Subphenotypes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-flow oxygen.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes differ in outcomes and treatment responses. Subphenotypes in high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO)-treated ARDS patients have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To identify biological subphenotypes in HFNO-treated ARDS patients. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study including ARDS patients supported with HFNO. Plasma inflammation markers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and IL-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 [sST2]) and lung epithelial (receptor for advanced glycation end products [RAGE] and surfactant protein D [SP-D]) and endothelial (angiopoietin-2 [Ang-2]) injury were measured. These biomarkers and bicarbonate were used in K-means cluster analysis to identify subphenotypes. Logistic regression was performed on biomarker combinations to predict clustering. We chose the model with the best AUROC and the lowest number of variables. This model was used to describe the HAIS (High-flow ARDS Inflammatory Subphenotype) score. RESULTS: Among 41 HFNO patients, two subphenotypes were identified. Hyperinflammatory subphenotype (n = 17) showed higher biomarker levels than hypoinflammatory (n = 24). Despite similar baseline characteristics, the hyperinflammatory subphenotype had higher 60-day mortality (47 vs 8.3% p = 0.014) and longer ICU length of stay (22.0 days [18.0-30.0] vs 39.5 [25.5-60.0], p = 0.034). The HAIS score, based on IL-8 and sST2, accurately distinguished subphenotypes (AUROC 0.96 [95%CI: 0.90-1.00]). A HAIS score ≥ 7.45 was predictor of hyperinflammatory subphenotype. CONCLUSION: ARDS patients treated with HFNO exhibit two biological subphenotypes that have similar clinical characteristics, but hyperinflammatory patients have worse outcomes. The HAIS score may identify patients with hyperinflammatory subphenotype and might be used for enrichment strategies in future clinical trials.

Heterogeneity in Lowe Syndrome: Mutations Affecting the Phosphatase Domain of OCRL1 Differ in Impact on Enzymatic Activity and Severity of Cellular Phenotypes.

Lowe Syndrome (LS) is a condition due to mutations in the OCRL1 gene, characterized by congenital cataracts, intellectual disability, and kidney malfunction. Unfortunately, patients succumb to renal failure after adolescence. This study is centered in investigating the biochemical and phenotypic impact of patient's OCRL1 variants (OCRL1VAR). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that some OCRL1VAR are stabilized in a non-functional conformation by focusing on missense mutations affecting the phosphatase domain, but not changing residues involved in binding/catalysis. The pathogenic and conformational characteristics of the selected variants were evaluated in silico and our results revealed some OCRL1VAR to be benign, while others are pathogenic. Then we proceeded to monitor the enzymatic activity and function in kidney cells of the different OCRL1VAR. Based on their enzymatic activity and presence/absence of phenotypes, the variants segregated into two categories that also correlated with the severity of the condition they induce. Overall, these two groups mapped to opposite sides of the phosphatase domain. In summary, our findings highlight that not every mutation affecting the catalytic domain impairs OCRL1's enzymatic activity. Importantly, data support the inactive-conformation hypothesis. Finally, our results contribute to establishing the molecular and structural basis for the observed heterogeneity in severity/symptomatology displayed by patients.

Biomarker Profiles Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze biomarkers that might predict the severity and progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, both in the acute phase and after recovery. METHODS: Unvaccinated patients infected with the original strain of COVID-19 requiring ward (Group 1, n = 48) or ICU (Group 2, n = 41) admission were included. At the time of admission (visit 1), a clinical history was acquired, and blood samples were obtained. One and six months after discharge from the hospital (visits 2 and 3, respectively), a clinical history, lung function tests, and blood samples were carried out. At visit 2, patients also underwent a chest CT scan. Different cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-É£, MCP-1, MIP-1ß, and TNF-α) and lung fibrosis biomarkers (YKL-40 and KL-6) were measured in blood samples obtained at visits 1, 2, and 3. RESULTS: At visit 1, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 levels were higher in Group 2 (p = 0.039, 0.011, and 0.045, respectively), and IL-17 and IL-8 levels were higher in Group 1 (p = 0.026 and 0.001, respectively). The number of patients in Groups 1 and 2 who died during hospitalization was 8 and 11, respectively. YKL-40 and KL-6 levels were higher in patients who died. Serum YKL-40 and KL-6 levels determined at visit 2 correlated negatively with FVC (p = 0.022 and p = 0.024, respectively) and FEV1 (p = 0.012 and p = 0.032, respectively) measured at visit 3. KL-6 levels also correlated negatively with the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who required ICU admission had higher levels of Th2 cytokines, while patients admitted to the ward showed an innate immune response activation, with IL-8 release and Th1/Th17 lymphocyte contribution. Increased levels of YKL-40 and KL-6 were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Nanostructured poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) interface for electrochemical immunosensing of p53 protein.

A poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) nanostructured interface was electrochemically assembled step-by-step on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for label-free detection of p53 protein. The initial electrical conductive properties of the polymeric interface were increased with an additional layer of poly(methylene blue) electropolymerized in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The nano-immunosensing architecture was prepared by covalent immobilization of anti-p53 antibodies as bioreceptors through the poly(thiophene acetic acid) moieties. The nano-immunosensor assembly was extensively characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, p53 was specifically and selectively detected by square wave voltammetry in a linear range between 1 and 100 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.65 ng mL-1. In addition, the electrochemical nano-immunosensor detected p53 in spiked human serum samples and colorectal cancer cell lysates, and the results were validated with a standard spectrophotometric method using a paired samples t test, which did not exhibit significant differences between both methods. The resultant p53 nano-immunosensor is simple to assemble, robust, and has the potential for point-of-care biomarker detection applications.

Oxygen Consumption with High-Flow Nasal Oxygen versus Mechanical Ventilation- An International Multicenter Observational Study in COVID-19 Patients (PROXY-COVID).

The COVID-19 pandemic led to local oxygen shortages worldwide. To gain a better understanding of oxygen consumption with different respiratory supportive therapies, we conducted an international multicenter observational study to determine the precise amount of oxygen consumption with high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and with mechanical ventilation. A retrospective observational study was conducted in three intensive care units (ICUs) in the Netherlands and Spain. Patients were classified as HFNO patients or ventilated patients, according to the mode of oxygen supplementation with which a patient started. The primary endpoint was actual oxygen consumption; secondary endpoints were hourly and total oxygen consumption during the first two full calendar days. Of 275 patients, 147 started with HFNO and 128 with mechanical ventilation. Actual oxygen use was 4.9-fold higher in patients who started with HFNO than in patients who started with ventilation (median 14.2 [8.4-18.4] versus 2.9 [1.8-4.1] L/minute; mean difference = 11.3 [95% CI 11.0-11.6] L/minute; P < 0.01). Hourly and total oxygen consumption were 4.8-fold (P < 0.01) and 4.8-fold (P < 0.01) higher. Actual oxygen consumption, hourly oxygen consumption, and total oxygen consumption are substantially higher in patients that start with HFNO compared with patients that start with mechanical ventilation. This information may help hospitals and ICUs predicting oxygen needs during high-demand periods and could guide decisions regarding the source of distribution of medical oxygen.

Complete atrioventricular block secondary to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine The report of a rare adverse event; the first description in Colombia

Introduction: cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19 infection are very frequent. However, these complications are rarely reported as a vaccine reaction. Case presentation: a female patient with no significant cardiovascular history developed functional class deterioration 14 days after her third dose of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, along with three syncopal episodes. She was seen at a primary care level and an electrocardiogram was ordered which showed Mobitz 2 atrioventricular block which progressed to a complete block. Molecular tests for COVID-19 infection were negative, as were immunological studies for collagen disease, Chagas, and viral myocarditis. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed no regional kinetic disturbances, and the ejection fraction was preserved at 60%. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed edema in the T2-STIR sequences, and subepicardial enhancement in the medial distal lateral region was compatible with acute myocarditis. The patient required a permanent pacemaker. Discussion: electrical or mechanical dysfunction secondary to a COVID-19 vaccine is anecdotal, with few reports in the literature. In a review of both the 2021 European Society of Cardiology and the 2018 American Heart Association Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy, no recommendation was found for these types of events associated with COVID-19 or following vaccination. An international network should be created to report these events and thus determine general management guidelines. For now, the recommendations must be individualized for these patients. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2602).

STARS: Un instrumento útil para evaluar la ansiedad a la estadística / STARS: A useful tool to evaluate anxiety to statistics

Resumen. La ansiedad a la estadística se define como un conjunto de reacciones emocionales que generan incomodidad en el individuo, como preocupación excesiva, ideas intrusivas y tensión al asistir a una asignatura que involucre estadística o análisis estadísticos. Para su medición, se han diseñado distintos instrumentos; el más usado es la Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS). El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y validar la escala STARS en una muestra colombiana para explorar sus propiedades psicométricas. Participaron 357 estudiantes universitarios con edades entre los 18 y 36 años (M= 19.19, DE = 1.87). Los resultados evidencian que las subescalas de la STARS muestran excelentes niveles de fiabilidad; el análisis factorial confirma la estructura de seis dimensiones y se reporta una validez concurrente importante. Se recomienda su uso para investigación y como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en procesos de acompañamiento académico en universidades.

Abstract. Statistics anxiety is defined as a set of emotional reactions that generate discomfort in the students, such as excessive worry, intrusive ideas and tension when they attending a course that involves statistics or statistical analysis. For its measurement, different instruments have been designed; the most used is the Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS). The objective of the present study was to adapt and validate the STARS in a Colombian sample to explore its psychometric properties. A total of 357 university students with ages between 18 and 36 years participated (X = 19.19, D.E. = 1.87). The results show that the subscales of the STARS show excellent levels of reliability; factor analysis confirms the six-dimensional structure and important concurrent validity is reported. It is recommended for research and as a tool for decision making in academic support processes in universities.

Cerium oxide-doped PEDOT nanocomposite for label-free electrochemical immunosensing of anti-p53 autoantibodies.

A label-free nanoimmunosensor is reported based on p53/CeO2/PEDOT nanobiocomposite-decorated screen-printed gold electrodes (SPAuE) for the electrochemical detection of anti-p53 autoantibodies. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and stabilized with cyanopropyltriethoxysilane by a soft chemistry method. The nanoimmunosensing architecture was prepared by in situ electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on SPAuE in the presence of CeO2 NPs. The CeO2 NPs and Ce/PEDOT/SPAuE were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Ce/PEDOT/SPAuE was biofunctionalized with p53 antigen by covalent bonding for the label-free determination of anti-p53 autoantibodies by differential pulse voltammetry. The nanobiocomposite-based nanoimmunosensor detected anti-p53 autoantibodies in a linear range from 10 to 1000 pg mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 pg mL-1. The nanoimmunosensor offered high specificity, selectivity, and long-term storage stability with great potential to detect anti-p53 autoantibodies in serum samples. Overall, incorporating organo-functional nanoparticles into polymeric matrices can provide a simple-to-assemble, rapid, and ultrasensitive approach for on-site screening of anti-p53 autoantibodies and other disease-related biomarkers with low sample volumes.

Closed-loop oxygen control improves oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients under high flow nasal oxygen: a randomized cross-over study (the HILOOP study).

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the efficacy of a closed-loop oxygen control in critically ill patients with moderate to severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) treated with high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). METHODS: In this single-centre, single-blinded, randomized crossover study, adult patients with moderate to severe AHRF who were treated with HFNO (flow rate ≥ 40 L/min with FiO2 ≥ 0.30) were randomly assigned to start with a 4-h period of closed-loop oxygen control or 4-h period of manual oxygen titration, after which each patient was switched to the alternate therapy. The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent in the individualized optimal SpO2 range. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were included. Patients spent more time in the optimal SpO2 range with closed-loop oxygen control compared with manual titrations of oxygen (96.5 [93.5 to 98.9] % vs. 89 [77.4 to 95.9] %; p < 0.0001) (difference estimate, 10.4 (95% confidence interval 5.2 to 17.2). Patients spent less time in the suboptimal range during closed-loop oxygen control, both above and below the cut-offs of the optimal SpO2 range, and less time above the suboptimal range. Fewer number of manual adjustments per hour were needed with closed-loop oxygen control. The number of events of SpO2 < 88% and < 85% were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Closed-loop oxygen control improves oxygen administration in patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF treated with HFNO, increasing the percentage of time in the optimal oxygenation range and decreasing the workload of healthcare personnel. These results are especially relevant in a context of limited oxygen supply and high medical demand, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration The HILOOP study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov under the identifier NCT04965844 .

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Jehovah's Witness patients: Case report, literature review, and summary of recommendations.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is commonly associated with a high blood transfusion requirement. Jehovah's Witness patients present a particular challenge. The impossibility of transfusing blood cells and starting anticoagulation treatment are common contraindications for this supportive measure. Here we report the case of a Jehovah's Witness patient with refractory hypoxemia due to influenza A H1N1 pneumonia who required venovenous ECMO for 11 days. We describe the use of a bloodless approach to reduce the waste of blood, avoiding anticoagulation, and improving red blood cell production. We then summarize the current literature on the use of ECMO in Jehovah's Witness patients and, finally, we propose some recommendations for their management.

To prone or not to prone ARDS patients on ECMO.

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at  https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2021 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from  https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901 .

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and the Need for Organ Support Predict Mortality in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy resulting in increased definitive cure rates or extended disease-free survival in various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. However, because of the high risk of severe complications of this therapy, up to 50% of patients may require being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to manage life-threatening conditions. We aimed to evaluate the in-hospital mortality of allo-HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU and to identify those variables associated with in-hospital mortality. A 10-year (January 2010 to December 2019), single-center, retrospective study was conducted in Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. We included all consecutive allo-HSCT patients who required admission to the ICU. Baseline and disease-related characteristics were registered. Severity scores and the need for organ support were also assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 of ICU admission. In-hospital mortality-associated independent variables were identified using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Three hundred twenty-three patients underwent allo-HSCT during the study period, of whom 82 (25%) were admitted to the ICU; 53 (65%) male, with a median age of 51 (38-59) years. Most patients received allo-HSCT for the treatment of lymphoma (20 patients [24%]) or acute leukemia (44 patients [54%]). The median Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 23 (17-28), and the median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on admission was 9 (7-11). Forty-nine (60%) patients died in the ICU, and 11 (13%) died in the hospital after being discharged from the ICU. Disease-related characteristics were not associated with mortality. Yet, SOFA score on day 1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.04-1.02]; P = .002), the need for vasopressors on day 3 (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.27-4.36]; P = .007), and a nondecreasing SOFA score on day 5 (HR: 2.13 [95% CI: 1.03-4.39]; P = .04), were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Mortality in allo-HSCT patients who require ICU admission remains high. In the present study, SOFA score, the need for vasopressors on day 3, and a nondecreasing SOFA score on day 5 predicted in-hospital mortality.

ZrN Phase Formation, Hardening and Nitrogen Diffusion Kinetics in Plasma Nitrided Zircaloy-4.

Plasma nitridation was conducted to modify the surfaces of Zircaloy-4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman analysis were used to characterize microstructures and phases. Surface indentation and cross-sectional indentation were performed to evaluate mechanical property changes. Nitridation forms a thin layer of ZrN phase, followed by a much deeper layer affected by nitrogen diffusion. The ZrN phase is confirmed by both TEM and Raman characterization. The Raman peaks of ZrN phase show a temperature dependence. The intensity increases with increasing nitridation temperatures, reaches a maximum at 700 °C, and then decreases at higher temperatures. The ZrN layer appears as continuous small columnar grains. The surface polycrystalline ZrN phase is harder than the bulk by a factor of ~8, and the nitrogen diffusion layer is harder by a factor of ~2-5. The activation energy of nitrogen diffusion was measured to be 2.88 eV. The thickness of the nitrogen-hardened layer is controllable by changing the nitridation temperature and duration.

Pleth variability index may predict preload responsiveness in patients treated with nasal high flow: a physiological study.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the plethysmographic variability index ("PVi") can predict preload responsiveness in patients with nasal high flow (NHF) (≥30 L/min) with any sign of hypoperfusion. "Preload responsiveness" was defined as a ≥10% increase in stroke volume (SV), measured by transthoracic echocardiography, after passive leg raising. SV and PVi were reassessed in preload responders after receiving a 250-mL fluid challenge. Twenty patients were included and 12 patients (60%) were preload responders. Responders showed higher baseline mean PVi (24% vs. 13%; P = 0.001) and higher mean PVi variation (ΔPVi) after passive leg raising (6.8% vs. -1.7%; P < 0.001). No differences between mean ΔPVi after passive leg raising and mean ΔPVi after fluid challenge were observed (6.8% vs. 7.4%; P = 0.24); and both values were strongly correlated (r = 0.84; P < 0.001). Baseline PVi and ΔPVi after passive leg raising showed excellent diagnostic accuracy identifying preload responders (AUROC 0.92 and 1.00, respectively). Baseline PVi ≥ 16% had a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 87.5% for detecting preload responders. Similarly, ΔPVi after passive leg raising ≥2% had a 100% of both sensitivity and specificity. Thus, PVi might predict "preload responsiveness" in patients treated with NHF, suggesting that it may guide fluid administration in these patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study that analyzes the use of noninvasive plethysmographic variability index (PVi) for preload assessment in patients treated with nasal high flow (NHF). Its results showed that PVi might identify preload responders. Therefore, PVi may be used in the day-to-day clinical decision-making process in critically ill patients treated with NHF, helping to provide adequate resuscitation volume.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Retrieval in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Series of 19 Patients Supported at a High-Volume Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation retrieval team at a high-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DESIGN: Observational study including all adult patients with confirmed infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 cannulated at other centers and transported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to the ICU of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital between 15 March and 10 June 2020. SETTING: The ICU (capacity expanded to 200 during the pandemic) of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (a 1,100-bed public university hospital in Barcelona), the referral center for extracorporeal respiratory support in Catalonia (7.5 million inhabitants). PATIENTS: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was considered if the Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than 80 mm Hg (refractory to prone position) and/or Paco2 greater than 80 mm Hg and pH less than 7.25 for more than 6 hours, and no contraindications for extracorporeal support were present. INTERVENTIONS: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated in the primary center. Then, patients were transferred to the ICU of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital where they received support until respiratory improvement. After decannulation, patients were discharged for rehabilitation at the primary center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nineteen patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection and with a mean Pao2/Fio2 ratio of 71 mm Hg (57-118 mm Hg) despite prone positioning and a mean Paco2 of 70 mm Hg (47-110 mm Hg) were transferred to our center from their primary hospital after cannulation and received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Prior to cannulation, six patients (31.5%) presented vascular thrombosis, and nine (47.4%) were already receiving anticoagulant therapy. Eighteen transfers were carried out with no significant complications. While on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombotic events were recorded in nine patients (47.4%) and hemorrhagic events in 13 (68.4%). Thirteen patients (68.4%) were successfully weaned, and 12 (63.1%) were discharged home. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation retrieval can rescue young, previously healthy patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in whom all the conventional respiratory measures have failed. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications are frequent in this cohort.

Assessing the Influence of the Sourcing Voltage on Polyaniline Composites for Stress Sensing Applications.

Polyaniline (PANI) has recently gained great attention due to its outstanding electrical properties and ease of processability; these characteristics make it ideal for the manufacturing of polymer blends. In this study, the processing and piezoresistive characterization of polymer composites resulting from the blend of PANI with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in different weight percentages (wt %) is reported. The PANI/UHMWPE composites were uniformly homogenized by mechanical mixing and the pellets were manufactured by compression molding. A total of four pellets were manufactured, with PANI percentages of 20, 25, 30 and 35 wt %. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to confirm the effective distribution of PANI and UHMWPE particles in the pellets. A piezoresistive characterization was performed on the basis of compressive forces at different voltages; it was found that the error metrics of hysteresis and drift were influenced by the operating voltage. In general, larger voltages lowered the error metrics, but a reduction in sensor sensitivity came along with voltage increments. In an attempt to explain such a phenomenon, the authors developed a microscopic model for the piezoresistive response of PANI composites, aiming towards a broader usage of PANI composites in strain/stress sensing applications as an alternative to carbonaceous materials.

Electrochemical Biosensors for Determination of Colorectal Tumor Biomarkers.

The accurate determination of specific tumor markers associated with cancer with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures is the most promising approach to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients and fight against the high incidence and mortality of this disease. Quantification of biomarkers at different stages of the disease can lead to an appropriate and instantaneous therapeutic action. In this context, the determination of biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors is at the forefront of cancer diagnosis research because of their unique features such as their versatility, fast response, accurate quantification, and amenability for multiplexing and miniaturization. In this review, after briefly discussing the relevant aspects and current challenges in the determination of colorectal tumor markers, it will critically summarize the development of electrochemical biosensors to date to this aim, highlighting the enormous potential of these devices to be incorporated into the clinical practice. Finally, it will focus on the remaining challenges and opportunities to bring electrochemical biosensors to the point-of-care testing.

Bienestar subjetivo e imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarias de Arequipa / Subjective wellbeing and body image in college students in Arequipa

Este estudio exploró la correlación entre el bienestar subjetivo y la imagen corporal de las estudiantes mujeres en una universidad de Arequipa. La muestra estuvo constituida de 155 estudiantes mujeres entre los 17 y 24 años de las tres carreras profesionales. Las participantes fueron evaluadas en sus respectivos salones. La validación del Cuestionario de la Imagen Corporal (BSQ) fue calculada con Alfa de Cronbach y se obtuvo un valor de 0.92. Los resultados indicaron que existe una correlación negativa significativa entre el bienestar subjetivo y la imagen corporal (r = -0.478; p < 0.001). Asimismo, se indicó que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las carreras de administración y derecho con respecto al bienestar subjetivo (t = 0.201; p > 0.05) y a la imagen corporal (t = -0.606; p > 0.05). Esto muestra que la distorsión de la imagen corporal tiene un impacto negativo en el bienestar subjetivo de las estudiantes universitarias mujeres.

This study explored the correlation between subjective wellbeing and body image of female students at a university in Arequipa. The sample consisted by 155 female students between 17 and 24 years old from the three professional careers. The participants were evaluated in their respective classrooms. The validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was calculated using CronbachÆs alpha and obtained a value of 0.92. The results indicated that there is significant negative correlation between the subjective wellbeing and body image (r = -0.478; p < 0.001). It was also noted that there is no statistical significant difference between management and law careers with respect to the subjective wellbeing (t = 0.201; p > 0.05) and body image (t = -0.606; p > 0.05). This shows that the distortion of body image has a negative impact on the subjective wellbeing of women university students.

[Prevalence of processes and pathologies dealt with by the pre-hospital emergency medical services in Spain]. / Prevalencia de procesos y patologías atendidos por los servicios de emergencia médica extrahospitalaria en España.

UNLABELLED: This study was carried out by contacting 26 Medical Emergency Services (MES), through survey, with final data obtained from 22. Population covered: 42,538,730. Total number of calls: 7,656,768, with 711,228 interventions. Number of operational forces: intensive care units (mobile-ICUs): 329, rapid intervention vehicles (RIV) 20, health ambulances 39 and medical helicopters 39 (4 of them 24 hour: Canary Islands and Castile-La Mancha) and 3 airplanes. INTERVENTIONS: mobile-ICUs: 94.3%, medical helicopters: 1.4% and health ambulances: 4.3%. Number of A&E doctors/day: 388, nursing personnel 427. Pathologies dealt with, grouped according to ICE-9-MC: V-psychiatry group: 3.7%, VI-neurological group: 2.7%, VII-cardiovascular group: 9.3%, VIII-respiratory group: 3.2%, XVII-lesions poisonings group: 23.1%, IX-digestive group: 1.3%, X-XI-genital-urinary and gynaecology-obstetrics groups: 1.4%, XVI-group of other ill-defined pathologies: 40.1%. Specifically studied groups (from the MESs that provided them) were: thoracic pain- dyspnea: 3.7%, ictus/acute cerebrovascular accident: 0.9%, alteration in consciousness: 7.7%, syncope-blackout: 2.5%, self-inflicted lesions: 2,654 (0.4%). Total of pathological and syndrome groups: 59.9% and total of other ill-defined pathologies: 40.1%. Of the pathologies considered to be of greater relevance in A&E: acute coronary syndrome: 3.1%, arrhythmias: 3.2%, cardiac arrest: 1.7%, respiratory stoppage: 0.16%, total traumatisms: 34.9%, traumatisms: 1.16%, cranio-encephalic traumatism: 1.77%, intoxications: 5.1%, agressions: 6.9%, burns: 0.26%.

Artículos publicados en EMERGENCIAS entre 2000 y 2004: participación de los urgenciólogos y comparación con su aportación en las revistas indexadas / Scientific papers published in “EMERGENCIAS” from 2000 to 2004: participation of emergency department physicians and comparison with their contribution to indexed journals

Objetivos: Analizar las principales características de la producción científica de los urgenciólogos españoles entre 2000 y 2004, tanto en revistas indexadas por el Scienci Citation Index (SCI) como en la revista EMERGENCIAS, al no encontrarse ésta incluida endicha base de datos. Método: Se revisaron manualmente todos los documentos publicados en EMERGENCIAS durante el período 2000-2004. Se aceptó como documento de un urgenciólogo español si en la filiación figuraba su erradicación en España y cualquiera de las siguientes expresiones identificativas de un servicio-dispositivo de urgencias: urgencias, urgències,urxencias, larrialdiak, larrialdia, emergentziak, emergencias, emergències, emerxencias,emergency, 061, SAMU, 1006, SUC, SEM, SEMSA, SERCAM, 112, DEIAK o EPES. Esta misma estrategia fue la utilizada para la búsqueda en revistas del SCI durante el mismo período. Se registraron y analizaron los principales datos e indicadores bibliométricos utilizados en los estudios previos de nuestro grupo. Para determinar las líneas de investigación se utilizó el índice del Tratado de Medicina de Urgencias de Tintinalli,ligeramente modificado. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado, los urgenciólogos españoles publicaron 594 documentos,290 en EMERGENCIAS y 304 indexados por el SCI. El 51% de ellos fueron realizados por autores pertenecientes a 26 servicios de urgencias hospitalarios y 3 Sistemas de Emergencias, además de la propia SEMES. Hubo diferencias importantes entre la aportación que realizó cada Comunidad y cada Centro a EMERGENCIAS y al SCI en cuanto a la producción científica, en las características bibliométricas y en los temas delos trabajos. Madrid predominó en EMERGENCIAS, Cataluña y Andalucía en el SCI y presentaron una producción balanceada Galicia y el País Vasco. La producción científica publicada en EMERGENCIAS presentaba un menor número de originales, fue firmada por menos autores, el urgenciólogo firmó con mayor frecuencia en primer lugar, hubo una mayor frecuencia de urgenciólogos extrahospitalarios y de pertenencia a un servicio de urgencias independiente. Conclusiones: Los urgenciólogos que publican en EMERGENCIAS aportan un volumen similar de trabajos a los que publican en revistas indexadas en el SCI, aunque la mayoría de características bibliométricas y la temática difieren entre ambas (AU)

Aims: To assess the predominant characteristics of scientific papers published by Spanish clinicians from emergency departments physicians, from 2000 to 2004, in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database and in the journal EMERGENCIAS, which is not included in the aforementioned index. Material and method: All the articles published in the journal EMERGENCIAS during the period 2000-2004 were reviewed. A scientific paper was considered a Spanish emergency department physician document if the setting was Spain and if it included any of the following expressions related to an emergency service: urgencias, urgències, urxencias,larrialdiak, larrialdia, emergentziak, emergencias, emergències, emerxencias, emergency, 061, SAMU, 1006, SUC, SEM,SEMSA, SERCAM, 112, DEIAK or EPES. The same strategy was used to search for journals in the SCI during the sameperiod. All data and bibliometric indicators used in previous studies by our group were registered and analyzed. Aslightly modified index of the text “Tratado de Medicina de Urgencias” by Tintinalli was used to determine the lines ofinvestigation. Results: Throughout the whole study period, the Spanish emergency department clinicians published 594 scientific papers; among which 290 appeared in EMERGENCIAS and 304 were indexed in SCI. 51% were written by clinicians from 26 hospitalary emergency departments and 3 emergency systems, in addition to the SEMES. Significant differences were observed in the contribution of each community are centre to the scientific prroduction, the bibliometriccharacteristics and the topics reported between EMERGENCIAS and the SCI. Madrid prevailed in EMERGENCIAS, Cataloniaand Andalusia in the SCI and Galicia and the Basque Country had a balanced scientific production. EMERGENCIAS had a lower number of original studies, signed by fewer authors, emergency department physicians more frequently signed in first place, and frequency of physicians from extrahospitalary emergency departments and independent emergency services was hister. Conclusions: The volume of studies by emergency department physicians pulishing in EMERGENCIAS is similr to that of studies published in journals indexed in the SCI albeit with differences in the bibliometric characteristics and subjects (AU)