Evaluation of aquifer hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity of Ezza/Ikwo area, Southeastern Nigeria, using pumping test and surficial resistivity techniques.

Aquifer hydraulic parameters including hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity play a very important role in the assessment and management of groundwater. Conventionally, these parameters are best estimated employing pump test, which is usually expensive and time-consuming. The use of surficial electrical resistivity data integrated with few available pumping test data provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative. A total of thirty-five (35) vertical electrical soundings with a maximum half-current electrode spacing of 150 m using the Schlumberger array were used in this study. Five (5) of these soundings were parametric soundings carried out in the vicinity of monitoring wells for correlation and comparative purposes. The empirical relationships between the hydraulic parameters derived from the pump test data and the aquifer resistivity data were established for the Ebonyi and Abakaliki Formations, respectively, and, in turn, used to estimate aquifer hydraulic parameters in areas away from wells. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity estimated across the study area varies from 0.49 to 1.5735 m/day with a mean value of 0.9205 m/day for the Ebonyi Formation, while the Abakaliki Formation has hydraulic conductivity values that vary from 0.0775 to 1.3023 m/day, with a mean value of 0.2883 m/day. The transmissivity values estimated across the study area range between 0.29 and 57.27 m2/day with a mean value of 6.59 m2/day. Transmissivity values obtained were interpreted with Krásný's transmissivity classification, and this delineated the study area into three groundwater potential zones: very low, low, and intermediate zones. The study shows that the areas underlain by the Ebonyi Formation have a higher groundwater potential than those underlain by the Abakaliki Formation. These findings are supported by the geology of the area, which revealed that the Abakaliki Formation is dominated by shales with very low permeability, while the Ebonyi Formation consists of shales with alternations of sand/sandstones, which statistical analysis of the different model equations used in estimating the hydraulic parameters of the study area revealed that the new model empirical equations proposed and used in the present study proved to be the best alternatives to pumping test data.

Nonrelativistic solutions of Schrödinger equation and thermodynamic properties with the proposed modified Mobius square plus Eckart potential.

We obtain solutions of Schrödinger equation for the modified Mobius square plus Eckart (MMPSE) potential via the formula method. Numerical results are reported. In addition, the partition function Z and other thermodynamic properties such as vibrational free energy, F, vibrational internal energy, U, vibrational entropy, S, and vibrational specific heat, C are presented. We also discuss special cases of this potential. Our result is consistent with previous studies in the literature.

Nonrelativistic treatment of inversely quadratic Hellmann-Kratzer potential and thermodynamic properties.

The study presents approximate analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation with a newly proposed potential model called Inversely Quadratic Hellmann-Kratzer potential (IQHKP). This potential is a superposition of Inversely Quadratic Hellman potential and Kratzer potential. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wavefunction are calculated via the formula method. We applied our results to evaluate thermodynamic functions such as vibrational free energy, F, vibrational internal energy, U, vibrational entropy, S, and vibrational specific heat, C. We also reported special cases of importance.

Estimates of aquifer geo-hydraulic and vulnerability characteristics of Imo State and environs, Southeastern Nigeria, using electrical conductivity data.

Two hundred and twenty-six vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were acquired across the study area that has six geologic formations for the purpose of evaluating the geo-hydraulic potentials and the protective capacity of the aquifers of the study area. Schlumberger array was adopted for data acquisition using the ABEM™ Terrameter SAS 4000. Results of the study revealed four to six geo-electric layers. A variety of geo-electric curve types were identified in the study area with the KK curve type being dominant. The aquifer zones lie between the third and sixth layers with their resistivity values ranging from 101 to 8900 Ωm with a mean value of 1799 Ωm. Estimates of the aquifer hydraulic characteristics using the new set of model equations based on conductivity data revealed hydraulic conductivity range of 0.925 and 13.42 m/day while transmissivity ranged between 16.0 and 887 m2/day. These findings showed that groundwater potential is high in Benin Formation, moderate in Nsukka and Ajali Formations, and generally poor within Ogwashi and Imo Shale Formations. Aquifer vulnerability studies revealed that the values of the integrated electrical conductivity (IEC) of the study area ranged between 28.4 and 2202 mS with a mean value of 403 mS. Results of the IEC revealed that the aquifer protective capacity of most parts of the study area were extremely poor (86.2%) with percolation period of several months while only 1.8% of the study area are fairly good. The aquifers of the study area may therefore be vulnerable to contamination from anthropogenic sources, and adequate aquifer protective strategies are therefore recommended.