[Lysine Succinylation:A New Perspective in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases].

With the continuous development of identification technologies such as mass spectrometry,omics,and antibody technology,post-translational modification (PTM) has demonstrated increasing potential in medical research.PTM as a novel chemical modification method provides new perspectives for the research on diseases.Succinylation as a novel modification has aroused the interest of more and more researchers.The available studies about succinylation mainly focus on a desuccinylase named sirtuin 5.This enzyme plays a key role in modification and has been preliminarily explored in cardiovascular studies.This paper summarizes the influencing factors and regulatory roles of succinylation and the links between succinylation and other PTMs and reviews the research progress of PTMs in the cardiovascular field,aiming to deepen the understanding about the role of this modification and give new insights to the research in this field.

Six-Cyclic Crown Ether-Type Pillar[5]arene: Enhanced Binding Ability to Bispyridinium Derivatives.

A six-cyclic crown ether-type pillar[5]arene was synthesized, and the five ethylene oxide loops were located outside the cavity and not affected by temperature changes which was confirmed by variable-temperature NMR experiment in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3 and 2D 1H-1H NOESY experiment in CDCl3. The six-cyclic pillar[5]-crown also showed greater binding ability of host-guest with bis(pyridinium) derivatives than conventional alkoxy pillar[5]arenes that illustrated through 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in acetone-d6/CDCl3 (1:1) and UV-vis titration experiments in CHCl3 at room temperature. The five benzocrown ethers at the periphery were able to bind metal cations by 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in CD2Cl2/methanol-d4(9:1).

High Hydrostatic Pressure Exacerbates Bladder Fibrosis through Activating Piezo1.

OBJECTIVE: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) results in significant fibrosis in the chronic stage and elevated bladder pressure. Piezo1 is a type of mechanosensitive (MS) channel that directly responds to mechanical stimuli. To identify new targets for intervention in the treatment of BOO-induced fibrosis, this study investigated the impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on Piezo1 activity and the progression of bladder fibrosis. METHODS: Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the protein abundance of Piezo1 in fibroblasts from obstructed rat bladders. Bladder fibroblasts were cultured under normal atmospheric conditions (0 cmH2O) or exposed to HHP (50 cmH2O or 100 cmH2O). Agonists or inhibitors of Piezo1, YAP1, and ROCK1 were used to determine the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: The Piezo1 protein levels in fibroblasts from the obstructed bladder exhibited an elevation compared to the control group. HHP significantly promoted the expression of various pro-fibrotic factors and induced proliferation of fibroblasts. Additionally, the protein expression levels of Piezo1, YAP1, ROCK1 were elevated, and calcium influx was increased as the pressure increased. These effects were attenuated by the Piezo1 inhibitor Dooku1. The Piezo1 activator Yoda1 induced the expression of pro-fibrotic factors and the proliferation of fibroblasts, and elevated the protein levels of YAP1 and ROCK1 under normal atmospheric conditions in vitro. However, these effects could be partially inhibited by YAP1 or ROCK inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that HHP may exacerbate bladder fibrosis through activating Piezo1.

Association between Life's Essential 8 and cataract among US adults.

Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) indicators and cataract risk is lacking. Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is the latest concept proposed by the American Heart Association to comprehensively reflect CVH status. LE8 includes four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, and sleep) and four health factors (blood lipid, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body mass index). This study tried to evaluate the association between LE8 and cataract using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008, a continuous research program which aims to monitor and evaluate the health and nutrition status of the US population. A cross-sectional study of 2720 non-cataract participants and 602 cataract participants. All participants were assigned to the poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH status groups based on LE8 score. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation between the LE8 score and cataract, as well as the correlation between each of the eight subitems and cataract, with potential confounding variables being adjusted. Then, restricted cubic spline analysis was used to further explore whether there was a nonlinear relationship between LE8 score and cataract. The proportion of cataract participants was 14.1%, 18.2%, and 20.6% in the ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH groups, respectively (P < 0.05). LE8 score was inversely associated with cataract risk, with each 10-point increase in LE8 score associated with a 14% reduction in cataract risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.93, P < 0.01]. Among all the LE8 subitems, physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose were significantly associated with cataract risk (all P < 0.05). Better CVH, defined by a higher LE8 score, is associated with a lower cataract risk. Efforts to improve LE8 score (especially when it comes to physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose) may serve as a novel strategy to help reduce the risk of cataract.

KDM6A-SND1 interaction maintains genomic stability by protecting the nascent DNA and contributes to cancer chemoresistance.

Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. While loss of histone demethylase KDM6A increases the risk of tumorigenesis, its specific role in maintaining genomic stability remains poorly understood. Here, we propose a mechanism in which KDM6A maintains genomic stability independently on its demethylase activity. This occurs through its interaction with SND1, resulting in the establishment of a protective chromatin state that prevents replication fork collapse by recruiting of RPA and Ku70 to nascent DNA strand. Notably, KDM6A-SND1 interaction is up-regulated by KDM6A SUMOylation, while KDM6AK90A mutation almost abolish the interaction. Loss of KDM6A or SND1 leads to increased enrichment of H3K9ac and H4K8ac but attenuates the enrichment of Ku70 and H3K4me3 at nascent DNA strand. This subsequently results in enhanced cellular sensitivity to genotoxins and genomic instability. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of KDM6A and SND1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells increases genotoxin sensitivity. Intriguingly, KDM6A H101D & P110S, N1156T and D1216N mutations identified in ESCC patients promote genotoxin resistance via increased SND1 association. Our finding provides novel insights into the pivotal role of KDM6A-SND1 in genomic stability and chemoresistance, implying that targeting KDM6A and/or its interaction with SND1 may be a promising strategy to overcome the chemoresistance.

Biomechanical Effects on the Prostheses and Vertebrae of Three-Level Hybrid Surgery: A Finite Element Study.

PURPOSE: Three-level hybrid surgery (HS) consisting of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been partly used for the treatment of multi-level cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD). The complications related to the implants and the collapse of the surgical vertebral bodies had been reported in multi-level anterior cervical spine surgery. Thus, this study aimed to explore the biomechanical effects on the prostheses and vertebrae in three-level HS. METHODS: A FE model of cervical spine (C0-T1) was constructed. Five surgical models were developed. They were FAF model (ACDF-CDA-ACDF), AFA model (CDA-ACDF-CDA), FFF model (three-level ACDF), SF model (single-level ACDF), and SA model (single-level CDA). A 75-N follower load and 1.0-N·m moment was applied to produce flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. RESULTS: Compared with the intact model, the range of motion (ROM) of total cervical spine in FAF model decreased by 34.54%, 54.48%, 31.76%, and 27.14%, respectively, in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, which were lower than those in FFF model and higher than those in AFA model. The ROMs of CDA segments in FAF and AFA models were similar to the intact model and SA model. Compared with the intact model, the ROMs at C3/4 segment in FFF model increased from 5.71% to 7.85%, and increased from 5.31% to 6.81% at C7/T1 segment, following by FAF model, then the FAF model. The maximum interface pressures of the Prestige-LP in FAF model were similar to SA model, however the corresponding values were increased in AFA model. The maximum interface pressures of the Zero-P were increased in FAF and AFA model compared with those in SF and FFF models. The stress was mainly distributed on the screws. In AFA model, the maximum pressures of the ball and trough articulation in superior and inferior Prestige-LP were all increased compared with those in SA and FAF model. In FFF model, the maximum pressures of the vertebrae were higher than those in other models. The stress was mainly distributed on the anterior area of the vertebral bodies. CONCLUSIONS: HS seemed to be more suitable than ACDF for the surgical treatment of three-level CDDD in consideration of the biomechanical effects, especially for the two-level CDA and one-level ACDF construct. But a more appropriate CDA prosthesis should be explored in the future.

Does Screw Number of Zero-profile Implants in Fusion Segment Influence Intervertebral Stability?

OBJECTIVE: The unclear clinical outcomes of two different zero-profile implants with different number of screws in hybrid surgery restricts the choice of patient-specific implants. This study aims to compare two different implants on its postoperative subsidence, motion stabilization and clinical outcomes. It also provides references to the most reasonable implant choice in fusion surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. From February 2014 to March 2022, 173 patients who underwent hybrid surgery were included. Among them, 122 received surgery with a four screw implant, while 51 received a two screw implant. We analyzed the significance of patient-specific factors, radiographic factors and clinical outcomes. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, t tests/analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the two screw and four screw groups in terms of immediate, middle, and long-term stability and fusion rate (p > 0.05). However, the two screws group had higher FSU height subsidence at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and higher rates of significant subsidence at three and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant clinical improvements at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Two screw and four screw implants provide comparable stability, fusion rates and clinical outcomes. However, the two screw implant was inferior to the four screw implant in subsidence prevention. Therefore, the two-screw implant is non-inferior to the four-screw implant in most patients. It can be used as the priority choice in the fusion segment by its easy manageability. However, the patients with a high risk of subsidence such as multilevel surgery, the elderly, lower BMD, bad cervical alignment should receive a four screw implant rather than a two screw implant.

Poly(Lysine)-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots Conquer Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm-Induced Persistent Endodontic Infections.

Introduction: Persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) mediated by bacterial biofilm mainly cause persistent periapical inflammation, resulting in recurrent periapical abscesses and progressive bone destruction. However, conventional root canal disinfectants are highly damaging to the tooth and periodontal tissue and ineffective in treating persistent root canal infections. Antimicrobial materials that are biocompatible with apical tissues and can eliminate PEIs-associated bacteria are urgently needed. Methods: Here, ε-poly (L-lysine) derived carbon quantum dots (PL-CQDs) are fabricated using pyrolysis to remove PEIs-associated bacterial biofilms. Results: Due to their ultra-small size, high positive charge, and active reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity, PL-CQDs exhibit highly effective antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), which is greatly dependent on PL-CQDs concentrations. 100 µg/mL PL-CQDs could kill E. faecalis in 5 min. Importantly, PL-CQDs effectively achieved a reduction of biofilms in the isolated teeth model, disrupting the dense structure of biofilms. PL-CQDs have acceptable cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro and good biosafety in vivo. Discussion: Thus, PL-CQDs provide a new strategy for treating E. faecalis-associated PEIs.

Unraveling the mechanism of thermotolerance by Set302 in Cryptococcus neoformans.

The underlying mechanism of thermotolerance, which is a key virulence factor essential for pathogenic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, is largely unexplored. In this study, our findings suggest that Set302, a homolog of Set3 and a subunit of histone deacetylase complex Set3C, contributes to thermotolerance in C. neoformans. Specifically, the deletion of the predicted Set3C core subunit, Set302, resulted in further reduction in the growth of C. neoformans at 39°C, and survival of transient incubation at 50°C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the expression levels of numerous heat stress-responsive genes altered at both 30°C and 39°C due to the lack of Set302. Notably, at 39°C, the absence of Set302 led to the downregulation of gene expression related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Based on the GFP-α-synuclein overexpression model to characterize misfolded proteins, we observed a pronounced accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein at 39°C, consequently inhibiting C. neoformans thermotolerance. Furthermore, the loss of Set302 exacerbated the accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein during heat stress. Interestingly, the set302∆ strain exhibited a similar phenotype under proteasome stress as it did at 39°C. Moreover, the absence of Set302 led to reduced production of capsule and melanin. set302∆ strain also displayed significantly reduced pathogenicity and colonization ability compared to the wild-type strain in the murine infection model. Collectively, our findings suggest that Set302 modulates thermotolerance by affecting the degradation of misfolded proteins and multiple virulence factors to mediate the pathogenicity of C. neoformans.IMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that poses a potential and significant threat to public health. Thermotolerance plays a crucial role in the wide distribution in natural environments and host colonization of this fungus. Herein, Set302, a critical core subunit for the integrity of histone deacetylase complex Set3C and widely distributed in various fungi and mammals, governs thermotolerance and affects survival at extreme temperatures as well as the formation of capsule and melanin in C. neoformans. Additionally, Set302 participates in regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By eliminating misfolded proteins under heat stress, Set302 significantly contributes to the thermotolerance of C. neoformans. Moreover, Set302 regulates the pathogenicity and colonization ability of C. neoformans in a murine model. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of thermotolerance in C. neoformans.

The Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) dmrt1 gene converts females to males in medaka (Oryzias latipes).

BACKGROUND: Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) is widely distributed in freshwater rivers in China. Similar to the medaka (Oryzias latipes), Chinese medaka has the characteristics of small size, rapid reproductive cycle, and strong adaptability, which makes it suitable as a model organism for studies in basic biology and environmental toxicology. Chinese medaka exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism. However, due to the lack of complete genomic information, the regulation of sex determination and differentiation-related genes in Chinese medaka remains unclear. METHODS: Chinese medaka dmrt1 (Osdmrt1) was cloned by PCR, and transgenic individuals of medaka [Tg(CMV:Osdmrt1)] overexpressing Osdmrt1 were generated to investigate the role of Osdmrt1 in sex determination. Western blot was used to validate the integration of the Osdmrt1 into the medaka genome. Tissue sectioning and HE staining were used to identify Tg(CMV:Osdmrt1) physiological gender and phenotype. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of gonad-specific genes. RESULTS: Osdmrt1 was cloned and identified, and it shared similar evolutionary relationships with medaka dmrt1. Tg(CMV:Osdmrt1) exhibited partial sex reversal from female to male in the F2 generation, with genetically female individuals developing testes and producing functional sperm. Additionally, the secondary sexual characteristics of the transgenic females also changed to males. CONCLUSION: The Chinese medaka dmrt1 gene could convert females to males in medaka. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results not only elucidate the function of Chinese medaka dmrt1, but also accumulate knowledge for studying the function of economically important fish genes in model fish by transgenic technology.

Organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of ketone-derived dihydroquinazolinones via C(sp3)-C bond and C(sp3)-F bond cleavage.

An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of both acyclic and cyclic ketone derivatives with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been demonstrated, thus giving access to a diverse set of gem-difluoroalkenes in moderate to high yields. Pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones can be either pre-formed or in situ generated for ketone activation. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and drug-like molecules as well as the in vitro antifungal activity.

Combined influence of depression symptoms and ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies had reported depression symptoms and TG/HDLC ratio may share pathophysiological pathway. The aim was to investigate the combined effects of depression symptoms and TG/HDL-C ratio on the risk of CMM. METHODS: This cohort study extracted data from 2011 to 2018 of CHARLS. The CMM event occurred from 2013 to 2018, defined as suffering from more than one of stroke, cardiac events, and diabetes mellitus. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between the baseline combined effects of depression symptoms and TG/HDL-C ratio with incidence of CMM, stroke, cardiac events, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 8349 participants (3966 men and 4383 women) were included in the study, with a mean age of 58.5 years. During a 7-year follow-up survey, 370 (4.43 %) participants developed CMM. Compared to individuals with no depression symptoms and low TG/HDLC ratio, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CI) for the new-onset CMM for patients with the depression symptoms alone, high TG/HDLC ratio alone, and depression symptoms and high TG/HDLC ratio were 1.37 (95 % CI = 0.95-1.98), 1.62 (95 % CI = 1.22-2.14), 1.94 (95 % CI = 1.39-2.72), respectively (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Firstly, potential confounding factors such as dietary intake and nutrition were not collected at the time of study design. Secondly, exposure to the outcome was self-reported, which may cause recall bias or misclassification. Finally, the population was aged ≥45 years, so the results cannot be generalized to all age groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that patients with depression and high TG/HDLC ratio had a higher risk of developing CMM.

K2CO3-mediated annulation of 1,3-acetonedicarboxylates with 2-fluoro-1-nitroarenes: synthesis of indoles.

The K2CO3-mediated one-pot reaction of 1,3-acetonedicarboxylates with 2 equiv. of substituted 2-fluoro-1-nitrobenzenes has been developed to synthesize various 2,3-dicarboxylate indoles via a tandem annulation pathway. In the effective reaction, one carbon-carbon double bond, one carbon-carbon single bond and one carbon-nitrogen single bond are formed under open-vessel conditions. DFT calculations are used to rationalize the plausible mechanisms.

Heat stress-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairs spermatogenesis by regulating secondary bile acid metabolism in the gut.

Heat stress (HS) poses a substantial challenge to livestock. Studies have demonstrated that HS reduces fertility and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis in bulls. However, the impact of the gut microbiota on fertility in bulls during HS is still unclear. Our research revealed that HS exposure decreased semen quality in bulls, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from heat-stressed bulls to recipient mice resulted in a significant decrease in number of testicular germ cells and epididymal sperm. Untargeted metabolomics methodology and 16S rDNA sequencing conjoint analysis revealed that Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) seemed to be a key bacterial regulator of spermatogenesis after HS exposure. Moreover, the research indicated that A. muciniphila regulated secondary bile acid metabolism by promoting the colonization of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-metabolizing bacteria, leading to increase of retinol absorption in the host gut and subsequently elevation of testicular retinoic acid level, thereby improving spermatogenesis. This study sheds light on the relationship between HS-induced microbiota dysbiosis and spermatogenesis, offering a potential therapeutic approach for addressing bull spermatogenic dysfunction triggered by HS exposure.

Ball-milled biochar-modified zero-valent aluminum activates peroxodisulfate for phenol degradation: Enhancement of catalysis by membrane-breaking effect.

Zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) is a potential activator for peroxodisulfate (PDS), yet the dense oxide film on its surface hampers electron transfer for the O-O bond cleavage of PDS. We synthesized zero-valent aluminum-biochar (BM-ZVAl@BC) composites through ball milling, which effectively disrupted the native oxide layer on BM-ZVAl@BC. Within the BM-ZVAl@BC/PDS system, biochar (BC) not only suppressed the rapid oxidation of BM-ZVAl@BC but also enhanced the dispersion and electron transfer rate of ZVAl, thereby improving the overall catalytic efficiency. Consequently, the phenol removal efficacy in the BM-ZVAl@BC/PDS system was notably improved. Optimal catalytic performance of the prepared BM-ZVAl@BC was achieved at a charcoal-to­aluminum mass ratio of 2:1, resulting in 95.7 % phenol removal after 180 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that both free radicals (SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-) and non-radical species (1O2) contributed to phenol degradation, with SO4•- and •OH playing predominant roles. In summary, the BM-ZVAl@BC/PDS system represented an effective and promising technology for the remediation of phenolic water pollutants.

Fast and flexible solid-state linear transformer driver for plasma discharge based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

A pulsed power supply with a short rise time and high repetition frequency is favorable to driving diffusive plasma for strongly oxidizing radical (O3, OH) generation and increasing the system's energy efficiency. In this paper, a 10-stage solid-state linear transformer driver (LTD) with a nanosecond rise time is developed to drive plasma for wastewater treatment. To decrease the rise time, a control system with low jitter is developed to improve the synchronization of pulses using an optocoupler isolation chip. A 10-stage LTD with a rise time of 6.2 ns is realized in the case that the rise time of the single-stage LTD is 5.4 ns. The results show that the LTD can generate pulses on a 300 Ω resistive load with a repetition frequency of 10 kHz, an amplitude of 8.80 kV, an overshoot less than 3.97%, and a reverse overshoot less than 4.82%. The rise time (6.2-33.0 ns), the pulse width (35.9-200.0 ns), and the fall time (10.5-27.6 ns) can be adjusted flexibly and independently by controlling the drive signals of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The pulsed generator is utilized to drive plasma in the needle-water electrode system. The preliminary experimental results show that the plasma includes abundant oxygen atoms and hydroxyl radicals with high activity, and it is suitable for wastewater treatment.

Human molybdenum exposure risk in industrial regions of China: New critical effect indicators and reference dose.

Evidence increasingly suggests molybdenum exposure at environmental levels is still associated with adverse human health, emphasizing the necessity to establish a more protective reference dose (RfD). Herein, we conducted a study measuring 15 urinary metals and 30 clinical health indicators in 2267 participants residing near chemical enterprises across 11 Chinese provinces to investigate their relationships. The kidney and cystatin-C emerged as the most sensitive organ and critical effect indicator of molybdenum exposure, respectively. Odds of cystatin-C-defined chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the highest quantile of molybdenum exposure significantly increased by 133.5% (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.78, 3.11) and 75.8% (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.49) before and after adjusting for urinary 14 metals, respectively. Intriguingly, cystatin-C significantly mediated 15.9-89.5% of molybdenum's impacts on liver and lung function, suggesting nephrotoxicity from molybdenum exposure may trigger hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. We derived a new RfD for molybdenum exposure (0.87 µg/kg-day) based on cystatin-C-defined estimated glomerular filtration rate by employing Bayesian Benchmark Dose modeling analysis. This RfD is significantly lower than current exposure guidance values (5-30 µg/kg-day). Remarkably, >90% of participants exceeded the new RfD, underscoring the significant health impacts of environmental molybdenum exposure on populations in industrial regions of China.

Leakage Proof, Flame-Retardant, and Electromagnetic Shield Wood Morphology Genetic Composite Phase Change Materials for Solar Thermal Energy Harvesting.

Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a promising solution to address the challenges posed by intermittency and fluctuations in solar thermal utilization. However, for organic solid-liquid PCMs, issues such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, lack of efficient solar-thermal media, and flammability have constrained their broad applications. Herein, we present an innovative class of versatile composite phase change materials (CPCMs) developed through a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis approach, leveraging the inherent anisotropy and unidirectional porosity of wood aerogel (nanowood) to support polyethylene glycol (PEG). The wood modification process involves the incorporation of phytic acid (PA) and MXene hybrid structure through an evaporation-induced assembly method, which could impart non-leaking PEG filling while concurrently facilitating thermal conduction, light absorption, and flame-retardant. Consequently, the as-prepared wood-based CPCMs showcase enhanced thermal conductivity (0.82 W m-1 K-1, about 4.6 times than PEG) as well as high latent heat of 135.5 kJ kg-1 (91.5% encapsulation) with thermal durability and stability throughout at least 200 heating and cooling cycles, featuring dramatic solar-thermal conversion efficiency up to 98.58%. In addition, with the synergistic effect of phytic acid and MXene, the flame-retardant performance of the CPCMs has been significantly enhanced, showing a self-extinguishing behavior. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic shielding of 44.45 dB was endowed to the CPCMs, relieving contemporary health hazards associated with electromagnetic waves. Overall, we capitalize on the exquisite wood cell structure with unidirectional transport inherent in the development of multifunctional CPCMs, showcasing the operational principle through a proof-of-concept prototype system.

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures: multimodal imaging and associated diseases.

Growing evidence has demonstrated that peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are novel structures rather than a subtype of optic disc drusen. They correspond to the laterally bulging herniation of optic nerve fibers and are believed to be the marker of axoplasmic stasis. PHOMS present in a broad spectrum of diseases, including optic disc drusen, tilted disc syndrome, papilloedema, multiple sclerosis, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and so on. We focus on the multimodal imaging features, pathophysiological mechanisms of PHOMS, and their association with multiple diseases and healthy people in this review to deepen the ophthalmologists' understanding of PHOMS. Additionally, we provide some new directions for future research.

Ts2O Promoted Deoxygenative C-H Dithiocarbonation of Quinoline N-Oxides with Potassium O-Alkyl Xanthates.

A simple, efficient, and practical method for the synthesis of S-quinolyl xanthates was developed via Ts2O-promoted deoxygenative C-H dithiocarbonation of quinoline N-oxides with various potassium O-alkyl xanthates. The reaction performed well under transition-metal-free, base-free, and room-temperature conditions with wide substrate tolerance. Employing potassium O-tert-butyl xanthate (tBuOCS2K) as a nucleophile, some valuable quinoline-2-thiones were unexpectedly obtained in a one-pot reaction without any additional base.