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1.
Reprod Toxicol ; 126: 108595, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641014

ABSTRACT

Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture and control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. As previous reports have indicated the potential of malathion to compromise testosterone production in in vivo models, the objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the impairment of Leydig cell function, considering its critical role in male reproductive function. To this end, murine Leydig TM3 cells were exposed to concentrations of 1, 10, 100 or 1000 µM malathion for 24 h for evaluation of the compound on cell viability. Subsequently, concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µM malathion were employed for a 24-h period to assess testosterone biosynthesis, levels of cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, as well as the redox profile. Malathion exerted a concentration-dependent impact on cell viability. Notably, the lower concentrations of malathion (1 and 10 µM) were found to impair testosterone biosynthesis in TM3 cells. While there were changes in IL-1 and TNF-α levels at specific concentrations, no direct correlation with altered hormone production was established. Our investigation revealed that varied malathion concentrations induced oxidative stress by increase in superoxide anion and a compensatory rise in antioxidants. In conclusion, the observed changes in the oxidative profile of TM3 cells were linked to functional impairment, evidenced by reduced testosterone biosynthesis at lower malathion concentrations.


Subject(s)
Cell Survival , Insecticides , Leydig Cells , Malathion , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Testosterone , Malathion/toxicity , Animals , Testosterone/biosynthesis , Male , Leydig Cells/drug effects , Leydig Cells/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Mice , Insecticides/toxicity , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cytokines/metabolism
2.
Toxicology ; 504: 153789, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38522820

ABSTRACT

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide used to control pests in crops. Thus, humans are constantly exposed through ingestion of contaminated food or water, inhalation of contaminated air, and through the skin. The juvenile and peripubertal periods comprise a window of development of the reproductive system, sensitive to toxic agents. Considering the scarcity of data on exposure to the insecticide during these periods, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorpyrifos on the testis during the juvenile and peripubertal periods. Thirty Wistar rats with an initial age of 25 days were distributed into 3 groups: control, which received corn oil (vehicle); CPS5, which received 5 mg/Kg b.w. of chlorpyrifos; and CPS15, which received 15 mg/Kg b.w. of chlorpyrifos. The groups were treated via gavage daily for 40 days and on the 41st experimental day, the animals were anesthetized and submitted to euthanasia to collect the organs. Blood was collected to obtain plasma and testosterone measurement. The testicles were removed, weighed and used for sperm count analyses, histopathological and morphometric analyzes and for oxidative stress analyses. Spermatozoa from the vas deferens were collected for analyzes of sperm morphology and acrosome integrity. The results showed that the two concentrations of chlorpyrifos caused a decrease in the number of Leydig and Sertoli cells and germ cells and increased the number of morphologically abnormal sperm and sperm with acrosomal damage. Furthermore, a decrease in lipid peroxidation was observed in the CPS5 and CPS15 groups, and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase activity in the CPS5 group. We conclude that exposure to chlorpyrifos harms the daily production of sperm, as well as their quality, in addition to causing an imbalance in the oxidoreductive balance of the testicle.


Subject(s)
Chlorpyrifos , Insecticides , Leydig Cells , Rats, Wistar , Sertoli Cells , Spermatozoa , Animals , Male , Chlorpyrifos/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Spermatozoa/pathology , Leydig Cells/drug effects , Leydig Cells/pathology , Leydig Cells/metabolism , Sertoli Cells/drug effects , Sertoli Cells/metabolism , Sertoli Cells/pathology , Rats , Sexual Maturation/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Testosterone/blood , Testis/drug effects , Testis/pathology , Testis/metabolism , Sperm Count
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