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1.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 29(2): e017919, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32428181

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite that causes diarrhea in a broad range of animals, including deer. Little is known about the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in Père David's deer. In this study, 137 fecal samples from Père David's deer were collected between July 2017 and August 2018 in the Dafeng Reserve and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested-PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, followed by sequence analyses to determine the species. The 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. Among 137 samples, 2 (1.46%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. according to SSU rRNA gene sequencing results. Both samples belonged to the Cryptosporidium deer genotype, with two nucleotide deletions and one nucleotide substitution. The prevalence data and molecular characterization of this study provide basic knowledge for controlling and preventing Cryptosporidium infections in Père David's deer in this area.


Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Deer/parasitology , Molecular Epidemiology , RNA, Ribosomal , Animals , China/epidemiology , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Genotype , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNA
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 29(2): e017919, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138073

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite that causes diarrhea in a broad range of animals, including deer. Little is known about the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in Père David's deer. In this study, 137 fecal samples from Père David's deer were collected between July 2017 and August 2018 in the Dafeng Reserve and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested-PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, followed by sequence analyses to determine the species. The 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. Among 137 samples, 2 (1.46%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. according to SSU rRNA gene sequencing results. Both samples belonged to the Cryptosporidium deer genotype, with two nucleotide deletions and one nucleotide substitution. The prevalence data and molecular characterization of this study provide basic knowledge for controlling and preventing Cryptosporidium infections in Père David's deer in this area.


Resumo Cryptosporidium é um parasita zoonótico que causa diarreia em uma ampla gama de animais, incluindo veados. Pouco se sabe sobre a prevalência e o genótipo de Cryptosporidium spp. no cervo de Père David. Neste estudo, 137 amostras fecais do cervo de Père David foram coletadas entre julho de 2017 e agosto de 2018, na Reserva Dafeng, e analisadas para Cryptosporidium spp. por nested-PCR baseado no gene do RNA ribossômico da subunidade pequena (SSU rRNA), seguido de análises de sequências para determinar as espécies. O gene da glicoproteína de 60 kDa (gp60) foi utilizado para caracterizar Cryptosporidium spp. Dentre as 137 amostras, 2 (1,46%) foram positivas para Cryptosporidium spp. de acordo com os resultados do sequenciamento gênico de SSU rRNA. Ambas as amostras pertenciam ao genótipo do cervo Cryptosporidium, com duas deleções nucleotídicas e uma substituição nucleotídica. Os dados de prevalência e a caracterização molecular deste estudo fornecem conhecimentos básicos para controlar e prevenir infecções por Cryptosporidium nos cervos de Père David nessa.


Subject(s)
Animals , RNA, Ribosomal , Deer/parasitology , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/genetics , Phylogeny , China/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Genotype
3.
R. bras. Parasitol. Vet. ; 29(2): e017919, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-26876

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite that causes diarrhea in a broad range of animals, including deer. Little is known about the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in Père Davids deer. In this study, 137 fecal samples from Père Davids deer were collected between July 2017 and August 2018 in the Dafeng Reserve and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested-PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, followed by sequence analyses to determine the species. The 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. Among 137 samples, 2 (1.46%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. according to SSU rRNA gene sequencing results. Both samples belonged to the Cryptosporidium deer genotype, with two nucleotide deletions and one nucleotide substitution. The prevalence data and molecular characterization of this study provide basic knowledge for controlling and preventing Cryptosporidium infections in Père Davids deer in this area.(AU)


Cryptosporidium é um parasita zoonótico que causa diarreia em uma ampla gama de animais, incluindo veados. Pouco se sabe sobre a prevalência e o genótipo de Cryptosporidium spp. no cervo de Père David. Neste estudo, 137 amostras fecais do cervo de Père David foram coletadas entre julho de 2017 e agosto de 2018, na Reserva Dafeng, e analisadas para Cryptosporidium spp. por nested-PCR baseado no gene do RNA ribossômico da subunidade pequena (SSU rRNA), seguido de análises de sequências para determinar as espécies. O gene da glicoproteína de 60 kDa (gp60) foi utilizado para caracterizar Cryptosporidium spp. Dentre as 137 amostras, 2 (1,46%) foram positivas para Cryptosporidium spp. de acordo com os resultados do sequenciamento gênico de SSU rRNA. Ambas as amostras pertenciam ao genótipo do cervo Cryptosporidium, com duas deleções nucleotídicas e uma substituição nucleotídica. Os dados de prevalência e a caracterização molecular deste estudo fornecem conhecimentos básicos para controlar e prevenir infecções por Cryptosporidium nos cervos de Père David nessa.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Molecular Conformation , Cryptosporidiosis/classification , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Deer/parasitology
4.
J Ethn Subst Abuse ; 18(1): 150-164, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28590812

ABSTRACT

Understanding the effect of cultural values on depression and how social networks influence these relationships may be important in the treatment of substance-using, Mexican American populations. Latino cultural values, familismo, personalismo, fatalismo, and machismo, may be associated with depression among Latinos. The current study identified the association of traditional Latino values on depressive symptomatology among a sample of Mexican American heroin injectors. A cross-sectional research design and field-intensive outreach methodology were utilized to recruit 227 Mexican American men. Participants were categorized into depressed and nondepressed groups. Relations among cultural values and depression were examined using logistic regression. Findings indicate that drug-using men with higher familismo and fatalismo scores are protected against depressive symptomatology. Relations between familismo and depression seem to be moderated by having a drug use network. In addition, findings reveal that age is inversely related to depressive symptomatology. Young Mexican American heroin users who do not ascribe to traditional Latino values may be highly associated with depression and therefore more vulnerable to riskier drug use behaviors. Moreover, drug-using social networks may affect the protective nature of certain cultural values. Further research is needed to identify whether culturally tailored treatments can cultivate these values while simultaneously undermining the effect of substance-using social networks in order to reduce depression symptoms among this group of high-risk substance users.


Subject(s)
Depression/epidemiology , Drug Users/psychology , Heroin Dependence/epidemiology , Mexican Americans/psychology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cultural Characteristics , Depression/ethnology , Heroin Dependence/ethnology , Heroin Dependence/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Protective Factors , Risk Factors , Social Networking , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/psychology
5.
Subst Use Misuse ; 49(8): 941-54, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24779493

ABSTRACT

Drug use among older adults is a growing concern, particularly for the burgeoning Hispanic population. Older adults seeking drug treatment will double over the next decade to almost 6 million. Cultural factors influence drug use, and more specifically, Hispanic cultural values influence heroin use. This study explored Mexican-American injection drug users' adherence to traditional Hispanic cultural values and their impact on cessation. Ethnographic interviews endorsed contextualized influences of values on heroin use. Cultural values functioned dichotomously, influencing both initiation and cessation. Understanding the impact of cultural values on substance abuse is critical given the changing demographics in American society.


Subject(s)
Culture , Heroin Dependence/ethnology , Mexican Americans/psychology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/ethnology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heroin Dependence/rehabilitation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research , Risk Factors , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/rehabilitation , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Texas
6.
J Ethn Subst Abuse ; 12(2): 124-39, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23768430

ABSTRACT

This article describes social capital in a cohort of 227 Mexican American men who are long-term injection heroin users. Social capital scores for current and former users were similar, suggesting equal absolute values of capital, but associated with illicit activities in current users and with cessation efforts in former users. Stable drug-using relationships provided high negative capital, whereas conventional relationships provided positive capital. Thus, social capital functions dichotomously in positive and negative contextualized roles. This study provides an alternative understanding of the dynamic interactions between individuals, environment, and drug abuse and can inform prevention and treatment interventions for an important demographic group.


Subject(s)
Heroin Dependence/epidemiology , Mexican Americans/statistics & numerical data , Social Support , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heroin Dependence/ethnology , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Middle Aged , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology
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