicina.

ABSTRACT Introduction From premed to graduating from medical school, more than just the academic content is required from students, and emotional preparation is necessary. Faced with a full-time course that demands intense dedication to achieve good theoretical-practical background and contemplate the curricular requirements and, being often far away from one's family, there is a diminished perception of quality of life in this group. This adaptation to physiological and emotional changes is capable of interfering with the disease process in this group of individuals, affecting their professional performance and the community where they will work at. Objective To know the life habits and disease processes of medical students of the Federal University of Alagoas throughout the medical course. In addition to seeking to understand the possible association between these factors and the high incidence of gastric complaints in this group. Methodology This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, comprising medical students from the 1 st to 8 th periods of the Federal University of Alagoas, separated by gender and course cycle. The Bardin method was used for the qualitative analysis of the content generated during the discussions with the groups. Results Through Bardin analysis , the final category of quality of life was reached in the female and male groups, both in the basic cycle and in the clinical cycle. This category derives from intermediate categories: access to a healthy diet, life habits and overall symptoms. An excessive workload was the groups' main complaint. The frequency of gastrointestinal complaints and those related to being away from the family is noteworthy. It is worth noting the peculiarities of each group in the initial categories, the competitiveness among female students from the 5 th to the 8 th periods and alcohol consumption among male students in the 5 th and 8 th periods. Discussion The decrease in the quality of life is a result of the curricular matrix with more than 8,000 hours. The consequences of this excessive workload is the stress that works as a trigger for poor sleep quality and lack of time to sleep; unhealthy eating habits; alcohol consumption; nervousness, anxiety, competitiveness; symptoms such as headaches, back pain and digestive symptoms and pathologies. With the Unified Selection System, being away from the family nucleus has transformed the profile and needs of this group, reflecting the financial conditions and additional responsibilities they need to assume. Final Considerations The results of this research about the main factors that lead to a decrease in the quality of life and the consequences of this process for the health of both male and female students during the different periods of medical school are in agreement with the national and international literature. There is a worldwide tendency that contemplates including self-care in the medical school curriculum, aiming to train more qualified professionals; hence, this article can make the university institutions aware of the need to intervene in the medical course.

A Case of Perforated Jejunal Diverticulum: An Unexpected Cause of Pneumoperitoneum in a Patient Presenting with an Acute Abdomen.

BACKGROUND Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare clinical condition, and the majority of patients are asymptomatic. However, some patients can develop serious complications, including perforation. We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient with a perforated jejunal diverticulum who presented with an 'acute abdomen' and with pneumoperitoneum on X-ray radiography. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with a 24-hour history of acute onset of diffuse abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination showed signs of generalized peritonitis. The chest radiograph showed a pneumoperitoneum. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and a perforated jejunal diverticulum was identified. Resection of the involved jejunal segment and a primary jejunal anastomosis were performed. CONCLUSIONS Perforated jejunoileal diverticula should be included in the differential diagnosis for elderly patients who present with an acute abdomen. A delay in the diagnosis can be fatal in this group of patients. Although radiographic signs, such as pneumoperitoneum, are unusual in these cases, this finding should provide a diagnostic clue for the physician.

Separate aftereffects of morning and evening exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in prehypertensive men.

BACKGROUND: Clinic postexercise hypotension (PEH) is different after aerobic exercise performed in the morning and in the evening. Thus, ambulatory PEH should also differ after exercises conducted at different times of day. However, because of the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP), ambulatory PEH should be assessed considering a control condition. Thus, this study was designed to verify the effects of morning and evening exercises on postexercise ambulatory BP averages and circadian parameters by comparing responses obtained at each time of day after an exercise and a control session. METHODS: Thirteen prehypertensive men underwent four sessions (randomized order): two in the morning (9 am) and two in the evening (6:30 pm). At each time of day, a control (C) and an exercise (E: cycle ergometer 45 min, 50% VO2peak) sessions were performed. After the sessions, an ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) monitoring was started for 24 h. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used to compare the E and the C sessions at each time of day. RESULTS: In the morning, 24 h, daytime and nighttime HR were higher after the E than the C session. In the evening, nighttime systolic BP (116±11 vs. 120±10 mmHg, P=0.04) and rate pressure product (7981±1294 vs. 8583±1523 mmHg.bpm, P=0.04), as well as MESOR (128±11 vs. 130±10 mmHg, P=0.03) were lower in the E than the C session. CONCLUSIONS: In prehypertensive men, morning exercise increased ambulatory HR, while evening exercise decreased nighttime BP and cardiac work, reducing the MESOR of systolic BP.

Knowledge of parents regarding newborn screening test, after accessing the website "Babies' Portal" - Heel prick test / Conhecimento de pais quanto a triagem neonatal, contribuição do website Portal dos Bebês - Teste do pezinho

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the knowledge of mothers about the heel prick test, develop contents on this test to make it available on the "Babies' Portal" website, evaluate and validate the informative material developed. Methods: this study was conducted in three stages, that is, the first stage which is about a descriptive study involving 105 mothers of newborn children before performing the neonatal screening "Heel Prick Test", the second one consisting in the development of the website "Babies' Portal", and the third stage, the evaluation and validation of this material carried out by 20 parents of children between zero and 36 months old, who underwent the neonatal screening Heel Prick Test by accessing the website "Babies' Portal". Results: although the interviewed mothers knew that their children had the right to be tested, they showed no knowledge of the diseases that can be prevented, time of diagnosis, nor the consequences arising from the lack of early diagnosis and treatment. The website creation and validation gathered basic information about the Heel Prick Test, and the participants regarded the content from satisfactory to excellent. Conclusion: it is necessary that families know not only about the procedures their children will undergo, but also the reason they are performed and the consequences of failing in doing so.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar conhecimento de mães sobre o Teste do Pezinho, desenvolver conteúdos sobre este teste" para disponibilizar no website "Portal dos Bebês", avaliar e validar o material informativo desenvolvido. Métodos: este estudo foi realizado em três fases. A primeira trata-se de um estudo descritivo com a participação de 105 mães de crianças recém-nascidas, antes de realizar a triagem neonatal "Teste do Pezinho". A segunda consistiu da elaboração de um website no site "Portal dos Bebês" e na terceira fase foi realizada a avaliação e validação deste material por 20 pais de crianças, com idades entre zero a trinta e seis meses, que realizaram a triagem neonatal, Teste do Pezinho, por meio do acesso ao site "Portal dos Bebês". Resultados: apesar das mães entrevistadas saberem que os filhos têm direito à realização do Teste, não demonstraram conhecimento acerca das doenças que podem ser prevenidas, época do diagnóstico, as sequelas advindas da falta do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. A criação e validação do website reuniu as informações básicas a respeito do Teste do Pezinho e os conteúdos foram avaliados como satisfatórios a excelente pelos participantes. Conclusão: é necessário que as famílias tenham o conhecimento não somente dos procedimentos a que irão submeter os seus filhos, mas o porquê de estarem realizando-os, e as consequências, caso não o façam.

Geometric morphometrics in mosquitoes: what has been measured?

The field of morphometrics is developing quickly. Recent advances have enabled geometric techniques to be applied to many zoological problems, particularly those involving epidemiologically-relevant mosquitoes. Herein, we briefly introduce geometric morphometric (GM) techniques and then review selected groups of mosquitoes (Culicidae) to which those techniques have been applied. In most of the reviewed cases, GM was capable of satisfactorily discriminating among the tested groups primarily when the studies considered differences within and among species, sexual dimorphism, treatments and the separation of laboratory strains. Although GM approaches have developed quite rapidly, some caution must be taken during data processing for a reliable biometrical approach, such as allometry and asymmetry analyses, scale removal and wing clarification staining for landmark digitization. We also critically forecast directions in this field and discuss how the creation of image databases should enhance species identification in culicids.

Adaptations of the aging animal to exercise: role of daily supplementation with melatonin.

The pineal gland, through melatonin, seems to be of fundamental importance in determining the metabolic adaptations of adipose and muscle tissues to physical training. Evidence shows that pinealectomized animals fail to develop adaptive metabolic changes in response to aerobic exercise and therefore do not exhibit the same performance as control-trained animals. The known prominent reduction in melatonin synthesis in aging animals led us to investigate the metabolic adaptations to physical training in aged animals with and without daily melatonin replacement. Male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary treated with melatonin (SM), and trained treated with melatonin (TM). Melatonin supplementation lasted 16 wk, and the animals were subjected to exercise during the last 8 wk of the experiment. After euthanasia, samples of liver, muscle, and adipose tissues were collected for analysis. Trained animals treated with melatonin presented better results in the following parameters: glucose tolerance, physical capacity, citrate synthase activity, hepatic and muscular glycogen content, body weight, protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase activated by adenosine monophosphate (AMPK) in the liver, as well as the protein expression of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and AMPK in the muscle. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation in aging animals is of great importance for the required metabolic adaptations induced by aerobic exercise. Adequate levels of circulating melatonin are, therefore, necessary to improve energetic metabolism efficiency, reducing body weight and increasing insulin sensitivity.

Anticorpos contra o vírus da Doença Infecciosa Bursal e detecção do genoma viral em criações de frango de corte e galinhas de quintal no polo avícola da Bahia / Antibodies anti-Infectious Bursal Disease virus and viral genome detection in broilers and chickens backyard at Bahia's poultry production area

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência de anticorpos e detectar o genoma viral do vírus da Doença Infecciosa Bursal em criações de frangos de corte e em criações de subsistência localizadas em duas regiões do polo avícola da Bahia. Foram coletadas 758 amostras de soro de frangos de corte e 320 amostras de galinhas de quintal para avaliação da frequência de anticorpos utilizando ELISA indireto. Para a detecção e caracterização do vírus foram coletados 6 pools de bursas de Fabrícius em frangos de corte e 3 pools em criações de subsistência, analisados posteriormente com PCR/RFLP. Os resultados revelaram que não há proteção uniforme na criação comercial nas duas regiões estudadas, sugerindo falha na vacinação e desafio com vírus no ambiente. Também observaram-se altos títulos em galinhas de quintal não vacinadas, com variação nos títulos relacionada com desafios de campo. Nos testes moleculares, verificaram-se que três pools de frangos de corte eram positivos, sendo dois para cepa vacinal (G3) e um para cepa variante (G15). Nas criações de subsistência, houve uma amostra positiva para cepa variante (G15). Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de monitoramento em ambas as criações.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of antibodies anti-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus as well as to detect the virus in broilers and chicken backyard, raised in two different regions at Bahia's poultry production area. A total of 758 serum samples were collected from broilers and 320 from chicken backyard, in order to assess the frequency of antibodies using an indirect ELISA. For virus detection and characterization it was collected 6 bursal pools from broilers and 3 from chicken backyard, which were further analyzed with PCR/RFLP. The results showed that there is no uniform protection in commercial flocks of the two different regions, suggesting that it may be occurring vaccination errors and that it may be occurring challenge from viruses at the environment. High titers were observed in no vaccinated chicken backyard. Molecular tests revealed that 3 broilers pools were positive in which 2 matched the vaccine strain (G3) and 1 a variant strain (G15). One sample from free-ranging chickens was positive for the variant strain (G15). These results demonstrate the need for monitoring both types of exploration.

Análise comparativa e prospectiva de duas técnicas de cateterismo das vias biliares / Comparative and prospective analysis of two bile duct catheterism techniques

A colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópi»ca (CPRE) é indicada quase exclusivamente para fi»nalidades terapêuticas e a esfincterotomia biliar éum importante procedimento para as intervenções no trato biliopancreático. O passo principal para a realização da CPRE é o acesso seletivo aos ductos biliares e as suas dificuldades são fatores de risco para as complicações após CPRE. Apesar dos avan»ços das técnicas utilizadas para o cateterismo das vias biliopancreáticas, os insucessos ainda continuam em torno de 5 a 10% dos casos, justificando a pes»quisa e análise de novas técnicas de abordagem das vias biliopancreáticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os resultados da canulação das vias bilia»res utilizando o esfincterótomo simples ou o cate»ter-padrão. Foram comparados seqüencialmente e prospectivamente 200 pacientes submetidos a duas técnicas de canulação das vias biliares, sendo anali»sados idade, sexo, indicações, sucessos e suas com»plicações. Os dois grupos de 100 pacientes estuda»dos foram similares em relação ao sexo, idade e indicações. O índice de sucesso foi maior no grupo de pacientes submetidos ao acesso das vias biliares com o esfincterótomo simples (92%). As complica»ções, em torno de 6%, foram semelhantes entre os grupos, com predomínio de pancreatites leves. Os autores concluem que o acesso primário das vias biliares com o esfincterótomo simples é um proce»dimento seguro, com maiores índices de sucesso e com complicações semelhantes, comparativamente ao cateterismo realizado com o cateter-padrão.