Vaccine-carditis study: Spanish multicenter registry of inflammatory heart disease after COVID-19 vaccination.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been a major scientific and medical achievement in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, very infrequent cases of inflammatory heart disease have been described as adverse events, leading to uncertainty in the scientific community and in the general population. METHODS: The Vaccine-Carditis Registry has included all cases of myocarditis and pericarditis diagnosed within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination since August 1, 2021 in 29 centers throughout the Spanish territory. The definitions of myocarditis (probable or confirmed) and pericarditis followed the consensus of the Centers for Disease Control and the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. A comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and 3-month evolution is presented. RESULTS: From August 1, 2021, to March 10, 2022, 139 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis were recorded (81.3% male, median age 28 years). Most cases were detected in the 1st week after administration of an mRNA vaccine, the majority after the second dose. The most common presentation was mixed inflammatory disease (myocarditis and pericarditis). 11% had left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 4% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and 21% had pericardial effusion. In cardiac magnetic resonance studies, left ventricular inferolateral involvement was the most frequent pattern (58%). More than 90% of cases had a benign clinical course. After a 3-month follow-up, the incidence of adverse events was 12.78% (1.44% mortality). CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, inflammatory heart disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects young men in the 1st week after the second dose of RNA-m vaccine and presents a favorable clinical course in most cases.

Long-term prognostic value of peak exercise echocardiogram in patients hospitalized with acute chest pain.

INTRODUCTION: Peak exercise echocardiogram (EEcho) has shown reasonable sensitivity and specificity in detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of EEcho in patients hospitalized for acute chest pain (CP) and its additional prognostic information regarding exercise electrocardiogram test (EECG). METHODS: Prospective observational study performed between May 2011 and September 2013, including 250 patients consecutively admitted for acute CP with normal cardiac biomarkers and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. All patients were prospectively followed for 1 year, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded: cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or angina with coronary revascularization. RESULTS: EEcho was positive in 16%. Patients with positive EEcho had a higher incidence of hypertension and higher TIMI risk score, showing significant CAD in 66%. We observed contradictory results (EECG-EEcho) in 20%. Patients with positive EEcho and negative EECG had significant CAD in the 66%, and patients undergoing coronary angiography with negative EEcho and positive EECG did not show significant coronary artery disease. Only positive EEcho (P<.001, HR 0.169; 95% CI, 0.088-0.250) and atrial fibrillation (P<.025, HR 0.125; 95% CI, 0.016-0.233) were independently associated with MACE during follow-up. In patients with negative EEcho, the presence of MACE was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: EEcho in patients hospitalized for acute chest pain presents good ability to diagnose acute coronary syndrome, while providing additional information when combined with an EECG in up to 20% of cases. Moreover, a negative EEcho in this cohort seems to provide prognostic information beyond the acute event to predict long-term MACE.