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1.
Rev Saude Publica ; 58: 15, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38716927

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present the results of a cost analysis of remote consultations (teleconsultations) compared to in-person consultations for patients with type 2 diabetes, in the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS) in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina (SC). In addition to the costs from the local manager's perspective, the article also presents estimates from the patient's perspective, based on the transportation costs associated with each type of consultation. METHOD: Data were collected from 246 consultations, both remote and in-person, between 2021 and 2023, in the context of a randomized clinical trial on the impact of teleconsultation carried out in the city of Joinville, SC. Teleconsultations were carried out at Primary Health Units (PHU) and in-person consultations at the Specialized Health Center. The consultation costs were calculate by the method time and activity-based costing (TDABC), and for the estimate of transportation costs data was collected directly from the research participants . The mean costs and time required to carry out each type of consultation in different scenarios and perspectives were analyzed and compared descriptively. RESULTS: Considering only the local SUS manager's perspective, the costs for carrying out a teleconsultation were 4.5% higher than for an in-person consultation. However, when considering the transportation costs associated with each patient, the estimated value of the in-person consultation becomes 7.7% higher and, in the case of consultations in other municipalities, 15% higher than the teleconsultation. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the incorporation of teleconsultation within the SUS can bring economic advantages depending on the perspective and scenario considered, in addition to being a strategy with the potential to increase access to specialized care in the public network.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Remote Consultation , Humans , Remote Consultation/economics , Remote Consultation/methods , Brazil , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/economics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , National Health Programs/economics , Male , Costs and Cost Analysis , Female , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis
2.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560446

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the results of a cost analysis of remote consultations (teleconsultations) compared to in-person consultations for patients with type 2 diabetes, in the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS) in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina (SC). In addition to the costs from the local manager's perspective, the article also presents estimates from the patient's perspective, based on the transportation costs associated with each type of consultation. METHOD Data were collected from 246 consultations, both remote and in-person, between 2021 and 2023, in the context of a randomized clinical trial on the impact of teleconsultation carried out in the city of Joinville, SC. Teleconsultations were carried out at Primary Health Units (PHU) and in-person consultations at the Specialized Health Center. The consultation costs were calculate by the method time and activity-based costing (TDABC), and for the estimate of transportation costs data was collected directly from the research participants . The mean costs and time required to carry out each type of consultation in different scenarios and perspectives were analyzed and compared descriptively. RESULTS Considering only the local SUS manager's perspective, the costs for carrying out a teleconsultation were 4.5% higher than for an in-person consultation. However, when considering the transportation costs associated with each patient, the estimated value of the in-person consultation becomes 7.7% higher and, in the case of consultations in other municipalities, 15% higher than the teleconsultation. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the incorporation of teleconsultation within the SUS can bring economic advantages depending on the perspective and scenario considered, in addition to being a strategy with the potential to increase access to specialized care in the public network.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar os resultados da análise de custos para a modalidade de consulta remota (teleconsulta) em comparação à consulta presencial, em pacientes com diabetes do tipo 2, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro, na cidade Joinville, Santa Catarina. Para além dos custos, sob a perspectiva do gestor local, o artigo também apresenta estimativas sob perspectiva do paciente, a partir dos custos de transporte associados a cada modalidade de consulta. MÉTODO Foram coletados dados de 246 consultas, remotas e presenciais, entre 2021 e 2023, no contexto de um ensaio clínico randomizado sobre o impacto da teleconsulta realizado na cidade de Joinville, SC. As teleconsultas foram realizadas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e as consultas presenciais no Centro de Saúde Especializada. Para o cálculo dos custos, foi utilizado o método de custos baseado em tempo e atividade (TDABC) e, para o cálculo dos custos relativos aos transportes dos pacientes, foram coletados dados diretamente com os participantes da pesquisa. Foram analisados e comparados descritivamente os custos médios e o tempo de realização de cada modalidade de consulta em diferentes cenários e perspectivas. RESULTADOS Considerando apenas a perspectiva do gestor local do SUS, os custos para a realização da teleconsulta se mostraram 4,5% maiores do que para uma consulta presencial. Contudo, quando considerados os custos de transporte associados a cada paciente, o valor estimado da consulta presencial passa a ser 7,7% maior e, no caso de consultas em outros municípios, 15% maior do que a teleconsulta. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados demonstram que a incorporação da teleconsulta dentro do SUS pode trazer vantagens econômicas, a depender da perspectiva e do cenário considerado, além de ser uma estratégia com potencial para aumentar o acesso à atenção especializada na rede pública.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Unified Health System , Remote Consultation , Costs and Cost Analysis , Diabetes Mellitus
3.
BMJ Open ; 13(12): e076047, 2023 12 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070904

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Certain criteria for ventilator-associated events (VAE) definition might influence the type of an event, its detection rate and consequently the resource expenditure in intensive care unit. The Impact of Infections by Antimicrobial-Resistant Microorganisms - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (IMPACTO MR-PAV) aims to evaluate the incidence and diagnostic accuracy of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) using the current criteria for VAP surveillance in Brazil versus the VAE criteria defined by the US National Healthcare Safety Network-Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study will be conducted in around 15 centres across Brazil from October 2022 to December 2023. Trained healthcare professionals will collect data and compare the incidence of VAP using both the current criteria for VAP surveillance in Brazil and the VAE criteria defined by the CDC. The accuracy of the two criteria for identifying VAP will also be analysed. It will also characterise other events associated with mechanical ventilation (ventilator-associated condition, infection-related ventilator-associated complication) and adjudicate VAP reported to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) using current epidemiological diagnostic criteria. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board under the number 52354721.0.1001.0070. The study's primary outcome measure will be the incidence of VAP using the two different surveillance criteria, and the secondary outcome measures will be the accuracy of the two criteria for identifying VAP and the adjudication of VAP reported to ANVISA. The results will contribute to the improvement of VAP surveillance in Brazil and may have implications for other countries that use similar criteria. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05589727; Clinicaltrials.gov.


Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Humans , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Ventilators, Mechanical , Intensive Care Units
4.
Pathogens ; 12(2)2023 Jan 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36839490

ABSTRACT

Glanders is an anthropozoonosis caused by the bacteria Burkholderia mallei, affecting mainly equids. It has been eradicated in North America, Australia, and Western Europe, but continues to occur sporadically in countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. Its notification is mandatory by the World Organization for Animal Health. After 30 years, the disease reappeared in Brazil in 1999 and, thereafter, 1,413 outbreaks have been reported. However, the epidemiological situation of the disease in the country is not adequately known. Thus, 2718 animals from 654 properties in the state of Pará were randomly selected by sampling and examined using a serial protocol with Complement Fixation and Western Blot serological tests. The prevalence of properties infected with glanders in the state was estimated at 1.68% [0.84; 3.33] and of seropositive animals at 0.50% [0.27; 0.94]. The introduction of animals was individualized as a risk factor for disease introduction in the properties (OR = 5.9 [1.4; 25.5]). Despite the low prevalence of infected properties and seropositive animals, the state must review actions to fight the disease, considering that the strategies implemented have not affected the endemic balance of the disease. This process must involve all public and private agents interested in the topic.

5.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 47(1): e031, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431522

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: Com a pandemia de Covid-19, instituições globais de saúde recomendaram a adoção de medidas restritivas, como o fechamento de unidades de ensino. As instituições de ensino tiveram que se adaptar ao ensino remoto emergencial de forma abrupta e com pouco tempo para preparo. Os alunos também tiveram desafios a serem enfrentados, como uso da internet e isolamento dentro de casa. O ensino superior na área de saúde também teve que se adequar a esse novo modelo com adaptação a práticas humanizadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção da utilização do ensino remoto emergencial por discentes em uma universidade pública de saúde durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio de aplicação de um questionário com perguntas fechadas. O questionário foi dividido em quatro tópicos: caracterização da amostra, condições de uso da internet, condições do local do estudo e percepção do estudante acerca da utilização do ensino remoto. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 480 alunos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina e Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. A maioria desses alunos utilizou wi-fi residencial, com qualidade de sinal regular, e aqueles que residem no interior do estado foram os mais prejudicados por conta da inconstância da internet. Os alunos assistiram predominantemente às aulas no quarto e apontaram a fácil desconcentração como o fator mais prejudicial das aulas remotas. A maioria dos alunos discorda da eficácia das avaliações para esse tipo de ensino, assim como avalia de forma insatisfatória a experiência com o ensino remoto. No entanto, a maioria concordou que é possível aprender o conteúdo teórico com qualidade no ensino remoto. Conclusão: A pandemia de Covid-19 acarretou uma mudança repentina de cenário. O novo modelo educacional, de educação a distância, trouxe novos desafios para o ensino. Os resultados evidenciam que os fatores que prejudicaram os estudantes foram a instabilidade da internet e a dificuldade em se concentrar durante a aprendizagem remota. Houve facilidade para os discentes esclarecerem as dúvidas das aulas com os docentes, o que corrobora o ensino e a aprendizagem da parte teórica por meio desse sistema.


Abstract: Introduction: The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led global health institutions to recommend the adoption of restrictive measures such as the closure of educational facilities. Educational institutions were forced to suddenly adapt to emergency distance learning methods, with little time for preparation. The students also faced challenges such as relying on the internet and remaining isolated at home. Medical and health science schools also had to adapt to this new model to humanized practices. Objective: To evaluate the perceived use of emergency distance learning by students at a state university health sciences and medical school during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, involving the application of a questionnaire containing closed questions. The questionnaire was divided into four topics: sample characterization, conditions for internet use, study site conditions, and student perception of the use of distance learning. Result: The study included 480 students from the nursing, medicine, and dentistry courses at the Amazonas State University. Most of these students used their home wifi, with regular signal quality. Students from smaller, inner state towns were the most disadvantaged by inconsistent internet connections. Students were mainly in their bedrooms when they attended the and pointed to losing concentration easily as the main detrimental factor of the remote classes. Most students disagreed with the effectiveness of assessments for this type of learning,and rated the experience with remote teaching as unsatisfactory. However, most students agreed that it is possible to learn theoretical content with quality through distance learning. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic brought about a sudden change of scenery. The new educational model, using distance learning, has brought new challenges for teaching. The results show that the factors that hindered the students were the instability of their internet connection and difficulty in maintaining concentration during distance learning classes. Students found it easy to clarify doubts about the classes with the teachers; the system proved adequate for the teaching and learning of the theoretical content.

6.
Acta Vet. Brasilica ; 16(3): 211-219, ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1392713

ABSTRACT

A survey was conducted on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Equidae breeders in the municipality of Soure, Marajó Island, Pará, regarding animal health problems in the properties, especially glanders and adoption of sanitary measures that are pertinent to their combat, to elaborate on educational technical material with the appropriate methodology. The study included 50 interviewees from urban and rural areas of this municipality. Regarding data collection, structured interviews containing 22 multiple choice questions on the socioeconomic characteristics of breeders and/or owners of Equidae, breeding habits and models, and conceptions about sanitary control and their relationship with the animal health defense agency were conducted. From the qualitative analysis of data, 66% (33/50) interviewees were identified as literate, which facilitates the choice of the best language to use for communication. Regarding the choice of the best language for the transfer of information, 62% (31/50) interviewees said that a mobile phone is currently the best tool for transmitting information. Further, 40% (20/50) interviewees breed their Equidae extensively, raising an alert for epidemiological surveillance, and only 10% (5/50) interviewees turned to ADEPARÁ when the animals were sick. Based on the study results, Equidae breeders need guidance regarding the actions of the animal health defense services, and sanitary education is a fundamental measure for raising awareness and clarification of glanders to mitigate damage to public health and animal welfare, avoiding its spread in the State.(AU)


Foi realizado um levantamento sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamentos dos criadores de equídeos do município de Soure, na Ilha do Marajó, Pará, quanto aos problemas sanitários nas propriedades, em especial, ao mormo e a adoção de medidas sanitárias pertinentes ao seu combate - elaboração de material técnico educativo com metodologia ade-quada ao público-alvo trabalhado. A pesquisa contou com 50 entrevistados pertencentes às zonas urbana e rural desse muni-cípio. Quanto a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas contendo 22 questões de múltipla escolha referentes às características socioeconômicas dos criadores e/ou proprietários de equídeos; aos hábitos e aos modos de criação; às con-cepções sobre o controle sanitário e a relação destes com o órgão de defesa sanitária animal. Da análise qualitativa dos dados, observou-se que 66% (33/50) dos entrevistados são alfabetizados; o que facilita a escolha da melhor linguagem para o repasse de informações; 62% (31/50) elencou que o celular, atualmente, é a melhor ferramenta para a transmissão de informações; 40% (20/50) cria seus equídeos de maneira extensiva, representando um alerta à vigilância epidemiológica e apenas 10% (5/50) recorre à ADEPARÁ quando os animais adoecem. Com base no estudo, foi possível concluir que os criadores de equídeos necessitam de orientações quanto às ações do serviço de defesa sanitária animal, sendo a educação sanitária medida fundamen-tal para conscientização e esclarecimento deles sobre o mormo, de maneira a mitigar seus danos à saúde pública e ao bem-estar dos animais, evitando sua propagação no Estado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal , Equidae , Brazil , Data Collection/instrumentation , Sanitary Profiles
7.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34639518

ABSTRACT

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) account for 72% of the causes of death in Brazil. In 2013, 54 million Brazilians reported having at least one NCD. The implementation of e-Health in the Unified Health System (SUS) could fill gaps in access to health in primary health care (PHC). OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate telehealth strategies carried out within the scope of the Institutional Development Support Program of the Unified Health System (PROADI-SUS) and developed by Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, between 2018 and 2021, on evaluation, supply, and problem-solving capacity for patients with NCDs. METHODOLOGY: a prospective and descriptive study of three projects in the telehealth areas, using document analysis. The Brasil Redes project used availability, implementation, and cost-effectiveness analysis, TELEconsulta Diabetes is a randomized clinical trial, and Regula Mais Brasil is focused on the waiting list for regulation of specialties. All those strategies were developed within the scope of the SUS. RESULTS: 161 patients were attended by endocrinology teleconsultation in one project and another two research projects, one evaluating Brazil's Telehealth Network Program, and another evaluating effectiveness and safety of teleconsultation in patients with diabetes mellitus referred from primary care to specialized care in SUS. Despite the discrepancy in the provision of telehealth services in the country, there was an increase in access to specialized care on the three projects and especially on the Regula Mais Brasil Collaborative project; we observed a reduction on waiting time and favored distance education processes. CONCLUSION: the three projects offered subsidies for decision-making by the Ministry of Health in e-Health and two developed technologies that could be incorporated into SUS.


Subject(s)
Noncommunicable Diseases , Telemedicine , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Prospective Studies
8.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 11(1): 238-251, Fev. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1253412

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O estágio supervisionado obrigatório constitui-se em um componente curricular que integra o processo formativo do graduando em Fisioterapia. Todavia, a despeito de sua relevância como construto legal e normativo, os documentos oficiais não dão suporte suficiente à unificação dos critérios de sua realização, o que pode ocasionar a ocorrência de práticas irregulares. OBJETIVO: Identificar as discrepâncias e pontos de convergência existentes nos documentos oficiais e relatos de pesquisas que norteiam os estágios supervisionados obrigatórios em Fisioterapia. MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa da literatura com consulta às bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Periódicos Capes, e aos documentos oficiais do Conselho Federal de Fisioterapia, Conselho Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Educação e Associação Brasileira de Ensino em Fisioterapia. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 15 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2002 e 2017 e sete documentos oficiais que abordam os estágios, a práxis pedagógica e as normas legais no contexto da Fisioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: Existem discrepâncias em relação ao número de estudantes por supervisor de estágio e por turno de prática, à identidade do profissional, sua presença durante o treinamento e intervalo temporal entre a teoria e o estágio curricular obrigatório. Já como pontos de convergência podem ser pontuados o reconhecimento do estágio enquanto uma prática curricular obrigatória e didático-pedagógica e o momento em que o estudante deverá ser estimulado a desenvolver autonomia e responsabilidade profissional, interação com a equipe multiprofissional e habilidade no manejo dos pacientes.


INTRODUCTION: The mandatory supervised practice is a curricular component that integrates the training process of the undergraduate student in Physiotherapy, however, despite its relevance as a legal and normative construct, the official documents do not provide sufficient support for the unification of the criteria for its completion, which can cause irregular practices to occur. OBJECTIVE: Identify the discrepancies and points of convergence in existing official documents and research reports that guide the mandatory supervised internships in Physiotherapy. METHODS: Integrative literature review with a consultation to the databases PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, and Capes Periodicals, and to the official documents of the Federal Council of Physiotherapy, National Council of Health, Ministry of Education, and the Brazilian Association of Teaching in Physiotherapy. RESULTS: 15 articles published between 2002 and 2017 were analyzed, as well as seven official documents that address internships, pedagogical praxis, and legal norms in the context of Physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: There are discrepancies concerning the number of students per internship supervisor and practice shift, the professional identity, their presence during training, and the time interval between theory and the mandatory curricular internship. As points of convergence, the recognition of the internship as a mandatory and didactic-pedagogical curricular practice and the moment when the student should be encouraged to develop autonomy and professional responsibility, interaction with the multidisciplinary team, and ability to manage patients can be scored.


Subject(s)
Resolutions , Training Support , Physical Therapy Modalities
9.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 10(1): e23679, 2021 Jan 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33475516

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) offers universal health coverage, access to quality care is often limited by social inequality and location. Although telemedicine has been shown to be an important tool in the efforts to overcome this problem, because it can provide access to specialist care and break the geographical barriers to health care, there are no national studies demonstrating its use in public health. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the hypothesis that remote consultation can be as effective as standard face-to-face consultation for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Brazilian public health system and to assess the associated costs related to teleconsultation in public health scenarios, for patients referred from Primary Health Care units of the SUS for specialist care. METHODS: This is a pragmatic, phase 2, unicentric, open-label, noninferiority, blinded allocation, data-blinded, centrally randomized clinical trial. The inclusion criteria will be adults, both sexes, ≥18 years old, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥8%. Outcomes will be evaluated by assessing symptoms, laboratory exams, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, adverse events, and satisfaction level for 6 months. The costs of the teleconsultation will be assessed using the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method to compare the costs with the face-to-face consultations. The noninferiority margin was set at 0.5%. Assuming an SD of 1.3% for both groups, true difference between the means of zero, and a type I error level of 5% (one-sided), it was estimated that 117 individuals per group would be necessary to achieve 90% power. Statistical analysis of the efficacy will be done using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. RESULTS: The results from this trial will be reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. The trial was approved by the institutional review board on October 5, 2019. Data collection started in January 2019 and is expected to finish in 2022. At the time of manuscript submission, 18 participants were recruited. CONCLUSIONS: Our expectations are that providing remote access to health care will result in improvements in the health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and reduce costs and that both patients and clinicians will benefit from and be satisfied with this technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR-8gpgyd; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8gpgyd. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/23679.

10.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.);86(6): 727-733, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142607

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Perforation of the tympanic membrane is a reasonably frequent diagnosis in otorhinolaryngologists' offices. The expectant management is to wait for spontaneous healing, which usually occurs in almost all cases in a few weeks. However, while waiting for healing to be completed, the patients may experience uncomfortable symptoms. Although some research suggests the use of various materials to aid in the recovery of the tympanic membrane, none presented robust evidence of improvement in the cicatricial process. Nevertheless, the occlusion of the perforation with some material of specific texture and resistance can alleviate the patients' symptoms and accelerate the healing process. Objective: To evaluate the clinical (symptomatic and functional) improvement after the placement of bacterial cellulose film (Bionext®) on tympanic membrane perforations (traumatic). Methods: We evaluated 24 patients, victims of traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane, who were evaluated in the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Room. Following otoscopy and audiometric examination was performed, before and after the use of cellulose film occluding the tympanic membrane perforation. Results: Twenty-four patients were included, whose degree of overall discomfort caused by the tympanic membrane perforation and the presence of symptoms of autophonia, ear fullness and tinnitus were investigated. The mean score attributed to the overall annoyance caused by tympanic membrane perforation was 7.79, decreasing to a mean value of 2.25 after the film application. Symptom evaluation also showed improvement after using the film: autophonia decreased from a mean value of 6.25 to 2.08, tinnitus from 7 to 1.92 and ear fullness from 7.29 to 1.96. The auditory analysis showed mean threshold values still within the normal range at low and medium frequencies, with slight hearing loss at acute frequencies, but with significant improvement at all frequencies, with the exception of 8000 Hz, after film use. Conclusion: The use of bacterial cellulose film fragment on traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane promoted immediate functional and symptomatic recovery in the assessed patients.


Resumo Introdução: A perfuração da membrana timpânica é uma condição clínica relativamente frequente em consultórios de otorrinolaringologistas. A conduta é quase sempre expectante, aguardando cicatrização espontânea, que costuma ocorrer na quase totalidade dos casos em algumas semanas. No entanto, enquanto não se completa, os pacientes mantêm sintomas desconfortáveis. Embora algumas pesquisas sugiram o uso de materiais diversos para auxiliar na recuperação da membrana timpânica, nenhuma apresentou evidência substancial de melhoria no processo cicatricial. Por outro lado, a oclusão da perfuração com alguns materiais de textura e resistência específicas poderia aliviar os sintomas dos pacientes durante o processo cicatricial. Objetivo: Avaliar a melhoria clínica (sintomática e funcional) após a colocação de película de celulose bacteriana (Bionext®) sobre a perfuração da membrana timpânica (traumática). Método: Foram avaliados pacientes com perfurações traumáticas da membrana timpânica que deram entrada no pronto-socorro de otorrinolaringologia. Eles foram avaliados em relação a suas queixas e exame audiométrico, antes e após a aplicação de película de celulose que oclui a perfuração da membrana timpânica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 24 pacientes, nos quais foram pesquisados o grau de incômodo global causado pela perfuração da membrana timpânica e a presença de sintomas de autofonia, plenitude auricular e tinnitus. A média da nota atribuída ao incômodo global causado pela perfuração foi de 7,79; caiu para valor médio de 2,25 após a aplicação da película. A avaliação dos sintomas também apresentou melhoria após uso da película, autofonia caiu de valor médio de 6,25 para 2,08; zumbido de 7 para 1,92 e plenitude auricular de 7,29 para 1,96. A análise auditiva apresentou um valor médio de limiares ainda dentro da normalidade em frequências baixas e médias, com perda de audição leve em frequências agudas, porém com melhoria significante em todas as frequências, com exceção de 8000 Hz, após a colocação da película. Conclusão: A aplicação de fragmento de película de celulose bacteriana sobre perfurações traumáticas da membrana timpânica promoveu recuperação funcional e sintomática imediata nos pacientes estudados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tympanic Membrane , Audiometry , Cellulose , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/etiology , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/therapy , Otoscopy
11.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 29(2): e022719, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32609246

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum samples collected from domestic cats in Belém, Pará, Brazil. We also correlated the presence of T. gondii antibodies with environmental variables and cat-owner habits. Four-hundred and forty-seven serum samples from domestic cats were analyzed. The sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among the animals analyzed, 21.92% (98/447) were seropositive. A statistically significant association was found in relation to age and serology among the animals over 1 year old (p<0.01): in the group up to 1 year old, 12.82% (20/156) of the animals were positive, and in the group over 1 year old, 26.80% (78/291) were positive. Our results show that the cats in Belém, Pará region have anti-T. gondii antibodies, and their owners are not aware of toxoplasmosis or how to prevent its transmission.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan , Cat Diseases , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal , Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology
12.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol ; 86(6): 727-733, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31526712

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Perforation of the tympanic membrane is a reasonably frequent diagnosis in otorhinolaryngologists' offices. The expectant management is to wait for spontaneous healing, which usually occurs in almost all cases in a few weeks. However, while waiting for healing to be completed, the patients may experience uncomfortable symptoms. Although some research suggests the use of various materials to aid in the recovery of the tympanic membrane, none presented robust evidence of improvement in the cicatricial process. Nevertheless, the occlusion of the perforation with some material of specific texture and resistance can alleviate the patients' symptoms and accelerate the healing process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical (symptomatic and functional) improvement after the placement of bacterial cellulose film (Bionext®) on tympanic membrane perforations (traumatic). METHODS: We evaluated 24 patients, victims of traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane, who were evaluated in the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Room. Following otoscopy and audiometric examination was performed, before and after the use of cellulose film occluding the tympanic membrane perforation. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included, whose degree of overall discomfort caused by the tympanic membrane perforation and the presence of symptoms of autophonia, ear fullness and tinnitus were investigated. The mean score attributed to the overall annoyance caused by tympanic membrane perforation was 7.79, decreasing to a mean value of 2.25 after the film application. Symptom evaluation also showed improvement after using the film: autophonia decreased from a mean value of 6.25 to 2.08, tinnitus from 7 to 1.92 and ear fullness from 7.29 to 1.96. The auditory analysis showed mean threshold values still within the normal range at low and medium frequencies, with slight hearing loss at acute frequencies, but with significant improvement at all frequencies, with the exception of 8000Hz, after film use. CONCLUSION: The use of bacterial cellulose film fragment on traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane promoted immediate functional and symptomatic recovery in the assessed patients.


Subject(s)
Tympanic Membrane , Audiometry , Cellulose , Humans , Otoscopy , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/etiology , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/therapy
13.
R. bras. Parasitol. Vet. ; 29(2): e022719, 2020. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-15242

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum samples collected from domestic cats in Belém, Pará, Brazil. We also correlated the presence of T. gondii antibodies with environmental variables and cat-owner habits. Four-hundred and forty-seven serum samples from domestic cats were analyzed. The sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among the animals analyzed, 21.92% (98/447) were seropositive. A statistically significant association was found in relation to age and serology among the animals over 1 year old (p<0.01): in the group up to 1 year old, 12.82% (20/156) of the animals were positive, and in the group over 1 year old, 26.80% (78/291) were positive. Our results show that the cats in Belém, Pará region have anti-T. gondii antibodies, and their owners are not aware of toxoplasmosis or how to prevent its transmission.(AU)


Foi avaliada a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de soro, coletadas de gatos domésticos, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Também correlacionou-se a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii com variáveis ambientais e hábitos de proprietários. Quatrocentas e quarenta e sete amostras de soro de gatos domésticos foram analisadas. Os soros foram testados por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, e as amostras de fezes foram analisadas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Entre os animais analisados, 21,92% (98/447) foram soropositivos. Foi encontrada associação estatística significante em relação à idade e à sorologia entre os animais acima de 1 ano (p <0,01): no grupo de até 1 ano, 12,82% (20/156) dos animais positivos e, no grupo acima de 1 ano, 26,80% (78/291) positivos. Os resultados mostram que os gatos daquela região possuem anticorpos anti-T. gondii, e seus donos não estão cientes da toxoplasmose ou de como evitar sua transmissão.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Serology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/classification , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Cats/abnormalities
14.
Saúde Soc ; 29(3): e180992, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127379

ABSTRACT

Abstract People with disabilities face barriers that limit their sexual lives. In Portugal, some individuals with physical impairments have shown interest in resorting to sexual assistance provided by trained professionals, according to the client's preferences and needs. However, in Portugal, sex workers lacking any formal training represent the only way to access commercial sex services. Thus, this study analyzes the experiences of sex workers that provide services for disabled clients. The interviews of thirteen sex workers were analyzed using the thematic analysis method proposed by Braun and Clarke. The key findings show that men seek out sexual and emotional satisfaction from sex work. Additionally, specificities inherent to the lack of training and the relationships established tend to embarrass professionals. Finally, we conclude that training coupled with sexual education and popular awareness about gender differences in the pursuit of sex is fundamental to improve the sexual health of those who choose sex services as a way of sexual expression.


Resumo As pessoas com diversidade funcional enfrentam barreiras que limitam suas vidas sexuais. Em Portugal, alguns indivíduos com incapacidades físicas demonstraram interesse em recorrer à assistência sexual, prestada por profissionais com formação, para responder às suas preferências e necessidades sexuais. Contudo, trabalhadores(as) do sexo, sem formação específica, representam a única forma de aceder a serviços sexuais comerciais. Assim, este estudo foca as experiências de trabalhadores(as) do sexo que prestam serviços a clientes com diversidade funcional. Treze entrevistas a trabalhadores(as) do sexo foram analisadas pelo método proposto por Braun e Clarke. Os principais resultados demonstraram que os clientes do trabalho sexual são majoritariamente homens e que as especificidades inerentes tanto à falta de formação como às relações estabelecidas tendem a gerar sentimentos de constrangimento nos(as) profissionais. Finalmente, concluiu-se que a formação aliada à educação sexual e uma reflexão crítica sobre as diferenças de gênero existentes no recurso ao sexo comercial são fundamentais para melhorar a saúde sexual daqueles(as) que escolhem os serviços sexuais como forma de expressão sexual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sex Work , Sex Education , Sexuality , Sexual Health , Gender Diversity
15.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 29(2): e022719, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138080

ABSTRACT

Abstract We evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum samples collected from domestic cats in Belém, Pará, Brazil. We also correlated the presence of T. gondii antibodies with environmental variables and cat-owner habits. Four-hundred and forty-seven serum samples from domestic cats were analyzed. The sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among the animals analyzed, 21.92% (98/447) were seropositive. A statistically significant association was found in relation to age and serology among the animals over 1 year old (p<0.01): in the group up to 1 year old, 12.82% (20/156) of the animals were positive, and in the group over 1 year old, 26.80% (78/291) were positive. Our results show that the cats in Belém, Pará region have anti-T. gondii antibodies, and their owners are not aware of toxoplasmosis or how to prevent its transmission.


Resumo Foi avaliada a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de soro, coletadas de gatos domésticos, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Também correlacionou-se a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii com variáveis ambientais e hábitos de proprietários. Quatrocentas e quarenta e sete amostras de soro de gatos domésticos foram analisadas. Os soros foram testados por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, e as amostras de fezes foram analisadas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Entre os animais analisados, 21,92% (98/447) foram soropositivos. Foi encontrada associação estatística significante em relação à idade e à sorologia entre os animais acima de 1 ano (p <0,01): no grupo de até 1 ano, 12,82% (20/156) dos animais positivos e, no grupo acima de 1 ano, 26,80% (78/291) positivos. Os resultados mostram que os gatos daquela região possuem anticorpos anti-T. gondii, e seus donos não estão cientes da toxoplasmose ou de como evitar sua transmissão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Toxoplasma , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence
16.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1252964

ABSTRACT

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar o contexto da gestão de pessoas e a inovação gerencial numa empresa de comunicação, através da percepção de seus gestores. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar mudanças ocorridas na área de gestão de pessoas, analisar a percepção de gestores a respeito das ações gerenciais que indicam inovação e analisar a relação entre o contexto da gestão de pessoas e da inovação gerencial. A metodologia foi qualitativa com a realização de 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de alto cargo dentro da empresa. Os resultados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo. As cognições gerenciais revelaram que as inovações estão presentes nas ações dos gestores e no processo evolutivo da gestão de pessoas da empresa. Também, foi observado a necessidade de alinhamento dos arranjos internos da empresa a fim de possibilitar o alcance das expectativas dos seus stakeholders. Este artigo contribui ao tratar da implementação de práticas que promovem a evolução da gestão de pessoas e estimulam a criação de inovações gerenciais. Além de promover melhor entendimento sobre a dinâmica gerencial de uma empresa de comunicação que enfrenta o desafio de ser competitiva e produzir informações de valor para seus clientes.


The general objective of this research was to analyze the context of people management and managerial innovation in a communication company, through the perception of its managers. The specific objectives were: to identify changes that occurred in the area of people management, analyze the perception of managers about management actions that indicate innovation and analyze the relationship between the context of people management and managerial innovation. The methodology was qualitative with the realization of 6 semi-structured interviews with senior managers within the company. The results were analyzed through content analysis. Management cognitions revealed that innovations are present in the actions of managers and in the evolutionary process of managing the company's people. Also, the need to align the company's internal arrangements in order to enable the achievement of the expectations of its stakeholders was observed. This article contributes by addressing the implementation of practices that promote the evolution of people management and stimulate the creation of managerial innovations. In addition, it promotes better comprehension about the management dynamics of a communication company that faces the challenge of being competitive and producing value information for its customers.


Subject(s)
Perception , Personnel Management , Communication , Organization and Administration
17.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 18(3): 653-664, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013102

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to present an evaluation model for developing effective indicators for the Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) (Sanitary and Health Surveillance) actions in Brazil. Methods: an exploratory, evaluative study from primary sources data - electronic form by key informants and reports on national, international and secondary benchmarking visits - documental analysis. Results: the diversity of VISA management practices made it possible to define the evaluation object: Health Surveillance Actions - as an organized action system. The components: management; regulation; sanitary and health control; sanitary and health risk monitoring and information, communication and health education were derived from the aims of the intervention and composes a central structure of the Theoretical Model and the Logical Model Actions of VISA in the Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS) (National Sanitary and Health Surveillance System) . Conclusions: The Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) (Sanitary and Health Surveillance) accumulates experience with the process indicators for monitoring actions, being incipient are capable of evaluating its impact. The theoretical resources in the evaluation area support the information management in the VISA field and besides contributing for studies on social determinants and the incorporation of analyses in historic series.


Resumo Objetivos: apresenta-se a modelagem avaliativa para a construção de indicadores de efetividade das ações de vigilância sanitária (VISA) no Brasil. Métodos: estudo avaliativo exploratório, com dados de fontes primárias - formulário eletrônico com informantes-chave e relatórios de visitas de benchmarking nacional e internacional e secundárias - análises documentais. Resultados: a diversidade das práticas nas instâncias gestoras da VISA possibilitou a definição do objeto de avaliação: Ações de Vigilância Sanitária -, enquanto um sistema organizado de ação. Os componentes: gestão; regulação; controle sanitário; monitoramento do risco sanitário e informação, comunicação e educação para a saúde originam-se dos objetivos da intervenção e compõem a estrutura central do Modelo Teórico e do Modelo Lógico das Ações de VISA no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Conclusões: a VISA acumula experiência com indicadores de processos para monitoramento das ações, sendo incipientes aqueles capazes de avaliar o seu impacto. Os recursos teóricos da área da avaliação apoiam a gestão da informação no campo da VISA, para além da contribuição de estudos sobre os determinantes sociais e a incorporação de análises de séries históricas.


Subject(s)
Effectiveness , Health Surveillance , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Health Surveillance Services , Health Evaluation , Brazil , Evaluation Study , National Health Surveillance System
18.
Rev. psicol. (Fortaleza, Online) ; 7(1): 51-64, jul.-dez. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-878405

ABSTRACT

A experiência vivida por jovens calouros em universidades é composta por várias facetas. Durante o primeiro ano da universidade, o estudante passa por um processo de adaptação acadêmica marcada por mudanças. Esse período, sendo multidimensional e complexo, necessita ser investigado, principalmente no contexto brasileiro, em que muitas alterações ocorreram no ingresso ao ensino superior e poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar as dificuldades de adaptação desses novos estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento que avalie a experiência de transição acadêmica enfrentada por jovens calouros. Participaram da pesquisa 275 estudantes de graduação de duas universidades públicas federais. O instrumento utilizado inspirou-se no Questionário de Experiências de Transição Acadêmica ­ QETA ­ introduzido por Stocker e Faria (2008), em Portugal. As análises utilizaram o SPSS ­ StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences e princípios da análise fatorial: técnicas de extração de componentes principais e rotação Oblimin direct, com o teste de confiabilidade, Alpha de Cronbach. A escala foi definida em cinco dimensões. Os resultados confirmam a pertinência de algumas dimensões, como pares e professores e traz evidências da importância do ensino médio para o estudo sobre a transição e adaptação acadêmica no contexto universitário.


The experience lived by new students in universities consists of many facets. During the first year of University, students go through a process of academic adaptation marked by change. This multidimensional and complex period needs to be investigated, especially in the Brazilian context, in which many changes have occurred in the process of the selection procedures to higher education and only few studies have been developed to assess the difficulties of adaptation of new college students. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the experience of academic transition faced by new students. 275 students of two public universities participated in the research. The instrument was inspired by the Academic Transition Experiences Questionnaire ­ QETA ­ introduced by Stocker and Faria (2008), in Portugal. The analysis used the SPSS ­ Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and principles of factor analysis: principal components extraction techniques and direct Oblimin rotation, with the reliability test, Alpha of Cronbach. The scale was set in 5 dimensions. The results confirm the relevance of some dimensions, such as peers and teachers, and bring evidence of the importance of secondary education for the studyon the transition and adaptation in the academic context.


Subject(s)
Student Dropouts , Students , Adaptation, Psychological , Universities
19.
Rev. psicol ; 7(1): 51-64, jan.-jun. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-71248

ABSTRACT

A experiência vivida por jovens calouros em universidades é composta por várias facetas. Durante o primeiro ano da universidade, o estudante passa por um processo de adaptação acadêmica marcada por mudanças. Esse período, sendo multidimensional e complexo,necessita ser investigado, principalmente no contexto brasileiro, em que muitas alterações ocorreram no ingresso ao ensino superior e poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar as dificuldades de adaptação desses novos estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento que avalie a experiência de transição acadêmica enfrentada por jovens calouros. Participaram da pesquisa 275 estudantes de graduação de duas universidades públicas federais. O instrumento utilizado inspirou-se no Questionário de Experiências de Transição Acadêmica – QETA – introduzido por Stocker e Faria (2008), em Portugal. As análises utilizaram o SPSS–Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e princípios da análise fatorial: técnicas de extração de componentes principais e rotação Oblimin direct, com o teste de confiabilidade, Alpha de Cronbach. A escala foi definida em cinco dimensões. Os resultados confirmam a pertinência de algumas dimensões, como pares e professores e traz evidências da importância do ensino médio para o estudo sobre a transição e adaptação acadêmica no contexto universitário.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Student Dropouts , Universities , Universities , Behavior , Adaptation to Disasters
20.
Rev. psicol ; 6(1): 33-47, jan.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-64866

ABSTRACT

A entrada na Universidade para muitos jovens é marcada por uma fase de transição caracterizada por diversas mudanças que interferem em seu desenvolvimento psicossocial, além do profissional. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise dos fatores que influenciaram na adaptação do aluno, egresso do ensino médio, à vida universitária, bem como a identificação das mudanças comportamentais ocorridas em função desse processo de transição acadêmica. O estudo foi realizado através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 8 estudantes pertencentes a diferentes cursos. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo e categorizado em dois segmentos: Fatores que Influenciaram na Adaptação e Mudanças Comportamentais. Os resultados indicaram o destaque de sete categorias para o primeiro bloco – Infraestrutura; Informação sobre a Universidade e o curso; Fatores Externo à Universidade;Aspectos Organizacionais; Material de Estudo; Vínculos e Professores – e quatro categorias para o segundo bloco - Aspectos pessoais; Organização pessoal para o estudo; Tempo e Sintomas. O estudo contribui para pontuar as dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos ingressantes no contexto da universidade e proporcionou melhor compreensão sobre a transição acadêmica (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Primary and Secondary , Behavior , Universities , Student Dropouts
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